RESEARCH PAPER

Immune Regulation of Different Levels of Crystalline Arginine on Growth and Anti-Stress Ability of Litopenaeus vannamei When Fish Meal Replaced by Fermented Soybean Meal

  • LIU Tao ,
  • PAN Yunchao ,
  • XIA Yan ,
  • YANG Peijiang ,
  • HUA Xueming
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  • 1. Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
    2. Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
    3. National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
    4. Jiujiang Dabei Nong Fishery Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Jiujiang 332000, China;
    5. Shanghai Fengxian District Aquatic Technology Promotion Station, Shanghai 201499, China;
    6. Shanghai Fengxian District Fengcheng Town Agricultural and Rural Service Center, Shanghai 201411, China

Received date: 2022-01-08

  Online published: 2022-10-17

Abstract

Fermented soybean meal as a substitute for fish meal has been widely used in aqua-feed, but there is usually poor amino acid balance when substitution occurs. Arginine as one of the essential amino acids, it plays an important role in metabolism of aquatic organisms. To investigate the importance of substituting arginine with fermented soybean meal for fish meal, this experiment took Litopenaeus vannamei [initial weight (0.62±0.10) g] as the research object, and supplemented with 0 (control, A00 group), 0.2% (A02 group), 0.4% (A04 group), 0.6% (A06 group), 0.8% (A08 group) of crystalline arginine in a basal diet, in which fish meal (22.53%) and fermented soybean meal (10.00%) were the main protein sources and the arginine level was 1.98%. After 60 days of feeding, the growth performance, body composition, serum and hepatopancreatic biochemical indexes, related gene expression in gill and hepatopancreas were determined, and hypoxic tolerance test and vibrio resistance test were carried out. The results showed as follows: 1) there was no significant difference in the survival rate of shrimp among groups (P>0.05), the weight gain rate and the specific growth rate in the A02 group and A08 group were significantly higher than those in the other groups (expect for A06 group) (P < 0.05). 2) No significant difference on serum malondialdehyde (MDA) content was found among groups (P>0.05), but the activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were the highest in the A02 group, and the activity of serum AST was significantly lower than that in other groups (P < 0.05), and serum ALT activity was significantly higher than that in other groups except A00 group (P < 0.05). The MDA content in hepatopancreas was the lowest in the A02 group. 3) The resistance to hypoxia was the strongest in A02 group, followed by A04 group with the strongest resistance to vibrio. 4) The relative expression levels of immunodeficiency (IMD), lysozyme (LZM) genes in gill and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) gene in hepatopancreas in A04 group were the lowest and significantly lower than those in A00 group (P < 0.05), and the relative expression level of transcriptional activator factor 4 (ATF4) gene in hepatopancreas in A00 group were the lowest and significantly lower than that in the other two groups (P < 0.05). To consider the growth, hepatopancreas health, stress resistance and gene expression levels, it was concluded that 0.4% of additive crystalline L-arginine (total 2.37% arginine) in the diet including 22.5% fish meal and 10% fermented soybean meal can effectively modulate immune system at transcriptional level and enhance the anti-stress ability, protect the hepatopancreas health and keep normal growth of shrimp.

Cite this article

LIU Tao , PAN Yunchao , XIA Yan , YANG Peijiang , HUA Xueming . Immune Regulation of Different Levels of Crystalline Arginine on Growth and Anti-Stress Ability of Litopenaeus vannamei When Fish Meal Replaced by Fermented Soybean Meal[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2022 , 34(10) : 6643 -6653 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2022.10.057

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