SPECIAL COLUMN:RESEARCH PROGRESS ON FEED NUTRITION

Advances in Low-Protein Diets Research for Swine

  • ZHOU Junyan ,
  • ZENG Xiangfang ,
  • QIAO Shiyan
Expand
  • State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China

Received date: 2022-08-01

  Online published: 2022-10-17

Abstract

With industrial crystalline amino acids supplementation, low-protein diets can satisfy precisely amino acid nutritional requirement of pigs under reduced dietary protein conditions. The appreciated application of low-protein diets can promote the growth performance, reduce metabolic burden, improve the utilization efficiency of nutrients, enhance intestinal health, save production costs, and protect the environment. In the present review, the advances in low-protein diets research in recent years was reviewed from the aspects of intestinal microbial population and metabolites, non-protein nitrogen and N-carbamylglutamic acid application, and the modulation of dietary starch composition on amino acid absorption and muscle synthesis. The aim of the review is to provide reference for the related research work.

Cite this article

ZHOU Junyan , ZENG Xiangfang , QIAO Shiyan . Advances in Low-Protein Diets Research for Swine[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2022 , 34(10) : 6146 -6151 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2022.10.003

References

[1] KERR B J,EASTER R A.Effect of feeding reduced protein, amino acid-supplemented diets on nitrogen and energy balance in grower pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,1995,73(10):3000-3008.  
[2] WANG Y M,ZHOU J Y,WANG G,et al.Advances in low-protein diets for swine[J].Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology,2018,9:60.
[3] PHONGTHAI S,D'AMICO S,SCHOENLECHNER R,et al.Fractionation and antioxidant properties of rice bran protein hydrolysates stimulated by in vitro gastrointestinal digestion[J].Food Chemistry,2018,240:156-164.
[4] 王钰明.日粮蛋白质水平对猪肠道营养物质消化代谢的影响及机制研究[D].博士学位论文.北京:中国农业大学,2020. WANG Y M.Effects and mechanisms of dietary crude protein level on intestinal nutrient digestion and metabolism in pigs[D].Ph. D.Thesis.Beijing:China Agricultural University,2020.(in Chinese)
[5] HE L Q,WU L,XU Z Q,et al.Low-protein diets affect ileal amino acid digestibility and gene expression of digestive enzymes in growing and finishing pigs[J].Amino Acids,2016,48(1):21-30.  
[6] HEINRITZ S N,WEISS E,EKLUND M,et al.Intestinal microbiota and microbial metabolites are changed in a pig model fed a high-fat/low-fiber or a low-fat/high-fiber diet[J].PLoS One,2016,11(4):e0154329.
[7] SHARMA M,WASAN A,SHARMA R K.Recent developments in probiotics:an emphasis on Bifidobacterium[J].Food Bioscience,2021,41:100993.
[8] VAN DEN ABBEELE P,BELZER C,GOOSSENS M,et al.Butyrate-producing Clostridium cluster XIVa species specifically colonize mucins in an in vitro gut model[J].The ISME Journal,2013,7(5):949-961.  
[9] ORMEROD K L,WOOD D L A,LACHNER N,et al.Genomic characterization of the uncultured Bacteroidales family S24-7 inhabiting the guts of homeothermic animals[J].Microbiome,2016,4(1):36.
[10] TILOCCA B,BURBACH K,HEYER C M E,et al.Dietary changes in nutritional studies shape the structural and functional composition of the pigs'fecal microbiome-from days to weeks[J].Microbiome,2017,5(1):144.
[11] ROSE W C,SMITH L C,WOMACK M,et al.The utilization of the nitrogen of ammonium salts, urea, and certain other compounds in the synthesis of non-essential amino acids in vivo[J].The Journal of Biological Chemistry,1949,181(1):307-316.  
[12] DEGUCHI E,NAMIOKA S.Synthesis ability of amino acids and protein from non-protein nitrogen and role of intestinal flora on this utilization in pigs[J].Bifidobacteria and Microflora,1989(8):1-12.
[13] MANSILLA W D,COLUMBUS D A,HTOO J K,et al.Nitrogen absorbed from the large intestine increases whole-body nitrogen retention in pigs fed a diet deficient in dispensable amino acid nitrogen[J].The Journal of Nutrition,2015,145(6):1163-1169.  
[14] MANSILLA W D,HTOO J K,DE LANGE C F M.Nitrogen from ammonia is as efficient as that from free amino acids or protein for improving growth performance of pigs fed diets deficient in nonessential amino acid nitrogen[J].Journal of Animal Science,2017,95(7):3093-3102.
[15] MANSILLA W D,SILVA K E,ZHU C L,et al.Ammonia-nitrogen added to low-crude-protein diets deficient in dispensable amino acid-nitrogen increases the net release of alanine,citrulline,and glutamate post-splanchnic organ metabolism in growing pigs[J].The Journal of Nutrition,2018,148(7):1081-1087.
