1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验动物及饲养管理
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(干物质基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (DM basis)% |
| 项目 Items | 含量 Content |
|---|---|
| 原料 Ingredients | |
| 全株玉米青贮 Whole corn silage | 45.00 |
| 玉米淀粉 Corn starch | 21.00 |
| 玉米 Corn | 20.00 |
| 麦麸 Wheat bran | 5.00 |
| 豆粕 Soybean meal | 1.20 |
| 棕榈油粉 Palm oil powder | 5.00 |
| 碳酸钙 CaCO3 | 0.30 |
| 磷酸氢钙 CaHPO4 | 1.00 |
| 预混料 Premix1) | 1.00 |
| 食盐 NaCl | 0.50 |
| 合计 Total | 100.00 |
| 营养水平 Nutrient levels2) | |
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 7.70 |
| 中性洗涤纤维 NDF | 25.15 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF | 20.83 |
| 总钙 Total Ca | 0.32 |
| 总磷 Total P | 0.24 |
| 代谢能 ME/(MJ/kg) | 10.00 |
1)每千克预混料含有 One kilogram of the premix provided the following:Fe 1 320 mg,Zn 5 200 mg,Cu 3 000 mg,Mn 3 100 mg,I 125 mg,Se 100 mg,Co 72 mg,VA 1 750 IU,VE 300 mg。每千克饲粮添加600 mg的α-硫辛酸 added 600 mg α-lipoic acid per kilogram of the diet。 2)代谢能为计算值,其他为实测值。ME was a calculated value, while the others were measured values. |
1.3 试验方法
1.3.1 尼龙袋瘤胃降解试验
1.3.2 常规营养成分测定
1.3.3 瘤胃降解率计算
1.4 数据处理与统计
2 结果与分析
2.1 不同粗饲料常规营养成分含量
表2 不同粗饲料常规营养成分含量(干物质基础)Table 2 Contents of conventional nutrients in different roughage (DM basis)(n=16)% |
| 项目 Items | 干物质 DM | 粗脂肪 EE | 粗灰分 Ash | 粗蛋白质 CP | 中性洗涤纤维 NDF | 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 蚕豆糠(北部) Broad bean bran (northern) | 95.01±0.05ab | 1.95±0.02ef | 10.25±0.03cd | 14.85±0.03c | 40.86±0.05jk | 28.20±0.21gh |
| 苜蓿(北部) Alfalfa (northern) | 93.86±0.08bc | 1.93±0.05ef | 12.40±0.52a | 17.05±0.83ab | 43.67±0.76i | 27.58±0.62gh |
| 青稞秆(北部) Highland barley stalk (northern) | 94.97±0.45ab | 1.42±0.07fg | 5.46±0.06h | 12.23±0.13d | 63.68±0.16cd | 39.74±0.07de |
| 麦糠(北部) Wheat bran (northern) | 96.10±0.06a | 3.80±0.05a | 9.69±0.13de | 7.29±0.14ef | 57.67±0.20f | 47.83±0.07b |
| 玉米青贮(北部) Corn silage (northern) | 92.86±0.06cd | 3.03±0.06bc | 5.28±0.07hi | 8.17±0.26ef | 61.55±0.33de | 37.76±0.10e |
| 苜蓿(西部) Alfalfa (western) | 93.49±0.43cd | 2.24±0.05de | 10.14±0.15cd | 15.47±0.36bc | 46.59±0.74gh | 29.04±0.81g |
| 玉米青贮(西部) Corn silage (western) | 93.81±0.15bc | 2.24±0.19de | 6.66±0.18g | 6.43±0.35f | 69.43±0.48b | 38.30±0.27de |
| 蚕豆糠(西部) Broad bean bran (western) | 89.52±0.11e | 1.05±0.12g | 9.54±0.29def | 11.24±0.23d | 40.26±0.37k | 34.11±0.83f |
| 苜蓿(中部) Alfalfa (central) | 92.14±0.06d | 1.36±0.20fg | 11.33±0.23b | 16.11±0.30bc | 44.88±0.79hi | 23.22±0.25i |
| 玉米青贮(中部) Corn silage (central) | 92.88±0.41cd | 2.88±0.43bcd | 4.76±0.47hi | 8.58±0.36e | 65.29±0.59c | 40.70±1.35d |
| 麦糠(中部) Wheat bran (central) | 93.49±0.47cd | 3.25±0.23ab | 8.96±0.30ef | 8.23±0.27e | 59.07±0.49ef | 44.72±0.11c |
