RESEARCH PAPER

Effects of Concentrate Supplementation on Pancreatic Development of Early-Weaned Yak Calves by Using Metabolomics

  • JIAO Yang ,
  • LIU Shujie ,
  • YANG Deyu ,
  • SUN Lu ,
  • LI Jilan ,
  • FENG Yuzhe ,
  • CUI Zhanhong
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  • 1. Key Laboratory of Grazing Livestock Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Qinghai Province, Yak Engineering Technology Research Center of Qinghai Province, Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Qinghai University, Xi'ning 810016, China;
    2. College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xi'ning 810016, China

Received date: 2022-04-22

  Online published: 2022-10-17

Abstract

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of supplemental feeding of concentrates on pancreatic development of lactating yak calves by applying metabolomics research methods. Twenty yak calves (males) of similar body condition and weight, weaned at about 30 days of age, were selected and divided into control and test groups of 10 calves each. The control group was fed milk replacer and alfalfa hay, and the test group was supplemented with concentrate, and both groups received the same amount of dry solids. Five yak calves from each group were selected for slaughter after 30 d of the pre-test period and 100 d of the formal test period, when the average daily intake of yak calves reached 1 kg. Body weight and pancreas weight were recorded and their organ indexes were calculated during the slaughter test, and tissue sections were observed using microscopy. Pancreas tissue samples were collected from yak calves and analyzed for small molecule differential metabolites using metabolomics techniques. The results showed as follows:1) body weight, pancreatic weight, organ index, total proportion of pancreatic exocrine part area, and total proportion of pancreatic endocrine part area were significantly higher in the test group than in the control group (P<0.05), while the proportion of pancreatic endocrine part area to exocrine part area was significantly lower in the test group than in the control group (P<0.05). 2) In the metabolic pathway of the pancreatic tissue of yak calves, the contents of the differential metabolite L-phenylalanine increased significantly (P<0.05) and the content of phenylpyruvate decreased significantly (P<0.05) in the biosynthetic pathway of phenylalanine. In the phenylalanine metabolic pathway, the contents of L-phenylalanine and 2-phenylacetamide significantly increased (P<0.05), while the contents of the phenylpyruvate significantly decreased (P<0.05). 3) In the metabolic pathway of the pancreatic tissue of yak calves, the contents of the differential metabolites docosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and adrenic acid were significantly higher in the test group compared with the control group in the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids (P<0.05). The contents of gamma-glutamylcysteine and epinephrine also significantly increased during iron apoptosis metabolism (P<0.05). It is concluded that the pancreatic development of early weaned yak calves is improved by supplementation with concentrate through the observation of pancreatic development and the use of non-targeted metabolomics techniques, which has a positive effect on the metabolic functions of the pancreas and helps to improve the growth and development quality of early weaned yak calves, providing an important theoretical basis for the nutritional regulation of early healthy breeding of yak young animals.

Cite this article

JIAO Yang , LIU Shujie , YANG Deyu , SUN Lu , LI Jilan , FENG Yuzhe , CUI Zhanhong . Effects of Concentrate Supplementation on Pancreatic Development of Early-Weaned Yak Calves by Using Metabolomics[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2022 , 34(9) : 5951 -5963 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2022.09.048

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