[1] 易宗容, 冯堂超, 廖世华.低聚木糖和药物饲料添加剂协同对仔猪生长性能的影响[J].养殖与饲料, 2020, 19(11):23-25. YI Z R, FENG T C, LIAO S H.Synergistic effects of xylooligosaccharides and drug feed additives on growth performance of piglets[J].Animals Breeding and Feed, 2020, 19(11):23-25.(in Chinese)
[2] 陈现伟, 李炳刚.新型饲料添加剂-甘露寡糖[J].饲料世界, 2006(1):29-30. CHEN X W, LI B G.A new feed additive mannan oligosaccharide[J].The World of Feed, 2006(1):29-30.(in Chinese)
[3] KLIEGMAN R M, SPARKS J W.Perinatal galactose metabolism[J].The Journal of Pediatrics, 1985, 107(6):831-841.

[4] BUDNI J, PACHECO R, DA SILVA S, et al.Oral administration of
D-galactose induces cognitive impairments and oxidative damage in rats[J].Behavioural Brain Research, 2016, 302:35-43.
[5] CHEN Q M, XU W, WU H, et al.An overview of
D-galactose utilization through microbial fermentation and enzyme-catalyzed conversion[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2021, 105(19):7161-7170.

[6] JAIN A, JAIN A, PARAJULI P, et al.Recent advances in galactose-engineered nanocarriers for the site-specific delivery of siRNA and anticancer drugs[J].Drug Discovery Today, 2018, 23(5):960-973.

[7] AUGUSTIN R.The protein family of glucose transport facilitators:it's not only about glucose after all[J].IUBMB Life, 2010, 62(5):315-333.
[8] COELHO A I, BERRY G T, RUBIO-GOZALBO M E.Galactose metabolism and health[J].Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care, 2015, 18(4):422-427.

[9] 朱爱民, 时玉梅, 孙强东.日粮蛋白质和乳糖水平对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道形态和免疫性能的影响[J].中国饲料, 2021(14):61-64. ZHU A M, SHI Y M, SUN Q D.Effects of dietary protein and lactose levels on growth performance, intestinal morphology and immune of weaning pigs[J].China Feed, 2021(14):61-64.(in Chinese)
[10] FUKUDA S, TOH H, HASE K, et al.Bifidobacteria can protect from enteropathogenic infection through production of acetate[J].Nature, 2011, 469(7331):543-547.

[11] ZHAO F Q, LIU Q B, CAO J, et al.A sea cucumber (
Holothuria leucospilota) polysaccharide improves the gut microbiome to alleviate the symptoms of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Goto-Kakizaki rats[J].Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2020, 135:110886.
[12] 张弦, 何闪, MAVROMICALIS I.日粮中添加乳糖可提高仔猪采食量[J].国外畜牧学(猪与禽), 2021, 41(4):15-17. ZHANG X, HE S, MAVROMICALIS I.Lactose as a feed intake enhancer in piglet diets[J].Animal Science Abroad (Pigs and Poultry), 2021, 41(4):15-17.(in Chinese)
[13] WOODEND D M, ANDERSON G H.Effect of sucrose and safflower oil preloads on short term appetite and food intake of young men[J].Appetite, 2001, 37(3):185-195.

[14] DE JONG N, DE GRAAF C, VAN STAVEREN W A.Effect of sucrose in breakfast items on pleasantness and food intake in the elderly[J].Physiology & Behavior, 1996, 60(6):1453-1462.

[15] RICHTER J, THORDSEN N, DUYSEN K, et al.Exiguous premeal saccharide intake reduces subsequent food intake in men[J].European Journal of Nutrition, 2021, 60(7):3887-3895.

[16] WOLFGANG M J, CHA S H, SIDHAYE A, et al.Regulation of hypothalamic malonyl-CoA by central glucose and leptin[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2007, 104(49):19285-19290.

[17] BROJENI M S, NASSERI F, HAGHPARAST A, et al.Paraventricular nucleus-microinjected glucose increases food intake in 18h food-deprived rats:a central regulatory mechanism on serum ghrelin and leptin levels[J].European Journal of Pharmacology, 2020, 876:173073.
[18] SARKAR A, YOO J Y, VALERIA OZORIO DUTRA S, et al.The association between early-life gut microbiota and long-term health and diseases[J].Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2021, 10(3):459.
[19] AL-KHAFAJI A H, JEPSEN S D, CHRISTENSEN K R, et al.The potential of human milk oligosaccharides to impact the microbiota-gut-brain axis through modulation of the gut microbiota[J].Journal of Functional Foods, 2020, 74:104176.
[20] PNG C W, LINDÉN S K, GILSHENAN K S, et al.Mucolytic bacteria with increased prevalence in IBD mucosa augment
in vitro utilization of mucin by other bacteria[J].The American Journal of Gastroenterology, 2010, 105(11):2420-2428.

[21] QIN J J, LI Y R, CAI Z M, et al.A metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes[J].Nature, 2012, 490(7418):55-60.

[22] F.S.TEIXEIRA T, GRZEŠKOWIAK Ł M, SALMINEN S, et al.Faecal levels of
Bifidobacterium and
Clostridium coccoides but not plasma lipopolysaccharide are inversely related to insulin and HOMA index in women[J].Clinical Nutrition, 2013, 32(6):1017-1022.

[23] SHIN N R, LEE J C, LEE H Y, et al.An increase in the
Akkermansia spp. population induced by metformin treatment improves glucose homeostasis in diet-induced obese mice[J].Gut, 2014, 63(5):727-735.

[24] SINGH D P, SINGH J, BOPARAI R K, et al.Isomalto-oligosaccharides, a prebiotic, functionally augment green tea effects against high fat diet-induced metabolic alterations via preventing gut dysbacteriosis in mice[J].Pharmacological Research, 2017, 123:103-113.
[25] LIU B, QIAN J M, WANG Q B, et al.Butyrate protects rat liver against total hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury with bowel congestion[J].PLoS One, 2014, 9(8):e106184.
[26] MASLOWSKI K M, VIEIRA A T, NG A, et al.Regulation of inflammatory responses by gut microbiota and chemoattractant receptor GPR43[J].Nature, 2009, 461(7268):1282-1286.

[27] LI M, VAN ESCH B C A M, WAGENAAR G T M, et al.Pro- and anti-inflammatory effects of short chain fatty acids on immune and endothelial cells[J].European Journal of Pharmacology, 2018, 831:52-59.
[28] OHIRA H, FUJIOKA Y S, KATAGIRI C, et al.Butyrate attenuates inflammation and lipolysis generated by the interaction of adipocytes and macrophages[J].Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis, 2013, 20(5):425-442.
[29] CALDER P C, AHLUWALIA N, BROUNS F, et al.Dietary factors and low-grade inflammation in relation to overweight and obesity[J].The British Journal of Nutrition, 2011, 106(S3):S5-S78.
[30] TILG H, MOSCHEN A R.Adipocytokines:mediators linking adipose tissue, inflammation and immunity[J].Nature Reviews Immunology, 2006, 6(10):772-783.

[31] HAMER H M, JONKERS D, VENEMA K, et al.Review article:the role of butyrate on colonic function[J].Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 2008, 27(2):104-119.
[32] LEONEL A J, ALVAREZ-LEITE J I.Butyrate:implications for intestinal function[J].Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care, 2012, 15(5):474-479.