| 项目 Items | 干物质 DM | 粗脂肪 EE | 粗灰分 Ash | 粗蛋白质 CP | 中性洗涤纤维 NDF | 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF |
| 蚕豆糠(中部) Broad bean bran (central) | 89.13±0.58e | 0.19±0.06h | 8.62±0.15f | 10.94±0.80d | 43.02±0.80ij | 38.51±0.90de |
| 黑麦草(中部) Ryegrass (central) | 92.90±0.43cd | 3.20±0.30abc | 10.90±0.22bc | 18.23±1.20a | 43.55±1.04ij | 26.45±1.25h |
| 麦秸(中部) Wheat straw (central) | 93.82±1.32bc | 1.10±0.08g | 5.09±0.28hi | 3.70±0.14g | 72.84±1.55a | 56.68±0.11a |
| 苜蓿(南部) Alfalfa (southern) | 93.25±0.64cd | 2.55±0.17cde | 11.21±0.05b | 18.36±0.40a | 48.58±0.43g | 28.64±1.12gh |
| 玉米青贮(南部) Corn silage (southern) | 94.12±0.13bc | 2.55±0.26cde | 4.42±0.30i | 7.85±0.21ef | 62.36±1.10d | 38.37±0.29de |
同列数据肩标相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。 | |
In the same column, values with the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different letter superscripts mean significant difference(P<0.05). The same as |
2.2 不同粗饲料瘤胃降解特性
2.2.1 不同粗饲料不同时间点DM降解率及动态降解参数
表3 不同粗饲料不同时间点DM瘤胃降解率Table 3 Rumen degradation rate of DM in different roughage at different time points (n=16)% |
| 项目 Items | 时间 Time/h | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | 6 | 12 | 24 | 36 | 48 | 72 | |
| 蚕豆糠(北部) Broad bean bran (northern) | 43.34±0.96b | 55.21±2.94b | 68.54±3.82b | 76.82±2.59b | 80.40±0.74b | 81.14±0.55b | 82.98±0.72b |
| 苜蓿(北部) Alfalfa (northern) | 55.73±1.57a | 73.05±0.45a | 81.70±0.93a | 85.81±2.29a | 88.17±0.76a | 89.42±0.95a | 90.54±0.35a |
| 青稞秆(北部) Highland barley stalk (northern) | 30.81±1.20hi | 34.40±1.44h | 40.71±2.31ef | 49.25±4.67fg | 56.81±3.73efg | 64.71±2.46e | 68.33±3.12cde |
| 麦糠(北部) Wheat bran (northern) | 33.66±0.38efg | 37.35±1.04g | 38.92±0.86fg | 40.46±0.66hi | 41.18±0.57i | 42.38±0.22g | 43.95±0.58i |
| 项目 Items | 时间 Time/h | ||||||
| 2 | 6 | 12 | 24 | 36 | 48 | 72 | |
| 玉米青贮(北部) Corn silage (northern) | 31.34±1.04ghi | 34.82±1.51h | 40.82±2.78ef | 49.49±4.79fg | 56.97±3.82efg | 64.96±2.54e | 68.59±3.13cde |
| 苜蓿(西部) Alfalfa (western) | 27.47±1.18j | 33.42±0.86h | 38.44±1.62fg | 46.78±1.85gh | 54.87±2.91fgh | 58.75±1.30f | 61.78±1.53g |
| 玉米青贮(西部) Corn silage (western) | 30.81±1.20hi | 34.40±1.44h | 40.71±2.31ef | 49.25±4.67fg | 56.81±3.73efg | 64.71±2.46e | 68.33±3.12cde |
| 蚕豆糠(西部) Broad bean bran (western) | 33.15±1.42def | 38.35±0.55fg | 47.97±1.94d | 54.25±0.99ef | 60.36±3.03ef | 62.44±2.45e | 65.27±0.50ef |
| 苜蓿(中部) Alfalfa (central) | 34.56±1.82ef | 45.25±3.03c | 47.01±4.87d | 59.67±2.58cd | 64.52±4.93d | 68.96±3.75d | 70.85±1.23cd |
| 玉米青贮(中部) Corn silage (central) | 38.46±3.01cd | 42.83±2.15d | 49.95±1.87cd | 55.80±2.28de | 56.20±3.34efg | 62.52±1.89e | 69.18±3.52cd |
| 麦糠(中部) Wheat bran (central) | 25.00±1.91k | 27.07±0.99j | 29.54±1.36h | 36.25±3.00i | 40.51±2.67i | 44.13±3.98g | 48.32±4.38h |
