1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验饲粮
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (air-dry basis)% |
| 项目 Items | 含量 Content |
|---|---|
| 原料 Ingredients | |
| 玉米 Corn | 20.00 |
| 麦麸 Wheat bran | 16.00 |
| 豆粕 Soybean meal | 12.00 |
| 棉籽粕 Cottonseed meal | 2.00 |
| 菜籽粕 Rapeseed meal | 3.00 |
| 玉米胚芽粕 Corn germ meal | 7.00 |
| 苜蓿草粉 Alfalfa meal | 5.00 |
| 葵花皮 Sunflower skin | 31.00 |
| 预混料 Premix1) | 4.00 |
| 合计 Total | 100.00 |
| 营养水平 Nutrient levels2) | |
| 消化能 DE/(MJ/kg) | 9.67 |
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 16.30 |
| 中性洗涤纤维 NDF | 44.12 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF | 24.80 |
| 酸性洗涤木质素 ADL | 5.50 |
| 粗灰分 Ash | 6.86 |
| 淀粉 Starch | 10.40 |
| 赖氨酸 Lys | 0.86 |
| 蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸 Met+Cys | 0.62 |
| 钙 Ca | 1.10 |
| 磷 P | 0.53 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供The premix provided the following per kg of the diet:VA 6 000 IU,VD3 950 IU,VE 40 mg,赖氨酸 Lys 2.5 g,蛋氨酸 Met 1.8 g,Cu (as copper sulfate) 10 mg,Fe (as ferrous sulfate) 50 mg,Mn (as manganese sulfate) 8.0 mg,Zn (as zinc sulfate) 50 mg,CaHPO4 25 000 mg,NaCl 4 000 mg。 2)消化能为计算值,其余为实测值。DE was a calculated value, while the others were measured values. |
1.3 试验设计
1.4 指标测定
1.4.1 生产性能(生长性能、屠宰性能)
1.4.2 养分表观消化率
1.4.3 血清生化指标和免疫器官指数
1.4.4 毛皮品质
1.5 数据统计分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 “复合酶+柠檬酸+二甲酸钾”组合添加剂对獭兔生产性能的影响
表2 “复合酶+柠檬酸+二甲酸钾”组合添加剂对獭兔生长性能的影响Table 2 Effects of “complex enzyme+citric acid+potassium dicarboxylate” combined additives on growth performance of Rex rabbits |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 高剂量组 High dose group | 中剂量组 Medium dose group | 低剂量组 Low dose group | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 始重 IBW/g | 1 013.59±131.15 | 1 022.68±121.10 | 1 015.00±127.88 | 1 012.33±124.07 | 0.982 4 |
| 末重 FBW/g | 2 057.31±175.05 | 2 074.76±158.46 | 2 107.39±146.66 | 2 120.12±153.59 | 0.249 4 |
| 平均日采食量 ADFI/(g/d) | 98.78±2.12 | 98.66±2.74 | 99.08±3.31 | 98.59±1.56 | 0.073 0 |
| 平均日增重 ADG/(g/d) | 18.31±2.11b | 18.46±2.17ab | 19.17±2.59ab | 19.44±2.18a | 0.045 7 |
| 料重比 F/G | 5.46±0.64a | 5.42±0.64a | 5.26±0.72ab | 5.13±0.53b | 0.032 3 |
| 死亡率 Mortality rate/% | 21.57 | 17.65 | 13.73 | 7.84 | 0.254 0 |
同行数据肩标不同大写字母表示差异极显著(P<0.01),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同小写字母或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。 | |
In the same row, values with different capital letter superscripts represented extremely significant difference (P<0.01), and with different small letter superscripts represented significant differences (P<0.05), while the same small letter or no letter superscripts represented no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as |
