REVIEW

Research Progress on Sources, Quality Evaluation and Influencing Factors of Silages Feed at Home and Abroad

  • SU Jiaqi ,
  • XIN Hangshu ,
  • ZHANG Guangning ,
  • LIU Chunlong
Expand
  • 1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
    2. Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Harbin 150081, China

Received date: 2022-05-12

  Online published: 2022-12-15

Abstract

Silage is an important source of forage in ruminant production, which is closely related to ruminant production performance and pasture economic benefits. At present, affected by the global epidemic, the price of traditional forages raw material and cost of traditional forage continue to rise. Therefore, more and more attention has been paid to the improvement of conventional silage quality and the development of cheap silage raw material.At the same time, with the specie increase of silage raw material, the previous silage evaluation system is difficult to accurately evaluate the silage with diversified raw materials. Due to the different physical and chemical properties of different silage raw materials, different fermentation conditions have different effects on the quality of silage with diversified raw materials. By collecting and sorting the literature published at home and abroad in recent years, this paper summarized the current situation and development trend of the source and classification of silage, the evaluation of silage quality, factors affecting silage quality at home and abroad, in order to provide reference and help for relevant researchers in the next stage of relevant research.

Cite this article

SU Jiaqi , XIN Hangshu , ZHANG Guangning , LIU Chunlong . Research Progress on Sources, Quality Evaluation and Influencing Factors of Silages Feed at Home and Abroad[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2022 , 34(12) : 7585 -7594 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2022.12.012