| 蚕豆糠(中部) Broad bean bran (central) | 37.97±0.96cd | 41.84±0.59de | 53.08±5.15c | 60.47±5.06c | 67.93±2.61d | 69.39±1.90d | 70.98±2.34c |
| 黑麦草(中部) Ryegrass (central) | 38.87±1.38c | 46.47±1.30c | 52.48±1.36c | 64.41±2.53c | 74.14±3.65c | 77.48±3.25c | 83.12±3.01b |
| 麦秸(中部) Wheat straw (central) | 29.86±0.95ij | 31.19±1.65i | 40.34±2.29efg | 45.77±3.70gh | 53.75±2.71gh | 57.96±2.31f | 62.15±2.33fg |
| 苜蓿(南部) Alfalfa (southern) | 33.16±0.40fgh | 40.16±3.72ef | 50.69±4.30cd | 52.05±2.07ef | 60.31±5.69e | 62.57±3.99e | 67.54±1.06de |
| 玉米青贮(南部) Corn silage (southern) | 36.30±0.67cde | 42.07±2.58de | 43.11±2.07e | 51.78±2.02ef | 58.41±4.09ef | 63.44±1.64e | 69.42±1.93cd |
表4 不同粗饲料DM瘤胃降解参数Table 4 Rumen degradation parameters of DM in different roughage (n=16) |
| 项目 Items | 快速降解部分 a/% | 慢速降解部分 b/% | b的降解速率 c/(%/h) | 潜在降解部分 a+b/% | 有效降解率 ED/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 蚕豆糠(北部) Broad bean bran (northern) | 24.99±0.20h | 44.79±2.42c | 0.048±0.001cde | 70.26±1.96f | 52.20±1.79ef |
| 苜蓿(北部) Alfalfa (northern) | 37.33±1.49a | 43.30±1.95d | 0.077±0.003b | 81.11±0.78b | 68.20±0.47b |
| 青稞秆(北部) Highland barley stalk (northern) | 27.85±1.37f | 49.69±2.63b | 0.025±0.002g | 78.02±0.18c | 50.03±2.85g |
| 麦糠(北部) Wheat bran (northern) | 33.46±0.71c | 29.80±0.32i | 0.058±0.001c | 62.74±1.59i | 39.85±3.48i |
| 玉米青贮(北部) Corn silage (northern) | 28.37±2.52f | 49.88±0.71b | 0.024±0.001g | 78.73±0.98c | 50.14±2.56g |
| 苜蓿(西部) Alfalfa (western) | 24.97±1.02h | 40.77±2.65eg | 0.035±0.003efg | 66.22±3.10h | 46.59±0.78h |
| 玉米青贮(西部) Corn silage (western) | 27.85±3.15f | 49.69±3.41b | 0.025±0.002g | 78.02±0.23c | 50.03±0.54g |
| 蚕豆糠(西部) Broad bean bran (western) | 29.54±0.91e | 36.24±4.95g | 0.052±0.001cd | 66.26±0.47h | 52.24±3.50ef |
| 苜蓿(中部) Alfalfa (central) | 32.39±4.14d | 40.32±0.98e | 0.046±0.005cde | 73.19±2.22e | 56.48±1.23d |
| 玉米青贮(中部) Corn silage (central) | 34.82±3.28b | 38.43±1.71f | 0.025±0.002g | 73.73±4.55de | 51.98±0.11f |
| 麦糠(中部) Wheat bran (central) | 23.25±1.18i | 32.73±2.77h | 0.021±0.001g | 56.46±5.87k | 36.47±2.32k |
| 蚕豆糠(中部) Broad bean bran (central) | 19.75±2.32j | 37.64±1.84f | 0.032±0.001fg | 57.87±5.20j | 38.87±3.06j |
| 黑麦草(中部) Ryegrass (central) | 35.62±1.55b | 51.87±3.66a | 0.035±0.003efg | 87.97±1.06a | 63.13±1.55c |
| 麦秸(中部) Wheat straw (central) | 26.63±0.74g | 40.98±2.15e | 0.029±0.002g | 68.09±0.44g | 46.44±1.31h |
| 苜蓿(南部) Alfalfa (southern) | 31.72±4.38d | 36.16±1.35g | 0.044±0.001def | 68.36±1.34g | 52.93±0.14e |
| 玉米青贮(南部) Corn silage (southern) | 38.15±2.19a | 36.08±1.94g | 0.240±0.001a | 74.71±2.58d | 70.10±2.04a |
2.2.2 不同粗饲料不同时间点CP降解率及动态降解参数
表5 不同粗饲料不同时间点CP瘤胃降解率Table 5 Rumen degradation rate of CP in different roughage at different time points (n=16)% |
