Effects of Diets with Different Energy and Protein Levels on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Indices and Rumen Fermentation Parameters of Housed Fattening Yaks in Cold Season

LI Hongli; CHAI Shatuo; WANG Xun; WANG Shuxiang; ZAHNG Wenhua; DOU Duojia; YANG Yingkui

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2022.07.039

2022 , Vol. 34 >Issue 7: 4498 - 4511

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2022.07.039

RESEARCH PAPER

Effects of Diets with Different Energy and Protein Levels on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Indices and Rumen Fermentation Parameters of Housed Fattening Yaks in Cold Season

LI Hongli ,
CHAI Shatuo ,
WANG Xun ,
WANG Shuxiang ,
ZAHNG Wenhua ,
DOU Duojia ,
YANG Yingkui

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1. Qinghai Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences in Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Plateau Grazing Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Qinghai Province, Xining 810016, China;
3. Yak Engineering Technology Research Center of Qinghai Province, Xining 810016, China;
4. Qinghai Xiahua Halal Meat Products Co., Ltd., Xining 810016, China;
5. Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station, Zeku County, Huangnan Prefecture, Qinghai Province, Zeku 811499, China

Received date: 2021-11-29

Online published: 2022-07-14

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Abstract

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of diets with different energy and protein levels on growth performance, serum biochemical indices and rumen fermentation parameters of housed fattened yaks in cold season. One hundred and eight 3-week-old male yaks in good condition, weighing nearly (200±20) kg, were randomly divided into 9 groups of 12 yaks each. The experiment was a two-factor, three-level test design with 3 metabolic energy levels[low (9.5 MJ/kg), medium (10.6 MJ/kg) and high (11.7 MJ/kg)] and 3 protein levels[low (12%), medium (14%) and high (16%)], according to design of 9 different energy and protein levels of total mixed rations (TMR), each group of yaks was fed one type of ration. The pre-feeding period was 15 days and the regular feeding period was 90 days. The results showed as follows:1) the average daily gain (ADG) in the medium metabolic energy group was significantly higher than that in the low metabolic energy group (P<0.05); the dry matter intake (DMI) significantly increased with dietary metabolic energy level increasing (P<0.05); the feed/gain (F/G) in the high and medium metabolic energy groups was significantly lower than that in the low metabolic energy group (P<0.05). The ADG in the medium protein group was significantly higher than that in the low protein group (P<0.05); the DMI and F/G in the high and medium protein groups were significantly decreased compared with the low protein group (P<0.05). The interaction between the dietary metabolic energy and protein levels had significant effect on the F/G (P<0.05). 2) The serum glucose (GLU), triglyceride (TG) total cholesterol (TC) contents and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in the medium and high metabolic energy groups were significantly higher than those in the low metabolic energy group (P<0.05); the serum albumin (ALB) content in the medium metabolic energy group was significantly higher than that in the high and low metabolic energy groups (P<0.05), and the serum aspartate aminotransferase activity in the medium metabolic energy group was significantly higher than that in the high and low metabolic energy groups (P<0.05). the serum total protein (TP) and ALB contents in the medium protein group were significantly higher than those in the high and low protein groups (P<0.05). The interaction between the dietary metabolic energy and protein levels had significant effects on the serum globulin (GLB) and urea nitrogen (UN) content (P<0.05). 3) Compared with the low metabolic energy group, the medium and high metabolic energy groups had significantly higher contents of propionic acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid and total volatile fatty acids in rumen fluid (P<0.05), while had significantly lower contents of acetic acid content and acetic acid/propionic acid (P<0.05). Compared with the low protein group, the medium and high protein groups had significantly higher content of microprotein (MCP) (P<0.05), and had higher content of ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N) in rumen fluid (P>0.05). The interaction between the dietary metabolic energy and protein levels had significant effects on the pH, the contents of NH₃-N, butyric acid, valeric acid and acetic acid/propionic acid in rumen fluid (P<0.05). In conclusion, metabolic energy level at 10.6 MJ/kg and protein level at 14% in the diet is important for improving growth performance, optimizing serum biochemical indices and improving rumen fermentation of housed fattening yaks in cold season.

Key words： yaks; housed fattening; growth performance; serum biochemical indices; rumen fermentation

Cite this article

LI Hongli , CHAI Shatuo , WANG Xun , WANG Shuxiang , ZAHNG Wenhua , DOU Duojia , YANG Yingkui . Effects of Diets with Different Energy and Protein Levels on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Indices and Rumen Fermentation Parameters of Housed Fattening Yaks in Cold Season[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2022 , 34(7) : 4498 -4511 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2022.07.039

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