RESEARCH PAPER

Mechanism of Intestinal Flora Mediated Galactose Promoting Feeding in Mice

  • CHEN Lyushuang ,
  • ZHU Shuqing ,
  • XIE Kailai ,
  • FENG Xiajie ,
  • WU Xin ,
  • SUN Zhonghua ,
  • WANG Li
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  • Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China

Received date: 2022-04-20

  Online published: 2022-11-14

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of intestinal microbiota mediating galactose to promote feeding in mice. Firstly, 40 three-week-old C57/BL6J male mice were randomly divided into 4 groups with 10 mice in each group. The control group was given distilled water, and the experimental groups were given drinking water with 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% galactose, respectively. According to the experimental results, 1.0% was selected as the added dose for the subsequent test, using transgenic mice that specifically express green fluorescent protein(GFP) in hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY) and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons, the effects of galactose added to drinking water on the excitability of these two neurons in the arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus in mice were studied. The changes of inflammatory signals in the intestinal tract of mice in the control group and drinking water with 1.0% galactose were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR, hypersensitive multifactor electrochemiluminescence (MSD) and Western blot. Through the analysis of intestinal flora and metabolites, the way of galactose regulating the growth of mice was discussed, and the model was verified by porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2). Finally, 32 three-week-old C57/BL6J male mice were randomly divided into 4 groups with 8 mice in each group, the pseudo sterile mouse model was constructed with antibiotics to verify the role of intestinal flora in galactose promoting feeding. The results are as follows:1) compared with the adding dosages of 0.5% and 1.5%, the addition galactose of 1.0% to drinking water had a better effect on promoting feed intake, there was a significant positive correlation between the weight of mice and the adding dosages of galactose (P<0.05), and significantly improved the level of energy metabolism in mice, including oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide emission and energy consumption (P<0.05). 2) Compared with the control group, the excitability of NPY neurons in arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus increased significantly when drinking water was added with 1.0% galactose (P<0.05). 3) Compared with the control group, the addition of 1.0% galactose to drinking water significantly reduced the relative expression level of galactose transporter 1 (SGLT1) gene in the intestine (P<0.05), but significantly increased the relative expression levels of galactose metabolic enzyme (GALK) and short chain fatty acid receptor (GPR) 41 and GPR43 genes (P<0.05), the relative expression levels of inflammatory factors in the intestinal tract of mice decreased significantly (P<0.01). 4) Compared with the control group, adding 1.0% galactose to drinking water significantly increased the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia and Neisseriaceae in intestinal tract of mice, as well as the contents of short chain fatty acids and organic acids in the intestine (P<0.05). 5) Isobutyric acid, a differential metabolite in the metabolic group, could significantly reduce the relative expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 genes (P<0.01) genes and the phosphorylation levels of protein tyrosine kinase (JAK) and protein kinase B (AKT) (P<0.05). 6) After the microbes in the gut of mice were eliminated by antibiotics, the effect of galactose on feed intake was also eliminated. In conclusion, the addition of 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% galactose to drinking water can increase the feed intake of mice, and the body weight of mice has a trend to increase with the increase of galactose adding dosages; galactose can improve the composition of intestinal flora in mice, ferment to produce short chain fatty acids under the action of intestinal flora, reduce intestinal inflammation and improve intestinal health.

Cite this article

CHEN Lyushuang , ZHU Shuqing , XIE Kailai , FENG Xiajie , WU Xin , SUN Zhonghua , WANG Li . Mechanism of Intestinal Flora Mediated Galactose Promoting Feeding in Mice[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2022 , 34(11) : 7466 -7480 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2022.11.063

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