References

[1] 刘悦, 字学娟, 陈婷, 等.饲草青贮微生物多样性研究进展及对策[J].动物营养学报, 2021, 33(11):6084-6092. LIU Y, ZI X J, CHEN T, et al.Research progress and countermeasure on microbial diversity of forage silage[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2021, 33(11):6084-6092.(in Chinese)
[2] FERRARETTO L F, SHAVER R D, LUCK B D.Silage review:recent advances and future technologies for whole-plant and fractionated corn silage harvesting[J].Journal of Dairy Science, 2018, 101(5):3937-3951.  
[3] 王隆, 李璟怡, 欧阳可寒, 等.不同青贮添加剂对去油芳樟枝叶青贮饲料营养成分、青贮发酵品质和瘤胃体外发酵特性的影响[J].动物营养学报, 2022, 34(3):1789-1799. WANG L, LI J Y, OU Y K H, et al.Effects of different silage additives on nutrient composition, silage fermentation quality and rumen fermentation characteristics in vitro of deoiling linalyl branches and leaves silage[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2022, 34(3):1789-1799.(in Chinese)
[4] 丁光省.美国青贮玉米种植情况的调研报告[J].中国乳业, 2019(1):17-22. DING G S.Investigation report on silage corn planting in the United States[J].China Dairy, 2019(1):17-22.(in Chinese)
[5] 张林, 周羽, 袁兆慧, 等.我国青贮玉米生产现状及对策[J].河南农业, 2020(35):58-59. ZHANG L, ZHOU Y, YUAN Z H, et al.Present situation and countermeasures of silage corn production in China[J].Agriculture of Henan, 2020(35):58-59.(in Chinese)
[6] CHEN Y T, HARRISON J H, BUNTING L D.Effects of replacement of alfalfa silage with corn silage and supplementation of methionine analog and lysine-HCl on milk production and nitrogen feed efficiency in early lactating cows[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2018, 242:120-126.
[7] ZHANG H, XUE X, SONG M, et al.Comparison of feeding value, ruminal fermentation and bacterial community of a diet comprised of various corn silages or combination with wheat straw in finishing beef cattle[J].Livestock Science, 2022, 258:104876.
[8] MCCARY C L, VYAS D, FACIOLA A P, et al.Graduate student literature review:current perspectives on whole-plant sorghum silage production and utilization by lactating dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science, 2020, 103(6):5783-5790.  
[9] RAN T, TANG S X, YU X, et al.Diets varying in ratio of sweet sorghum silage to corn silage for lactating dairy cows:feed intake, milk production, blood biochemistry, ruminal fermentation, and ruminal microbial community[J].Journal of Dairy Science, 2021, 104(12):12600-12615.  
[10] YANG Y, FERREIRA G, CORL B A, et al.Production performance, nutrient digestibility, and milk fatty acid profile of lactating dairy cows fed corn silage-or sorghum silage-based diets with and without xylanase supplementation[J].Journal of Dairy Science, 2019, 102(3):2266-2274.  
[11] 蔡阿敏, 范逸婷, 李鹏涛, 等.小麦青贮的营养价值及其在奶牛生产中的应用[J].动物营养学报, 2021, 33(5):2452-2460. CAI A M, FAN Y T, LI P T, et al.Nutritional value of wheat silage and its application in dairy cow production[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2021, 33(5):2452-2460.(in Chinese)
[12] HARPER M T, OH J, GIALLONGO F, et al.Inclusion of wheat and triticale silage in the diet of lactating dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science, 2017, 100(8):6151-6163.  
[13] 袁文焕, 张天琦, 张振强, 等.饲喂小麦秸秆和小麦青贮对泌乳奶牛采食量, 产奶性能和消化率的影响[J].中国饲料, 2018(6):61-64 YUAN W H, ZHANG T Q, ZHANG Z Q, et al.Effect of wheat hay and wheat silage on feed intake, milk performance and digestibility of lactating[J].China Feed, 2018(6):61-64.
[14] GVNAL M, MCCOURT A, ZHAO Y, et al.The effect of silage type on animal performance, energy utilisation and enteric methane emission in lactating dairy cows[J].Animal Production Science, 2019, 59(3):499-505.  
[15] WANG Y, XIA K, WANG X N, et al.Improvement of feed intake, digestibility, plasma metabolites, and lactation performance of dairy cows fed mixed silage of sugar beet pulp and rice straw inoculated with lactic acid bacteria[J].Journal of Dairy Science, 2022, 105(1):269-280.  
[16] GOMES A L M, JACOVACI F A, BOLSON D C, et al.Effects of light wilting and heterolactic inoculant on the formation of volatile organic compounds, fermentative losses and aerobic stability of oat silage[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2019, 247:194-198.
[17] HARPER M T, OH J, GIALLONGO F, et al.Using brown midrib 6 dwarf forage sorghum silage and fall-grown oat silage in lactating dairy cow rations[J].Journal of Dairy Science, 2017, 100(7):5250-5265.  
[18] SILVA T B P, DEL VALLE T A, GHIZZI L G, et al.Partial replacement of corn silage with whole-plant soybean and black oat silages for dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science, 2021, 104(9):9842-9852.  
[19] WANG J, YANG B Y, ZHANG S J, et al.Using mixed silages of sweet sorghum and alfalfa in total mixed rations to improve growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass traits and meat quality of sheep[J].Animal, 2021, 15(7):100246.