表3 “复合酶+柠檬酸+二甲酸钾”组合添加剂对獭兔屠宰性能的影响Table 3 Effects of “complex enzyme+citric acid+potassium dicarboxylate” combined additives on slaughter performance of Rex rabbits |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 高剂量组 High dose group | 中剂量组 Medium dose group | 低剂量组 Low dose group | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 宰前活重 Live weight before slaughter/g | 2 058.33±90.20 | 2 166.67±125.68 | 2 100.83±95.99 | 2 204.00±102.19 | 0.375 9 |
| 胴体重 Carcass weight/g | 1 090.83±71.95ab | 1 128.33±56.10ab | 1 083.33±86.63b | 1 246.00±73.94a | 0.041 8 |
| 半净膛屠宰率 Semi-eviscerated dressing rate/% | 61.14±1.55ab | 60.88±2.34ab | 60.43±1.89b | 63.20±1.40a | 0.039 9 |
| 全净膛屠宰率 Full-eviscerated dressing ratio/% | 52.59±1.28ab | 52.15±2.60ab | 51.86±2.06b | 54.45±1.66a | 0.037 4 |
2.2 “复合酶+柠檬酸+二甲酸钾”组合添加剂对獭兔养分表观消化率的影响
表4 “复合酶+柠檬酸+二甲酸钾”组合添加剂对獭兔养分表观消化率的影响Table 4 Effects of “complex enzyme+citric acid+potassium dicarboxylate” combined additives on nutrient apparent digestibilities of Rex rabbits% |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 高剂量组 High dose group | 中剂量组 Medium dose group | 低剂量组 Low dose group | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 干物质 DM | 53.15±3.61 | 53.32±1.79 | 52.18±1.31 | 50.61±1.75 | 0.352 3 |
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 69.53±4.56b | 71.14±3.96ab | 71.93±3.69ab | 77.78±2.97a | 0.030 0 |
| 淀粉 Starch | 97.63±1.42 | 96.75±2.90 | 98.55±1.32 | 98.87±1.37 | 0.382 3 |
| 粗脂肪 EE | 85.54±2.73b | 87.32±1.56ab | 88.31±1.87ab | 90.32±2.48a | 0.040 5 |
| 粗灰分 Ash | 46.23±2.33 | 47.32±3.69 | 45.76±1.58 | 46.57±3.95 | 0.864 6 |
| 中性洗涤纤维 NDF | 43.09±2.24 | 42.75±2.80 | 44.09±1.20 | 42.27±2.19 | 0.701 5 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF | 15.86±2.16 | 16.46±2.11 | 17.40±1.61 | 17.77±1.52 | 0.603 0 |
2.3 “复合酶+柠檬酸+二甲酸钾”组合添加剂对獭兔血清生化指标和免疫器官指数的影响
表5 “复合酶+柠檬酸+二甲酸钾”组合添加剂对獭兔血清生化指标的影响Table 5 Effects of “complex enzyme+citric acid+potassium dicarboxylate” combined additives on serum biochemical indexes of Rex rabbits |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 高剂量组 High dose group | 中剂量组 Medium dose group | 低剂量组 Low dose group | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 总胆固醇 T-CHO/(mmol/L) | 1.31±0.29 | 1.39±0.53 | 1.33±0.46 | 1.41±0.51 | 0.724 5 |
| 甘油三酯 TG/(mmol/L) | 0.80±0.28ab | 0.80±0.16ab | 1.15±0.33a | 0.73±0.30b | 0.031 1 |
| 无机磷 IP/(mmol/L) | 3.61±0.32 | 3.64±0.49 | 3.61±0.35 | 3.57±0.42 | 0.994 3 |
| 葡萄糖 GLU/(mmol/L) | 6.17±0.56b | 6.70±0.71ab | 7.70±0.92a | 7.53±1.83ab | 0.042 8 |
| 钙 Ca/(mmol/L) | 3.19±0.21ABab | 3.30±0.17Aa | 2.99±0.12Bb | 3.04±0.09ABb | 0.001 1 |