| 项目 Items | 时间 Time/h | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | 6 | 12 | 24 | 36 | 48 | 72 | ||
| 蚕豆糠(北部) Broad bean bran (northern) | 47.77±2.52d | 62.19±2.01c | 77.27±3.88b | 84.02±3.44b | 87.81±1.14b | 87.86±1.37b | 89.80±1.76b | |
| 苜蓿(北部) Alfalfa (northern) | 68.55±1.57a | 82.53±0.92a | 89.55±0.48a | 93.30±1.65a | 95.15±0.62a | 96.13±0.58a | 96.41±0.56a | |
| 项目 Items | 时间 Time/h | |||||||
| 2 | 6 | 12 | 24 | 36 | 48 | 72 | ||
| 青稞秆(北部) Highland barley stalk (northern) | 46.52±1.12d | 49.93±3.59e | 52.10±2.89f | 61.69±4.08e | 68.21±4.46e | 71.76±3.66eg | 76.30±2.36f | |
| 麦糠(北部) Wheat bran (northern) | 40.18±0.23ef | 41.90±0.45f | 44.58±0.39h | 47.45±0.35f | 49.40±0.41h | 51.95±0.59k | 53.50±0.44j | |
| 玉米青贮(北部) Corn silage (northern) | 31.56±0.71g | 41.84±1.21f | 52.49±1.05f | 60.77±0.75e | 62.80±0.72fg | 70.16±2.20fgh | 73.12±2.10g | |
| 苜蓿(西部) Alfalfa (western) | 7.55±0.23h | 11.58±0.43g | 15.24±1.32i | 28.13±1.30g | 42.16±0.80j | 50.59±0.46k | 60.93±1.40h | |
| 玉米青贮(西部) Corn silage (western) | 46.19±1.11d | 50.96±0.93e | 57.54±2.36e | 63.24±3.85e | 67.37±2.65e | 72.47±1.56ef | 74.93±1.93fg | |
| 蚕豆糠(西部) Broad bean bran (western) | 54.30±4.09c | 56.17±4.35d | 66.14±2.40d | 70.52±3.34d | 75.83±2.65d | 78.00±2.38d | 80.34±1.43e | |
| 苜蓿(中部) Alfalfa (central) | 59.13±1.46b | 68.61±2.44b | 70.87±2.31c | 77.99±1.32c | 83.23±2.98c | 85.11±1.05c | 86.84±0.84c | |
| 玉米青贮(中部) Corn silage (central) | 42.69±2.70e | 52.37±1.79e | 58.24±1.49e | 62.04±1.11e | 65.55±1.46f | 69.14±0.80ghij | 73.06±1.42g | |
| 麦糠(中部) Wheat bran (central) | 38.41±0.62f | 40.66±0.50f | 43.60±0.36h | 45.51±0.46f | 48.49±0.35i | 51.85±0.42k | 54.22±0.26i | |
| 蚕豆糠(中部) Broad bean bran (central) | 54.47±3.86c | 57.09±2.37d | 68.98±3.89c | 75.29±3.47c | 80.56±2.20c | 81.98±2.13c | 83.13±1.66d | |
| 黑麦草(中部) Ryegrass (central) | 31.12±2.64g | 41.02±2.68f | 48.57±3.18g | 62.46±5.72e | 75.22±3.29d | 79.07±3.67d | 85.25±3.23cd | |
| 麦秸(中部) Wheat straw (central) | 46.93±1.60d | 51.30±1.36e | 60.00±1.08e | 63.60±1.67e | 68.6±1.92e | 73.44±1.44e | 76.71±1.44f | |
| 苜蓿(南部) Alfalfa (southern) | 59.40±0.74b | 65.34±3.12b | 70.97±2.64c | 77.21±1.55c | 79.95±3.17c | 84.90±0.70c | 85.88±1.10c | |
| 玉米青贮(南部) Corn silage (southern) | 36.20±1.11e | 50.24±1.86e | 47.41±0.70e | 58.78±0.78e | 66.17±0.82f | 69.28±0.95ghi | 73.49±1.30g | |
表6 不同粗饲料CP瘤胃降解参数Table 6 Rumen degradation parameters of CP in different roughage (n=16) |
| 项目 Items | 快速降解部分 a/% | 慢速降解部分 b/% | b的降解速率 c/(%/h) | 潜在降解部分 a+b/% | 有效降解率 ED/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 蚕豆糠(北部) Broad bean bran (northern) | 36.86±1.24de | 51.76±4.95b | 0.117±0.004a | 87.80±0.98b | 77.78±0.61a |
| 苜蓿(北部) Alfalfa (northern) | 42.52±2.03b | 46.29±3.58c | 0.049±0.002d | 87.99±0.18b | 70.87±0.55b |
