RESEARCH PAPER

Effects of Different Feeding Methods on Growth Performance, Rumen Fermentation and Microflora Structure of Yak Calves

  • SHEN Fang ,
  • YANG Yingkui ,
  • WANG Xun ,
  • WANG Shuxiang ,
  • CHAI Shatuo
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  • 1. Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Science, Qinghai University, Xi'ning 810016, China;
    2. Key Laboratory of Plateau Grazing Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Qinghai Province, Xi'ning 810016, China;
    3. Yak Engineering Technology Research Center of Qinghai Province, Xi'ning 810016, China

Received date: 2021-12-01

  Online published: 2022-10-17

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different feeding methods on growth performance, rumen fermentation and microflora structure of 6-month-old weaned yak calves. Thirty healthy yak calves with similar birth date and body weight of (51.72±3.15) kg were randomly divided into two groups:barn feeding group and grazing group, and each group had 15 yaks. The dietary concentrate to forage ratio of yaks in the barn feeding group was 65:35. Yaks in the grazing group carried grazing (08:30 to 17:30) without supplementary feeding. The pre-experimental period lasted for 10 days, and the experimental period lasted for 210 days. The results showed as follows:1) the body weight, body height, body oblique length, chest circumference and tube circumference of yak calves in the barn feeding group were extremely significantly higher than those in the grazing group (P<0.01). 2) The concentrations of ammonia nitrogen, total volatile fatty acids, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid and isovaleric acid in the rumen liquid of yak calves in the barn feeding group were extremely significantly higher than those in the grazing group (P<0.01), and the concentrations of microbial crude protein (MCP) and acetic acid were significantly higher than those in the grazing group (P<0.05), while the pH, acetic acid/propionic acid value were extremely significantly lower than those of the grazing group (P<0.01). 3) The total number of operational taxonomic unit (OTU) detected in the two groups was 5 154, the number of unique OTU in the barn feeding group and the grazing group were 1 089 and 898, accounting for 21.13% and 17.42% of the total, respectively; the ACE index, Chao1 index and Shannon index in the grazing group were significantly or extremely significantly higher than those in the house feeding group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). 4) At the phylum level, the dominant phyla of the two groups were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria, and the relative abundances of them in the barn feeding group were 46.02%, 23.94% and 8.86%, respectively; the relative abundances of them in the grazing group were 53.96%, 25.62% and 7.50%, respectively. At the genus level, the same microorganisms were present in the rumen in the house-feeding group and the grazing group, but with different proportions. Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group was the dominant bacterial genus shared by the two groups, and the relative abundance of it in the barn feeding group and the grazing group was 11.77% and 6.92%, respectively. In conclusion, relative to grazing, the barn feeding can improve the growth performance and promote rumen fermentation of yak calves, but reduce the diversity and richness of rumen microflora to a certain extent.

Cite this article

SHEN Fang , YANG Yingkui , WANG Xun , WANG Shuxiang , CHAI Shatuo . Effects of Different Feeding Methods on Growth Performance, Rumen Fermentation and Microflora Structure of Yak Calves[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2022 , 34(9) : 5931 -5941 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2022.09.046

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