| 尿素氮 UN/(mmol/L) | 2.70±0.44Bb | 5.15±1.00Aa | 5.09±1.22Aa | 5.51±0.84Aa | 0.000 1 |
| 肌酐 CREA/(μmol/L) | 71.48±13.22 | 86.54±16.41 | 84.60±17.97 | 98.62±29.51 | 0.250 6 |
| 总蛋白 TP/(g/L) | 60.78±3.77 | 29.16±3.19 | 57.64±4.85 | 59.30±5.75 | 0.750 6 |
| 白蛋白 ALB/(g/L) | 45.76±3.11 | 45.42±2.18 | 42.84±4.08 | 43.54±1.69 | 0.343 8 |
| 高密度脂蛋白 HDL/(mmol/L) | 124.72±32.29 | 115.70±49.81 | 117.72±42.50 | 93.45±43.14 | 0.395 9 |
| 低密度脂蛋白 LDL/(mmol/L) | 3.80±1.35ABab | 3.97±1.50ABab | 5.07±1.69Aa | 2.92±1.35Bb | 0.000 4 |
表6 “复合酶+柠檬酸+二甲酸钾”组合添加剂对獭兔免疫器官指数的影响Table 6 Effects of “complex enzyme+citric acid+potassium dicarboxylate” combined additives on immune organ indexes of Rex rabbitsg/kg |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 高剂量组 High dose group | 中剂量组 Medium dose group | 低剂量组 Low dose group | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 胸腺指数 Thymus index | 1.85±0.31 | 1.89±0.65 | 1.97±1.09 | 1.99±0.32 | 0.557 1 |
| 脾脏指数 Spleen index | 0.52±0.09 | 0.49±0.11 | 0.58±0.13 | 0.60±0.15 | 0.469 0 |
| 圆小囊指数 Sacculus rotundus index | 1.32±0.29 | 1.34±0.45 | 1.36±0.48 | 1.37±0.30 | 0.997 9 |
2.4 “复合酶+柠檬酸+二甲酸钾”组合添加剂对獭兔毛皮品质的影响
表7 “复合酶+柠檬酸+二甲酸钾”组合添加剂对獭兔毛皮品质的影响Table 7 Effects of “complex enzyme+citric acid+potassium dicarboxylate” combined additives on fur quality of Rex rabbits |
| 项目 Items | 被毛长度 Hair length/cm | 被毛密度 Hair density/(根/cm2) | 臀部皮张厚度 Pelt thickness in buttock/mm | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 肩部 Shoulder | 臀部 Buttock | 腹部 Belly | 肩部 Shoulder | 臀部 Buttock | 腹部 Belly | |||
| 对照组 Control group | 1.55 ±0.07Bb | 1.67 ±0.06BCbc | 1.49 ±0.16Bb | 7 882.81 ±665.31Bb | 15 585.94 ±727.04 | 4 570.31 ±198.79 | 1.60 ±0.10Bb | |
| 高剂量组 High dose group | 1.54 ±0.11Bb | 1.67 ±0.13Cc | 1.48 ±0.04Bb | 8 101.56 ±406.25Bb | 15 945.31 ±886.20 | 4 632.81 ±290.36 | 1.65 ±0.21Bb | |
| 中剂量组 Medium dose group | 1.67 ±0.08Aa | 1.78 ±0.09BCb | 1.67 ±0.09Aa | 8 312.50 ±463.23ABab | 16 046.88 ±637.17 | 4 710.94 ±394.54 | 1.71 ±0.26Bb | |
| 低剂量组 Low dose group | 1.75 ±0.07Aa | 1.91 ±0.07Aa | 1.68 ±0.15Aa | 8 773.44 ±794.80Aa | 16 093.75 ±697.47 | 4 742.19 ±393.88 | 1.90 ±0.10Aa | |
| P值 P-value | <0.000 1 | <0.000 1 | <0.000 1 | <0.001 0 | 0.215 3 | 0.453 2 | <0.000 1 | |
同列数据肩标不同大写字母表示差异极显著(P<0.01),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同小写字母或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。 | |
In the same column, values with different capital letter superscripts represented extremely significant difference (P<0.01), and with different small letter superscripts represented significant differences (P<0.05), while the same small letter or no letter superscripts represented no significant difference (P>0.05). |