| 青稞秆(北部) Highland barley stalk (northern) | 22.25±1.69h | 38.68±0.85hi | 0.035±0.005f | 60.11±1.97gh | 42.76±1.79l |
| 麦糠(北部) Wheat bran (northern) | 39.37±3.64c | 16.11±1.77m | 0.029±0.004fg | 54.66±0.63k | 47.16±0.68i |
| 玉米青贮(北部) Corn silage (northern) | 18.78±1.94ij | 37.31±2.38j | 0.028±0.003fg | 55.27±0.47k | 36.49±0.55n |
| 苜蓿(西部) Alfalfa (western) | 33.47±2.65f | 40.75±5.36e | 0.014±0.001h | 73.40±3.25e | 61.70±1.38f |
| 玉米青贮(西部) Corn silage (western) | 21.42±2.03h | 40.39±4.93ef | 0.032±0.003fg | 60.99±5.06fg | 41.94±0.88m |
| 蚕豆糠(西部) Broad bean bran (western) | 50.82±1.96a | 30.42±1.77k | 0.047±0.002de | 80.42±1.03c | 69.15±0.03c |
| 苜蓿(中部) Alfalfa (central) | 36.12±1.15de | 39.85±2.36fg | 0.063±0.006c | 75.15±0.75d | 62.83±0.29e |
| 玉米青贮(中部) Corn silage (central) | 20.74±0.97hi | 39.71±1.15fg | 0.048±0.012d | 59.63±0.66hi | 44.87±1.38k |
| 麦糠(中部) Wheat bran (central) | 38.07±2.22cd | 21.26±1.32l | 0.021±0.003gh | 58.51±0.24i | 46.66±0.70j |
| 蚕豆糠(中部) Broad bean bran (central) | 38.07±0.88cd | 21.26±1.48l | 0.02±0.001gh | 58.51±1.36i | 46.41±0.33j |
| 黑麦草(中部) Ryegrass (central) | 27.17±0.37g | 63.06±3.50a | 0.036±0.003ef | 89.41±2.55a | 61.05±0.13g |
| 麦秸(中部) Wheat straw (central) | 18.43±1.96j | 44.50±2.56d | 0.075±0.004b | 62.11±0.12f | 49.92±0.18h |
| 苜蓿(南部) Alfalfa (southern) | 35.54±0.53e | 39.27±2.11gh | 0.079±0.014b | 73.99±4.21de | 63.74±0.41d |
| 玉米青贮(南部) Corn silage (southern) | 19.19±2.31ij | 38.18±1.98i | 0.025±0.002fgh | 56.55±3.08j | 36.23±0.61n |
2.2.3 不同粗饲料不同时间点NDF降解率及动态降解参数
表7 不同粗饲料不同时间点NDF瘤胃降解率Table 7 Rumen degradation rate of NDF in different roughage at different time points (n=16)% |
| 项目 Items | 时间 Time/h | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | 6 | 12 | 24 | 36 | 48 | 72 | |
| 蚕豆糠(北部) Broad bean bran (northern) | 36.34±1.09b | 50.23±3.29b | 65.15±4.05b | 74.94±3.01b | 78.09±0.83b | 78.91±0.73b | 81.06±0.74b |
| 苜蓿(北部) Alfalfa (northern) | 49.12±1.63a | 69.24±0.47a | 79.12±0.96a | 84.34±2.40a | 86.06±0.84a | 88.00±1.08a | 89.19±0.44a |
| 青稞秆(北部) Highland barley stalk (northern) | 12.63±1.10h | 16.74±1.97i | 25.97±2.94g | 42.36±5.19h | 52.07±3.30de | 54.79±2.87ef | 59.77±2.15ef |
| 麦糠(北部) Wheat bran (northern) | 25.95±0.35d | 30.87±1.07e | 33.04±0.93f | 34.70±0.66i | 35.30±0.69f | 37.90±0.42g | 38.64±0.35i |
| 玉米青贮(北部) Corn silage (northern) | 20.93±1.32f | 22.99±1.56h | 31.68±2.37f | 42.33±2.42h | 52.45±2.40de | 60.67±2.74cd | 64.17±3.54cd |
| 苜蓿(西部) Alfalfa (western) | 17.14±1.30g | 22.42±0.93h | 27.34±2.37g | 37.07±3.06i | 48.00±3.14e | 51.61±1.08f | 55.33±1.67g |
| 玉米青贮(西部) Corn silage (western) | 23.02±1.18ef | 27.44±1.3fg | 34.56±2.97f | 44.18±5.16h | 52.39±4.2de | 60.94±2.52cd | 65.07±3.23cd |
| 蚕豆糠(西部) Broad bean bran (western) | 23.34±1.28ef | 29.25±0.8ef | 40.97±2.30e | 46.03±2.94gh | 54.00±3.70d | 55.99±2.76e | 59.96±0.75ef |
