1 材料与方法
1.1 试验设计及试验饲粮
1.2 样品采集
1.3 体重及相关指标计算
1.4 糖耐受测定
1.5 肠道菌群分析
1.6 数据统计
2 结果与分析
2.1 体重变化
表1 体重变化Table 1 Weight changeg |
| 时间 Time | 组别 Groups | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CT | CI | CH | CHI | OT | OI | OH | OHI | |
| 第0天 Day 0 | 23.42±2.17b | 23.42±1.34b | 22.54±1.58b | 23.10±1.64b | 37.42±1.36a | 40.60±2.48a | 39.38±3.34a | 40.42±6.36a |
| 第6天 Day 6 | 25.10±1.92b | 25.72±0.48b | 23.66±1.40b | 24.36±1.60b | 40.46±1.08a | 43.70±2.86a | 41.04±3.91a | 41.83±5.45a |
| 第12天 Day 12 | 26.30±2.02bc | 26.48±1.24b | 24.00±1.18bc | 22.50±1.50c | 42.46±1.17a | 44.98±2.80a | 42.46±3.89a | 42.02±5.16a |
| 第18天 Day 18 | 26.62±1.93b | 27.12±1.34b | 24.22±1.23b | 25.32±1.44b | 42.60±1.09a | 45.33±2.99a | 44.00±3.79a | 44.38±5.44a |
| 第24天 Day 24 | 26.90±2.12b | 27.24±1.30b | 24.42±1.34b | 26.40±1.60b | 43.44±1.12a | 46.42±2.78a | 45.78±3.83a | 46.85±5.43a |
| 第30天 Day 30 | 28.38±2.18b | 28.52±1.21b | 27.50±1.82b | 26.26±1.54b | 46.28±1.14a | 50.22±4.54a | 49.14±3.72a | 50.93±5.38a |
| 第36天 Day 36 | 29.28±2.08b | 30.28±1.30b | 27.56±1.38b | 28.50±1.64b | 48.06±1.15a | 51.12±3.48a | 51.04±3.71a | 53.50±5.56a |
| 第42天 Day 42 | 29.46±2.27bc | 30.28±1.25b | 26.94±1.13c | 28.48±1.48bc | 48.94±1.56a | 51.68±3.43a | 52.20±4.18a | 55.43±5.62a |
| 时间 Time | 组别 Groups | |||||||
| CT | CI | CH | CHI | OT | OI | OH | OHI | |
| 第48天 Day 48 | 30.22±2.51bc | 31.48±1.50b | 27.70±1.32c | 29.42±1.48bc | 50.32±1.94a | 52.85±3.73a | 54.06±4.31a | 56.05±5.74a |
| 第54天 Day 54 | 28.82±4.06bc | 31.34±1.35b | 27.26±0.47c | 29.50±1.41bc | 51.84±1.85a | 54.02±3.90a | 54.30±4.88a | 57.03±6.04a |
| 第60天 Day 60 | 30.72±1.99b | 32.28±1.59b | 28.90±1.21b | 30.50±1.82b | 51.10±4.98a | 53.98±3.66a | 56.66±4.75a | 58.37±5.88a |
同行数据肩标相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。 | |
In the same row, values with the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). |
2.2 体重增长率与肥胖相关指标
表2 体重增长率与肥胖相关指标Table 2 Body weight growth rate and obesity related indexes |
| 组别 Groups | Lee’s指数 Lee’s index | 脂肪系数 Fat coefficient | 肝重比 Liver to weight ratio | 体重增长率 Body weight growth rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 野生型 Wide type | ||||
| CT | 0.36±0.02c | 0.10±0.03e | 0.49±0.05de | 23.68±10.51b |
| CH | 0.35±0.02cd | 0.24±0.05d | 0.53±0.02d | 27.64±7.24b |
| CI | 0.36±0.01c | 0.09±0.01e | 0.45±0.05e | 32.29±7.56ab |
| CHI | 0.34±0.08d | 0.31±0.05bcd | 0.49±0.03de | 24.38±7.92b |
| Leptin基因敲除 Leptin gene knockout | ||||
| OT | 0.39±0.01ab | 0.40±0.08ab | 0.64±0.04bc | 34.18±5.91ab |
| OH | 0.40±0.00ab | 0.30±0.26cd | 0.69±0.04ab | 41.88±8.66a |
| OI | 0.38±0.01b | 0.42±0.10a | 0.62±0.01c | 27.48±9.66b |
| OHI | 0.41±0.01a | 0.35±0.11abc | 0.72±0.09a | 40.01±7.41a |
同列数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same column, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. |
表3 体重增长率与肥胖相关指标多因素方差分析(P值)Table 3 Multivariate variance analysis of body weight growth rate and obesity related indexes (P-value) |
| 处理 Treatments | Lee’s指数 Lee’s index | 脂肪系数 Fat coefficient | 肝重比 Liver to weight ratio | 体重增长率 Body weight growth rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leptin基因敲除 Leptin gene knockout | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.01 |