[20] NIYIGENA V, COFFEY K P, COBLENTZ W K, et al.Intake, digestibility rumen fermentation and nitrogen balance in lambs offered alfalfa and tall fescue-mixtures harvested and ensiled after a frost[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2022, 286:115268.
[21] 王国栋, 董俊, 顾娴, 等.不同比例巨菌草青贮对肉羊生长性能的影响[J].饲料研究, 2021, 44(6):21-23. WANG G D, DONG J, GU X, et al.Effects of different proportion of pennisetum giganteum silage on growth performance of mutton sheep[J].Feed Research, 2021, 44(6):21-23.(in Chinese)
[22] 唐泽宇.紫花苜蓿与皇竹草混合青贮品质及对牛瘤胃体外发酵参数的影响[D].硕士学位论文.延吉:延边大学, 2019. TANG Z Y.Quality of mixed silage of alfalfa and rhizome on rumen fermentation parameters in vitro[D].Master's Thesis.Yanji:Yanbian University, 2019.(in Chinese)
[23] DONG L F, ZHANG H S, GAO Y H, et al.Dynamic profiles of fermentation characteristics and bacterial community composition of Broussonetia papyrifera ensiled with perennial ryegrass[J].Bioresource Technology, 2020, 310:123396.
[24] 何幼宽, 李鑫垚, 凌浩, 等.青贮构树对肉羊生长性能、养分表观消化率和肠道健康的影响[J].动物营养学报, 2021, 33(9):5131-5141. HE Y K, LI X Y, LING H, et al.Effects of broussonetia papyrifera silage on growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility and intestinal health of mutton goats[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2021, 33(9):5131-5141.(in Chinese)
[25] 胡张涛, 陈书礼, 倪洁, 等.青贮燕麦和发酵杂交构树对肉牛生长性能, 血清生化指标, 肉品质以及肌肉组织学特性的影响[J/OL].动物营养学报.(2022-03-19)[2022-04-11].http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.5461.S.20220317.1340.114.html. HU Z T, CHEN S L, NI J, et al.Effects of oat silage and fermented hybrid broussonetia papyrifera on growth performance, serum biochemical indices, meat quality and muscle histological characteristics of cattle[J/OL].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition.(2022-03-19)[2022-04-11].http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.5461.S.20220317.1340.114.html.(in Chinese)
[26] MU L, XIE Z, HU L X, et al.Cellulase interacts with Lactobacillus plantarum to affect chemical composition, bacterial communities, and aerobic stability in mixed silage of high-moisture amaranth and rice straw[J].Bioresource Technology, 2020, 315:123772.
[27] REZAEI J, ROUZBEHAN Y, ZAHEDIFAR M, et al.Effects of dietary substitution of maize silage by amaranth silage on feed intake, digestibility, microbial nitrogen, blood parameters, milk production and nitrogen retention in lactating Holstein cows[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2015, 202:32-41.
[28] ZHAO J, DONG Z H, CHEN L, et al.The replacement of whole-plant corn with bamboo shoot shell on the fermentation quality, chemical composition, aerobic stability and in vitro digestibility of total mixed ration silage[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2020, 259:114348.
[29] 唐文浩, 张养东, 郑楠, 等.苜蓿青贮品质评价研究进展[J/OL].动物营养学报.(2022-03-19)[2022-04-29].http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.5461.S.20220317.1143.068.html. TANG W H, ZHANG Y D, ZHENG N, et al.Advances in quality evaluation of alfalfa silage[J/OL].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition.(2022-03-19)[2022-04-09].http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.5461.S.20220317.1143.068.html. (in Chinese)
[30] 张养东, 杨军香, 王宗伟, 等. 青贮饲料理化品质评定研究进展[J].中国畜牧杂志, 2016, 52(12):37-42. ZHANG Y D, YANG J X, WANG Z W, et al.Progress assessment of chemical indicators of silage[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science, 2016, 52(12):37-42.(in Chinese)
[31] KUNG JR L, SHAVER R D, GRANT R J, et al.Silage review:interpretation of chemical, microbial, and organoleptic components of silages[J].Journal of Dairy Science, 2018, 101(5):4020-4033.  
[32] WANG M S, FRANCO M, CAI Y M, et al.Dynamics of fermentation profile and bacterial community of silage prepared with alfalfa, whole-plant corn and their mixture[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2020, 270:114702.
[33] GALLO A, FANCELLO F, GHILARDELLI F, et al.Effects of several commercial or pure lactic acid bacteria inoculants on fermentation and mycotoxin levels in high-moisture corn silage[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2022, 286:115256.
[34] NI K K, WANG F F, ZHU B G, et al.Effects of lactic acid bacteria and molasses additives on the microbial community and fermentation quality of soybean silage[J].Bioresource Technology, 2017, 238:706-715.
[35] 周晓康, 张男吉, 张洁, 等.甘蔗尾或甘蔗与构树叶混合青贮对其发酵品质的影响[J].动物营养学报, 2022, 34(1):516-532. ZHOU X K, ZHANG N J, ZHANG J, et al.Effects of mixed silage of sugarcane top or sugarcane and Broussonetia papyrifera leaf on its fermentation quailty[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2022, 34(1):516-532
[36] 冀红芹, 孟令楠, 于明, 等.青贮饲料的质量评价[J].现代畜牧兽医, 20216):92-96. JI H Q, MENG L N, YU M, et al.Quality evaluation of silages[J].Modern Journal of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2021(6):92-96.(in Chinese)