| 苜蓿(中部) Alfalfa (central) | 24.48±2.30de | 35.58±3.32d | 41.47±4.02e | 54.58±2.88e | 60.35±4.70c | 63.59±3.52c | 66.85±1.47c |
| 玉米青贮(中部) Corn silage (central) | 30.71±3.58c | 36.30±2.13d | 44.13±2.08e | 50.37±2.88ef | 50.66±3.63de | 58.29±2.34de | 65.69±4.11cd |
| 麦糠(中部) Wheat bran (central) | 14.99±2.08g | 18.39±1.36i | 18.57±1.56h | 26.10±3.30j | 32.53±2.86f | 36.79±4.03g | 43.16±4.09h |
| 蚕豆糠(中部) Broad bean bran (central) | 26.48±0.18d | 30.50±0.18e | 51.82±1.74c | 59.37±0.58d | 61.29±3.27c | 63.10±2.14c | 64.83±2.57cd |
| 黑麦草(中部) Ryegrass (central) | 32.05±1.66c | 41.94±1.31c | 47.72±1.29d | 66.50±1.79c | 76.56±3.04b | 79.84±2.02b | 83.92±1.21b |
| 麦秸(中部) Wheat straw (central) | 23.15±1.11ef | 25.44±2.39g | 33.94±2.62f | 41.46±3.59h | 49.99±3.15ef | 54.85±2.74ef | 58.85±2.86f |
| 苜蓿(南部) Alfalfa (southern) | 22.46±0.60ef | 39.69±3.68c | 44.09±3.38e | 53.03±2.24ef | 58.36±5.22c | 61.94±4.46c | 65.01±1.30cd |
| 玉米青贮(南部) Corn silage (southern) | 26.49±1.18d | 34.94±2.30d | 42.03±2.28e | 48.71±2.54fg | 51.03±4.29e | 55.98±1.86e | 63.04±2.19de |
表8 不同粗饲料NDF瘤胃降解参数Table 8 Rumen degradation parameters of NDF in different roughage (n=16) |
| 项目 Items | 快速降解部分 a/% | 慢速降解部分 b/% | b的降解速率 c/(%/h) | 潜在降解部分 a+b/% | 有效降解率 ED/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 蚕豆糠(北部) Broad bean bran (northern) | 12.06±1.38k | 54.33±2.35c | 0.056±0.008c | 65.76±0.60e | 47.03±0.21e |
| 苜蓿(北部) Alfalfa (northern) | 36.80±2.21a | 40.89±2.12h | 0.084±0.002a | 77.06±1.13b | 66.67±1.29a |
| 青稞秆(北部) Highland barley stalk (northern) | 6.25±0.23m | 57.69±3.26b | 0.039±0.006defg | 63.31±0.70f | 38.39±1.00i |
| 麦糠(北部) Wheat bran (northern) | 12.89±1.21j | 20.88±1.21k | 0.040±0.014defg | 33.14±2.26j | 24.65±1.12k |
| 玉米青贮(北部) Corn silage (northern) | 16.06±1.43h | 57.96±3.55b | 0.027±0.005fgh | 73.39±0.32c | 43.04±0.28g |
| 苜蓿(西部) Alfalfa (western) | 13.78±1.52i | 47.73±2.38d | 0.031±0.003efgh | 60.88±0.47g | 37.65±0.23i |
| 玉米青贮(西部) Corn silage (western) | 19.84±1.78f | 54.61±2.65c | 0.026±0.001gh | 73.82±0.78c | 44.75±0.07f |
| 蚕豆糠(西部) Broad bean bran (western) | 4.30±0.24o | 39.92±1.98i | 0.033±0.002efgh | 43.59±1.22i | 24.88±0.37k |
| 苜蓿(中部) Alfalfa (central) | 20.87±2.31e | 46.77±2.14e | 0.052±0.016cd | 67.01±2.65e | 50.17±1.38c |
| 玉米青贮(中部) Corn silage (central) | 30.75±2.56b | 40.98±1.55h | 0.024±0.004h | 71.10±0.87d | 48.63±1.24d |
| 麦糠(中部) Wheat bran (central) | 9.58±0.87l | 17.64±1.21l | 0.041±0.005def | 26.59±1.96k | 19.63±0.66l |
| 蚕豆糠(中部) Broad bean bran (central) | 4.95±0.42n | 46.11±2.68e | 0.037±0.006efgh | 50.43±0.12h | 30.04±3.54j |
| 黑麦草(中部) Ryegrass (central) | 26.67±2.31c | 61.00±3.74a | 0.043±0.008cde | 87.04±0.09a | 62.12±1.03b |