[16] LI P L,WU F,WANG Y M,et al.Combination of non-protein nitrogen and N-carbamylglutamate supplementation improves growth performance,nutrient digestibility and carcass characteristics in finishing pigs fed low protein diets[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2021,273:114753.
[17] WU X,RUAN Z,GAO Y L,et al.Dietary supplementation with L-arginine or N-carbamylglutamate enhances intestinal growth and heat shock protein-70 expression in weanling pigs fed a corn-and soybean meal-based diet[J].Amino Acids,2010,39(3):831-839.  
[18] ZHANG H,PENG A,YU Y,et al.N-Carbamylglutamate and L-arginine promote intestinal absorption of amino acids by regulating the mTOR signaling pathway and amino acid and peptide transporters in suckling lambs with intrauterine growth restriction[J].The Journal of Nutrition,2019,149(6):923-932.  
[19] DAI Z L,LI X L,XI P B,et al. Regulatory role for L-arginine in the utilization of amino acids by pig small-intestinal bacteria[J].Amino Acids,2012,43(1):233-244.  
[20] WU G Y,KNABE D A,KIM S W.Arginine nutrition in neonatal pigs[J].The Journal of Nutrition,2004,134(10 Suppl):2783S-2790S.
[21] 赵元,何立荣,李金林,等.低蛋白质日粮添加N-氨甲酰谷氨酸、维生素A对育肥猪肉品质的影响[J].中国饲料,2016(21):12-17. ZHAO Y,HE L R,LI J L,et al.Effects of N-carbamylglutamic acid and vitamin A supplementation on fattening pork quality in low-protein diets[J].China Feed,2016(21):12-17.(in Chinese)
[22] YE C C,ZENG X Z,ZHU J L,et al.Dietary N-carbamylglutamate supplementation in a reduced protein diet affects carcass traits and the profile of muscle amino acids and fatty acids in finishing pigs[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2017,65(28):5751-5758.  
[23] 孙卫.低蛋白质日粮添加N-氨甲酰谷氨酸对生长育肥猪生长性能的影响[D].硕士学位论文.北京:中国农业大学,2019. SUN W.Effects of N-carbamylglutamate on the growth performance of growing-finishing pigs fed low-protein diets[D].Master's Thesis.Beijing:China Agricultural University,2019.(in Chinese)
[24] 周俊言.低蛋白质日粮淀粉组成改善生长猪氮利用效率的机制研究[D].博士学位论文.北京:中国农业大学,2022. ZHOU J Y.Exploring the mechanism of starch composition in low-protein diets to improve nitrogen efficiency of growing pigs[D].Ph. D.Thesis.Beijing:China Agricultural University,2022.(in Chinese)
[25] FUJITA S,DREYER H C,DRUMMOND M J,et al.Nutrient signalling in the regulation of human muscle protein synthesis[J].The Journal of Physiology,2007,582(2):813-823.  
[26] ROOS S,LAGERLÖF O,WENNERGREN M,et al.Regulation of amino acid transporters by glucose and growth factors in cultured primary human trophoblast cells is mediated by mTOR signaling[J].American Journal of Physiology Cell Physiology,2009,297(3):C723-C731.
[27] DIMITRIADIS G,MITROU P,LAMBADIARI V,et al.Insulin effects in muscle and adipose tissue[J].Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice,2011,93 Suppl 1:S52-S59.
[28] MAO X B,ZENG X F,HUANG Z M,et al.Leptin and leucine synergistically regulate protein metabolism in C2C12 myotubes and mouse skeletal muscles[J].The British Journal of Nutrition,2013,110(2):256-264.  
[29] TESTER R F,KARKALAS J,QI X.Starch-composition,fine structure and architecture[J].Journal of Cereal Science,2004,39(2):151-165.  
[30] ZHOU J Y,WANG L,ZHOU J C,et al.Effects of using cassava as an amylopectin source in low protein diets on growth performance,nitrogen efficiency,and postprandial changes in plasma glucose and related hormones concentrations of growing pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2021,99(12):skab332.
[31] ZHENG L F,ZUO F R,ZHAO S J,et al.Dietary supplementation of branched-chain amino acids increases muscle net amino acid fluxes through elevating their substrate availability and intramuscular catabolism in young pigs[J].The British Journal of Nutrition,2017,117(7):911-922.  
[32] WU G.Intestinal mucosal amino acid catabolism[J].The Journal of Nutrition,1998,128(8):1249-1252.  
[33] YIN F G,ZHANG Z Z,HUANG J,et al.Digestion rate of dietary starch affects systemic circulation of amino acids in weaned pigs[J].The British Journal of Nutrition,2010,103(10):1404-1412.  
[34] MAO Z,ZHANG W Z.Role of mTOR in glucose and lipid metabolism[J].International Journal of Molecular Sciences,2018,19(7):2043.
[35] SASAKI T,YASUI T,MATSUKI J.Effect of amylose content on gelatinization, retrogradation, and pasting properties of starches from waxy and nonwaxy wheat and their F1 seeds[J].Cereal Chemistry,2000,77(1):58-63.  
Outlines

/