The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of biochemical fulvic acid (BFA) on performance, slaughter performance, serum biochemical indexes, intestinal enzyme activities and cecal microbiota and metabolome of Xianju chickens. A single factor experimental design was adopted in this experiment, and a total of 240 healthy 524-day-old Xianju chickens were randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 replicates per group and 10 birds per replicate. Chickens in the control group was fed a basal diet, and others in experimental groups were fed the basal diets supplemented 500, 1 000 and 1 500 mg/kg BFA, respectively. The experiment lasted for 42 days. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with the control group, dietary 1 500 mg/kg BFA had certain improvement effects on the average daily gain and gain to feed ratio (P>0.05). 2) Compared with the control group, dietary 500, 1 000 and 1 500 mg/kg BFA significantly decreased the serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) content (P<0.05). 3) Compared with the control group, dietary 500, 1 000 and 1 500 mg/kg BFA significantly increased the jejunal chymotrypsin activity and ileal trypsin activity (P<0.05), dietary 1 000 mg/kg BFA significantly increased the ileal chymotrypsin activity (P<0.05), and dietary 500 mg/kg BFA significantly increased the ileal amylase activity (P<0.05). 4) Compared with the control group, dietary 1 500 mg/kg BFA increased the relative abundances of Subdoligranulum, Catenibacillus, g_norank_f_Peptococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae_UCG-002 in cecum, and increased the levels of PE[14：1(9Z)/16：1(9Z)], thiosulfate and caffeine in cecum. In conclusion, dietary BFA can improve the performance, decrease the serum TNF-α content, enhance the intestinal digestive enzyme activity of Xianju chickens, its growth-enhancing and anti-inflammatory effects may relate to the increasing relative abundances of short-chain fatty acid producing genera Subdoligranulum, Catenibacillus and Lachnospiraceae_UCG-002.
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