| 麦秸(中部) Wheat straw (central) | 19.54±1.44g | 45.20±2.51f | 0.030±0.002efgh | 64.11±1.51f | 41.77±0.61h |
| 苜蓿(南部) Alfalfa (southern) | 19.95±1.32f | 43.53±2.17g | 0.069±0.007b | 62.85±2.05f | 49.99±0.24c |
| 玉米青贮(南部) Corn silage (southern) | 26.15±1.89d | 37.74±2.21j | 0.036±0.005efgh | 63.26±0.84f | 46.43±1.27e |
2.2.4 不同粗饲料不同时间点ADF降解率及动态降解参数
表9 不同粗饲料不同时间点ADF瘤胃降解率Table 9 Rumen degradation rate of ADF in different roughage at different time points (n=16)% |
| 项目 Items | 时间 Time/h | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | 6 | 12 | 24 | 36 | 48 | 72 | |
| 蚕豆糠(北部) Broad bean bran (northern) | 35.15±1.11b | 48.33±3.41b | 63.84±4.20b | 73.73±3.15b | 77.45±0.85b | 78.66±0.74b | 80.55±0.76b |
| 苜蓿(北部) Alfalfa (northern) | 47.91±1.67a | 68.71±0.48a | 78.22±1.00a | 83.21±2.57a | 85.90±0.85a | 87.30±1.14a | 88.68±0.46a |
| 青稞秆(北部) Highland barley stalk (northern) | 12.82±1.09jk | 17.36±1.96hi | 24.25±3.01h | 38.18±5.57h | 51.68±3.32d | 53.93±2.93efgh | 58.94±2.19ef |
| 麦糠(北部) Wheat bran (northern) | 23.41±0.36de | 28.50±1.11e | 30.75±0.96f | 32.47±0.69ij | 33.08±0.71f | 35.77±0.44j | 36.54±0.36j |
| 玉米青贮(北部) Corn silage (northern) | 15.17±1.41ij | 20.29±1.62g | 27.74±3.33fgh | 39.24±5.74gh | 48.91±4.42d | 57.75±2.94de | 61.72±3.78de |
| 苜蓿(西部) Alfalfa (western) | 17.03±1.30hi | 19.06±1.42gh | 25.92±2.42gh | 30.73±3.37jk | 42.63±3.47e | 46.27±1.20i | 50.40±1.85h |
| 玉米青贮(西部) Corn silage (western) | 21.69±1.30def | 24.15±1.54f | 30.21±3.21fg | 41.21±5.55fgh | 49.36±4.38d | 59.30±2.83cd | 62.52±3.70cde |
| 蚕豆糠(西部) Broad bean bran (western) | 18.06±1.37ghi | 26.44±0.83ef | 36.37±2.48de | 40.13±3.27fgh | 48.62±4.13d | 50.80±3.08gh | 54.38±0.85g |
| 苜蓿(中部) Alfalfa (central) | 23.57±6.52de | 31.84±3.51d | 38.25±4.24cd | 51.09±3.10d | 57.47±5.04c | 61.89±3.69c | 65.03±1.55cd |
| 玉米青贮(中部) Corn silage (central) | 28.97±3.66c | 34.01±2.21cd | 35.45±2.41de | 44.38±3.23efg | 47.85±3.83d | 54.44±2.55efg | 63.51±4.37cd |
| 麦糠(中部) Wheat bran (central) | 11.28±2.17k | 15.00±1.41i | 18.10±1.57i | 25.61±3.32k | 30.53±2.94f | 31.28±4.38k | 40.03±4.32i |
| 蚕豆糠(中部) Broad bean bran (central) | 25.09±0.18d | 27.65±0.19e | 38.68±7.02cd | 47.13±6.58de | 56.93±3.64c | 57.52±2.47de | 59.30±2.97ef |
| 黑麦草(中部) Ryegrass (central) | 24.08±1.85de | 35.13±1.47c | 41.60±1.44c | 62.57±1.99c | 73.81±3.40b | 77.48±2.26b | 82.04±1.35b |
| 麦秸(中部) Wheat straw (central) | 20.97±1.14efg | 24.10±2.43f | 31.73±2.71ef | 36.81±3.87hi | 47.27±3.33d | 50.23±3.02h | 57.40±2.96fg |
| 苜蓿(南部) Alfalfa (southern) | 19.81±0.63fgh | 28.35±3.89e | 36.22±3.57de | 47.65±2.41de | 51.67±5.60d | 56.54±4.67def | 63.20±1.37cd |
| 玉米青贮(南部) Corn silage (southern) | 32.25±1.79b | 33.95±0.58cd | 39.57±2.67cd | 45.58±2.42def | 50.22±3.18d | 53.27±1.55fgh | 66.14±1.14c |