| 高脂饲粮 High fat diet | 0.87 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.12 |
| 短链菊粉 Short chain inulin | 0.76 | 0.16 | 0.26 | 0.75 |
| Leptin基因敲除×高脂饲粮Leptin gene knockout×high fat diet | 0.01 | <0.01 | 0.36 | 0.24 |
| Leptin基因敲除×短链菊粉Leptin gene knockout×short chain inulin | 0.69 | 0.92 | 0.17 | 0.18 |
| 高脂饲粮×短链菊粉High fat diet×short inulin | 0.16 | 0.23 | 0.47 | 0.49 |
| Leptin基因敲除×高脂饲粮×短链菊粉 Leptin gene knockout×high fat diet×short chain inulin | 0.12 | 0.55 | 0.43 | 0.11 |
2.3 糖耐受测定
表4 葡萄糖耐受测定Table 4 Test of glucose tolerance |
| 项目 Items | 血清葡萄糖含量 Serum glucose content/(mmol/L) | 曲线下面积 AUC | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 min | 15 min | 30 min | 60 min | 120 min | ||
| 组别 Groups | ||||||
| 野生型 Wild type | ||||||
| CT | 4.64±0.45d | 21.62±4.02 | 17.18±3.35c | 13.34±1.92bcd | 8.78±3.34cd | 58.85±9.20c |
| CI | 4.84±0.57cd | 24.92±3.50 | 16.18±1.76c | 11.10±1.97cd | 6.22±0.54d | 57.73±7.02c |
| CH | 4.82±1.45cd | 25.86±4.15 | 24.34±6.99ab | 19.06±2.59ab | 9.94±2.34bcd | 76.64±9.00ab |
| CHI | 6.84±1.31bc | 26.42±3.28 | 25.72±4.98a | 20.76±5.27a | 11.14±4.34abcd | 81.89±7.47a |
| Leptin基因敲除 Leptin gene knockout | ||||||
| OT | 5.96±1.21cd | 22.96±1.52 | 17.54±4.25c | 7.40±1.19d | 7.22±0.83cd | 54.49±5.42c |
| OI | 5.20±0.61cd | 21.38±5.21 | 19.38±5.12bc | 13.93±7.86bc | 12.22±6.73abc | 63.41±18.06bc |
| OH | 8.24±2.84ab | 22.34±4.44 | 25.18±3.52ab | 19.74±5.29ab | 14.54±4.71ab | 78.65±8.39a |
| OHI | 9.27±2.87a | 26.03±5.38 | 24.47±6.63ab | 22.63±7.92a | 15.53±6.40a | 85.53±19.81a |
| P值 P-value | ||||||
| Leptin基因敲除× 高脂饲粮×短链菊粉 Leptin gene knockout× high fat diet×short chain inulin | 0.58 | |||||
2.4 盲肠微生物分析
2.4.1 盲肠微生物alpha分析
表5 盲肠微生物菌群alpha多样性Table 5 Alpha diversity of cecal microflora |
| 组别 Groups | Sobs指数 Sobs index | Shannon指数 Shannon index | Simpson指数 Simpson index | Chao1指数 Chao1 index |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 野生型 Wild type | ||||
| CT | 428.83±29.89a | 4.25±0.21a | 0.04±0.01c | 486.35±43.78a |
| CI | 240.67±27.54c | 3.50±0.10b | 0.07±0.01bc | 302.88±37.64c |
| CH | 221.33±20.96cd | 2.92±0.38cd | 0.13±0.08b | 296.82±40.82c |
| CHI | 193.67±22.29d | 2.45±0.44e | 0.25±0.13a | 253.05±34.52c |
| Leptin基因敲除 Leptin gene knockout | ||||
| OT | 351.67±27.28b | 4.16±0.19a | 0.03±0.01c | 396.68±25.58b |
| OI | 232.00±48.00cd | 2.93±0.50cd | 0.15±0.08b | 281.06±51.54c |
| OH | 216.33±30.68cd | 3.15±0.30bc | 0.10±0.03bc | 267.43±40.59c |
| OHI | 191.17±39.46d | 2.71±0.34de | 0.14±0.05b | 262.23±77.70c |
2.4.2 盲肠微生物在门水平和属水平的分析
图1 门和属水平盲肠微生物菌群相对丰度A:野生型组门水平 wild-type groups at phylum level;B:Leptin基因敲除组门水平 Leptin gene knockout groups at phylum level;C:野生型组属水平 wild-type groups at genus level;D:Leptin基因敲除组属水平 Leptin gene knockout groups at genus level。 