[37] ARRIOLA K G, OLIVEIRA A S, JIANG Y, et al.Meta-analysis of effects of inoculation with Lactobacillus buchneri, with or without other bacteria, on silage fermentation, aerobic stability, and performance of dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science, 2021, 104(7):7653-7670.  
[38] QUEIROZ O C M, OGUNADE I M, WEINBERG Z, et al.Silage review:foodborne pathogens in silage and their mitigation by silage additives[J].Journal of Dairy Science, 2018, 101(5):4132-4142.  
[39] REFAT B, CHRISTENSEN D A, MCKINNON J J, et al.Effect of fibrolytic enzymes on lactational performance, feeding behavior, and digestibility in high-producing dairy cows fed a barley silage-based diet[J].Journal of Dairy Science, 2018, 101(9):7971-7979.  
[40] GANDRA J R, MIRANDA G A, GOES R H T B, et al.Fibrolytic enzyme supplementation through ruminal bolus on eating behavior, nutrient digestibility and ruminal fermentation in Jersey heifers fed either corn silage-or sugarcane silage-based diets[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2017, 231:29-37.
[41] LIU Q H, LI X Y, DESTA S T, et al.Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and fibrolytic enzyme on the fermentation quality and in vitro digestibility of total mixed rations silage including rape straw[J].Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2016, 15(9):2087-2096.  
[42] GVNEY M, KALE Ç, TEMUR C, et al.The effects of molasses and pre-fermented lactic acid juice on silage quality and in vitro digestibility of sugar beet pulp+wheat straw silage[J].Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 2018, 27(11):7454-7459.
[43] WANG Y, CHEN X Y, WANG C, et al.The bacterial community and fermentation quality of mulberry (Morus alba) leaf silage with or without Lactobacillus casei and sucrose[J].Bioresource Technology, 2019, 293:122059.
[44] DU Z, SUN L, LIN Y, et al.Use of napier grass and rice straw hay as exogenous additive improves microbial community and fermentation quality of paper mulberry silage[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2022, 285:115219.
[45] 郭香, 陈德奎, 陈娜, 等.含水量和添加剂对黄梁木叶青贮发酵品质的影响[J].草业学报, 2021, 30(8):199-205. GUO X, CHEN D K, CHEN N, et al.Effect of moisture content and additives on the fermentation quality of Neolamarckia cadamba leaf silage[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(8):199-205.(in Chinese)
[46] WANG B, YU Z.Effects of moisture content and additives on the ensiling quality and vitamins changes of alfalfa silage with or without rain damage[J].Animal Science Journal, 2020, 91(1):e13379.
[47] CHEN L Y, BAI S Q, YOU M H, et al.Effect of a low temperature tolerant lactic acid bacteria inoculant on the fermentation quality and bacterial community of oat round bale silage[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2020, 269:114669.
[48] 赵娜, 樊启文, 魏金涛, 等.植物乳杆菌添加量对构树叶青贮品质的影响[J].动物营养学报, 2020, 32(5):2298-2305. ZHAO N, FAN Q W, WEI J T, et al.Effects of addition amount of Lactobacillus plantarum on quality of broussonetia papyrifera leaves silage[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2020, 32(5):2298-2305.(in Chinese)
[49] ARRIOLA K G, VYAS D, KIM D, et al.Effect of Lactobacillus hilgardii, Lactobacillus buchneri, or their combination on the fermentation and nutritive value of sorghum silage and corn silage[J].Journal of Dairy Science, 2021, 104(9):9664-9675.  
[50] HE L W, ZHOU W, WANG C, et al.Effect of cellulase and Lactobacillus casei on ensiling characteristics, chemical composition, antioxidant activity, and digestibility of mulberry leaf silage[J].Journal of Dairy Science, 2019, 102(11):9919-9931.  
[51] LYNCH J P, BAAH J, BEAUCHEMIN K A.Conservation, fiber digestibility, and nutritive value of corn harvested at 2 cutting heights and ensiled with fibrolytic enzymes, either alone or with a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant[J].Journal of Dairy Science, 2015, 98(2):1214-1224.  
[52] CHEN L, BAO X Y, GUO G, et al.Treatment of alfalfa silage with tannin acid at different levels modulates ensiling characteristics, methane mitigation, ruminal fermentation patterns and microbiota[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2021, 278:114997.
[53] XIE Y X, XU S Y, LI W Q, et al.Effects of the application of Lactobacillus plantarum inoculant and potassium sorbate on the fermentation quality, in vitro digestibility and aerobic stability of total mixed ration silage based on alfalfa silage[J].Animals, 2020, 10(12):2229.
[54] KE W C, DING W R, XU D M, et al.Effects of addition of malic or citric acids on fermentation quality and chemical characteristics of alfalfa silage[J].Journal of Dairy Science, 2017, 100(11):8958-8966.  
Outlines

/