表10 不同粗饲料ADF瘤胃降解参数Table 10 Rumen degradation parameters of ADF in different roughage (n=16) |
| 项目 Items | 快速降解部分 a/% | 慢速降解部分 b/% | b的降解速率 c/(%/h) | 潜在降解部分 a+b/% | 有效降解率 ED/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 蚕豆糠(北部) Broad bean bran (northern) | 11.56±1.65h | 53.83±3.37g | 0.034±0.002de | 65.94±2.53fg | 39.72±0.92g |
| 苜蓿(北部) Alfalfa (northern) | 20.85±3.93b | 56.26±4.50f | 0.079±0.001a | 77.66±1.32c | 61.25±1.78a |
| 青稞秆(北部) Highland barley stalk (northern) | 7.35±0.82j | 58.08±2.95d | 0.034±0.001de | 65.98±1.71fg | 37.73±0.76i |
| 麦糠(北部) Wheat bran (northern) | 6.35±1.12k | 25.14±1.63n | 0.045±0.004bc | 32.04±1.65l | 21.24±0.31m |
| 玉米青贮(北部) Corn silage (northern) | 11.29±1.75i | 59.76±5.51b | 0.028±0.016f | 71.60±2.03e | 39.65±0.64g |
| 苜蓿(西部) Alfalfa (western) | 13.88±2.38g | 45.63±2.12j | 0.024±0.005f | 60.06±0.28h | 33.79±0.52k |
| 玉米青贮(西部) Corn silage (western) | 17.54±3.93e | 57.49±1.58e | 0.023±0.008f | 75.58±0.36d | 42.03±1.44e |
| 蚕豆糠(西部) Broad bean bran (western) | 15.58±1.68f | 38.94±2.11m | 0.051±0.004b | 55.07±0.47i | 39.80±1.23g |
| 苜蓿(中部) Alfalfa (central) | 5.79±0.35l | 41.23±2.50k | 0.076±0.003a | 47.57±1.85j | 35.07±2.41j |
| 玉米青贮(中部) Corn silage (central) | 28.62±4.21a | 67.88±3.22a | 0.010±0.016g | 87.05±1.66a | 45.18±1.01c |
| 麦糠(中部) Wheat bran (central) | 2.85±1.20n | 12.60±0.65o | 0.047±0.004b | 15.48±1.25m | 16.42±1.54n |
| 蚕豆糠(中部) Broad bean bran (central) | 4.35±0.65m | 40.28±2.31l | 0.036±0.006cde | 45.16±2.33k | 25.98±2.36l |
| 黑麦草(中部) Ryegrass (central) | 18.07±2.32d | 68.15±1.24a | 0.043±0.001bcd | 86.77±0.54b | 57.67±0.33b |
| 麦秸(中部) Wheat straw (central) | 18.71±1.66c | 48.12±1.51h | 0.023±0.002f | 67.38±1.37f | 39.21±2.51h |
| 苜蓿(南部) Alfalfa (southern) | 17.31±1.27e | 47.10±1.22i | 0.041±0.003bcd | 64.96±0.74g | 44.13±1.11d |
| 玉米青贮(南部) Corn silage (southern) | 13.64±1.23g | 58.78±3.25c | 0.027±0.018ef | 72.97±0.62e | 41.00±1.09f |
2.3 利用常规营养成分建立预测模型
表11 饲料常规营养成分ED与营养成分含量的预测模型建立Table 11 Establishment of prediction model of conventional nutrient ED and content in feed |
| 变量 Variables | 预测模型 Prediction model | 决定系数 R2 | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| ED(CP)、CP、NDF和EE ED(CP), CP, NDF and EE | ED(CP)=67.903+2.086CP-0.545NDF-3.379EE | 0.901 | <0.000 1 |
| ED(ADF)和ADF ED(ADF) and ADF | ED(ADF)=47.815-0.575ADF | 0.843 | <0.000 1 |
| ED(NDF)和ADF ED(NDF) and ADF | ED(NDF)=50.205-0.484ADF | 0.804 | <0.000 1 |
| ED(DM)和ED(CP) ED(DM) and ED(CP) | ED(DM)=25.515+0.380ED(CP) | 0.744 | <0.000 1 |
| ED(DM)、CP、ADF和NDF ED(DM), CP, ADF and NDF | ED(DM)=52.646+0.593CP-0.109NDF-0.203ADF | 0.714 | <0.000 1 |
ED(DM)、ED(CP)、ED(ADF)和ED(NDF)分别表示DM、CP、ADF和NDF的有效降解率。 | |
ED(DM), ED(CP), ED(ADF) and ED(NDF) represented the effective degradation rates of DM, CP, ADF and NDF, respectively. |