Firmicutes:厚壁菌门;Actinobacteriota:放线菌门;Bacteroidota:拟杆菌门;Desurfobacterota:脱硫杆菌门;Verrucomicrobiota:疣微菌门;Patescibacteria:巴氏杆菌门;Proteobacteria:变形菌门;unclassified_k_norank_d_Bacteria:未分类K_norank_d_细菌门;Campilobacterota:弯曲杆菌门;Cyanobacteria蓝菌门;Deferribacterota:脱硫杆菌门;Fusobacteriota:梭杆菌门;Chioroflexi:绿弯菌门;Bifidobacterium:双歧杆菌属;Faecalibaculum:粪杆菌属;unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae:未分类毛螺菌科;Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group:毛螺菌科_NK4A136群;Lactobacillus:乳酸杆菌属;Ileibacterium:回肠杆菌属;Dubosiella:杜博西拉属;Lachnospiraceae_UCG-006:毛螺菌科_UCG-006;Coriobacteriaceae_UCG-002:红蝽菌科_UCG-002; Desulfovibrio:脱硫弧菌属;norank_f _Lachnospiraceae:未命名毛螺菌科;norank_f_norank_o_Clostridia_UCG-014:未命名梭菌纲_UCG-014属; Lachnoclostridium:拉克氏梭状芽孢杆菌属;Romboutsia:罗姆布茨菌属;Blautia:布劳特氏菌属;Allobaculum:异芽孢杆菌属;Alloprevotella:异普氏菌属;norank_f_Erysipelotrichaceae:未命名丹毒丝菌科;Bacteroides:拟杆菌属;norank_f_Desulfovibrionaceae:未命名脱硫弧菌科;unclassified_f_Prevotellaceae:未分类普雷沃氏菌科;norank_f_Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group:未命名真杆菌_产粪甾醇真细菌群;Muribaculum:鼠杆状细菌属;other:其他。 Fig.1 Relative abundance of cecal microbiota at phylum and genus levels |
2.4.3 盲肠微生物条件性致病菌相对丰度的分析
图2 盲肠条件性致病菌肠球菌属和大肠杆菌-志贺菌属相对丰度A:野生型组 wild-type groups;B:Leptin基因敲除组 Leptin gene knockout groups。 *表示P<0.05,**表示P<0.01,***表示P<0.001。 Fig.2 Relative abundance of cecal pathogenic bacteria Enterococcus and Escherichia-Shigella |
表6 属水平菌群多因素方差分析(P值)Table 6 Multivariate analysis of variance of genus level microflora (P-value) |
| 处理 Treatments | 乳酸杆菌属 Lactobacillus | 双歧杆菌属 Bifidobacterium | 布劳特氏菌属 Blautia | 肠球菌属 Enterococcus | 大肠杆菌-志贺菌属 Escherichia-Shigella |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leptin基因敲除 Leptin gene knockout | <0.01 | 0.71 | 0.26 | 0.03 | 0.30 |
| 高脂饲粮 High fat diet | 0.86 | 0.65 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.11 |
| 短链菊粉 Short chain inulin | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.17 | 0.64 | 0.67 |
| Leptin基因敲除×高脂饲粮 Leptin gene knockout×high fat diet | 0.61 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.03 | 0.86 |
| Leptin基因敲除×短链菊粉 Leptin gene knockout×short chain inulin | 0.18 | <0.01 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.07 |
| 高脂饲粮×短链菊粉 High fat diet×short chain inulin | 0.01 | <0.01 | 0.19 | 0.64 | 0.10 |
| Leptin基因敲除×高脂饲粮×短链菊粉 Leptin gene knockout×high fat diet× short chain inulin | 0.45 | <0.01 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.01 |
2.4.4 菌群与表型关联性
图3 菌属与血清葡萄糖含量、体重增长率、脂肪系数、肝重比和Lee’s指数相关性Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group:毛螺菌科_NK4A136_群;norank_f_norank_o_Clostridia_UCG-014:未命名梭菌纲_UCG-014属;norank_f_Muribaculaceae:未命名穆里巴库莱科;Ileibacterium:回肠杆菌属;Lactobacillus:乳酸杆菌属;Lachnospiraceae_UCG-006:毛螺菌科_UCG-006;Enterorhabdus:肠杆菌属;norank_f_Desulfovibrionaceae:未命名脱硫弧菌科;Romboutsia:罗姆布茨菌属;unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae:未分类毛螺菌科;Desulfovibrio:脱硫弧菌属;norank_f _Lachnospiraceae:未命名的毛螺菌科;Blautia:布劳特氏菌属;Faecalibaculum:粪杆菌属;Lachnoclostridium:拉克氏梭状芽孢杆菌属;Dubosilla:杜博西拉属;Bifidobacterium:双歧杆菌属;Coriobacteriaceae_UCG-002:红蝽菌科_UCG-002;norank_f_Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group:未命名真杆菌_产粪甾醇真细菌群。 Serum glucose:血清葡萄糖;Body weight growth rate:体重增长率;Fat coefficient:脂肪系数;Liver to weight ratio:肝重比;Lee’s index:Lee’s指数。 Fig.3 Correlation between bacteria and serum glucose content, body weight growth rate, fat coefficient, liver to weight ratio and Lee’s index |
