1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验设计和饲养管理
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of basal diets (air-dry basis)% |
| 项目 Items | 饲粮CP水平 Dietary CP levels/% | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 14.5 | 15.5 | 16.5 | |
| 原料 Ingredients | |||
| 玉米 Corn | 65.17 | 63.24 | 61.30 |
| 豆粕 Soybean meal | 19.90 | 22.61 | 25.33 |
| 油粉 Oil powder | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 贝壳粉 Shell powder | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 |
| 小麦麸 Wheat bran | 1.93 | 1.15 | 0.37 |
| 预混料 Premix1) | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 |
| 合计 Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
| 营养水平 Nutrient levels2) | |||
| 代谢能 Metabolic energy/(MJ/kg) | 11.33 | 11.33 | 11.33 |
| 粗蛋白质 Crude protein | 14.50 | 15.50 | 16.50 |
| 蛋氨酸 Methionine | 0.36 | 0.37 | 0.37 |
| 赖氨酸 Lysine | 0.74 | 0.76 | 0.77 |
| 苏氨酸 Threonine | 0.57 | 0.60 | 0.61 |
| 色氨酸 Tryptophan | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.18 |
| 半胱氨酸 Cysteine | 0.24 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
| 异亮氨酸 Isoleucine | 0.54 | 0.57 | 0.61 |
| 钙 Calcium | 3.60 | 3.60 | 3.60 |
| 有效磷 Available phosphorus | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.32 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kilogram of diets:VA 7 000 IU,VD3 2 500 IU,VE 15 IU,VK3 2.5 mg,VB1 1.5 mg,VB2 5.1 mg,VB6 4 mg,烟酸 niacin 35 mg,叶酸 folic acid 1 mg,泛酸 pantothenic acid 12 mg,Mn 62.5 mg,Zn 60 mg,Fe 70 mg,Cu 10 mg,I 1 mg,Se 0.5 mg,NaCl 3 g。 2)营养水平均为计算值。Nutrient levels were all calculated values. |
表2 试验设计Table 2 Experiment design |
| 组别 Groups | 饲粮CP水平 Dietary CP levels/% | 唾液乳杆菌SNK-6添加水平 Lactobacillus salivarius SNK-6 supplemental levels/(CFU/kg) |
|---|---|---|
| Ⅰ | 14.5 | 0 |
| Ⅱ | 14.5 | 2×108 |
| Ⅲ | 15.5 | 0 |
| Ⅳ | 15.5 | 2×108 |
| Ⅴ | 16.5 | 0 |
| Ⅵ | 16.5 | 2×108 |
1.3 指标测定及方法
1.3.1 生产性能和蛋品质测定
1.3.2 血清生化、抗氧化和免疫指标测定
1.3.3 肠道组织形态和盲肠分泌型免疫球蛋白A含量(sIgA)测定
1.4 数据统计分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 唾液乳杆菌SNK-6和饲粮CP水平对汶上芦花鸡生产性能的影响
表3 唾液乳杆菌SNK-6和饲粮CP水平对汶上芦花鸡生产性能的影响Table 3 Effects of Lactobacillus salivarius SNK-6 and dietary CP levels on performance of Wenshang Luhua chickens |
| 项目 Items | 平均日采食量 Average daily feed intake/ (g/d) | 产蛋率 Laying rate/% | 平均蛋重 Average egg weight/g | 料蛋比 Feed/egg | 不合格蛋率 Unqualified egg ratio/% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 组别 Groups | ||||||
| Ⅰ | 95.69±0.37e | 54.98±2.42c | 49.72±4.37 | 3.53±0.46 | 0.31±0.12 | |
| Ⅱ | 96.49±0.50d | 57.93±2.16bc | 48.51±4.56 | 3.46±0.44 | 0.22±0.11 | |
| Ⅲ | 96.97±0.41cd | 60.39±2.22ab | 50.03±4.56 | 3.24±0.40 | 0.32±0.12 | |
| Ⅳ | 97.75±0.36ab | 63.10±2.31a | 48.70±4.12 | 3.20±0.38 | 0.18±0.06 | |
| Ⅴ | 97.51±0.39bc | 61.59±2.37ab | 51.37±5.11 | 3.11±0.42 | 0.29±0.10 | |
| Ⅵ | 98.33±0.46a | 63.94±2.01a | 50.33±4.37 | 3.08±0.35 | 0.26±0.06 | |
| 主效应分析 Main effect analysis | ||||||
| 饲粮CP水平 Dietary CP levels/% | 14.5 | 96.09±0.59b | 56.46±2.61b | 49.12±4.37 | 3.50±0.40 | 0.27±0.11 |
| 15.5 | 97.36±0.55a | 61.74±2.51a | 49.37±3.95 | 3.22±0.35 | 0.25±0.12 | |
| 16.5 | 97.92±0.59a | 62.77±2.35a | 50.85±4.29 | 3.10±0.35 | 0.27±0.08 | |
| 唾液乳杆菌SNK-6添加水平 Lactobacillus salivarius SNK-6 supplemental levels/(CFU/kg) | 0 | 96.72±0.88 | 58.99±3.66 | 50.37±4.13 | 3.29±0.41 | 0.31±0.10 |
| 2×108 | 97.52±0.90 | 61.66±3.38 | 49.18±3.87 | 3.25±0.38 | 0.22±0.08 | |
| P值 P-value | ||||||
| 饲粮CP水平 Dietary CP level | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.498 | 0.092 | 0.753 | |
| 唾液乳杆菌SNK-6 Lactobacillus salivarius SNK-6 | 0.074 | 0.128 | 0.536 | 0.815 | 0.057 | |
| 饲粮CP水平×唾液乳杆菌 SNK-6 Dietary CP level×Lactobacillus salivarius SNK-6 | 0.001 | 0.003 | 0.970 | 0.692 | 0.503 | |
同列数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),无字母或相同小写字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same column, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with no letter or the same small letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 唾液乳杆菌SNK-6和饲粮CP水平对汶上芦花鸡蛋品质的影响
表4 唾液乳杆菌SNK-6和饲粮CP水平对汶上芦花鸡蛋品质的影响Table 4 Effects of Lactobacillus salivarius SNK-6 and dietary CP levels on egg quality of Wenshang Luhua chickens |
| 项目 Items | 蛋重 Egg weight/g | 蛋形指数 Egg shape index | 蛋壳颜色 Egg shell color | 蛋壳强度 Eggshell hardness/ (kg/cm2) | 蛋壳厚度 Egg shell thickness/ mm | 蛋壳比例 Egg shell ratio/% | 蛋黄比例 Egg yolk ratio/% | 蛋黄颜色 Yolk color | 蛋白高度 Albumen height/mm | 哈氏单位 Haugh unit | 浓稀蛋清比 Thick white/ thin white/% | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 组别 Groups | |||||||||||||
| Ⅰ | 49.70 ±4.14 | 1.33 ±0.05 | 56.07 ±6.26 | 4.28 ±0.67 | 40.79 ±3.37 | 11.31 ±1.18 | 34.06 ±2.08 | 5.51 ±1.13 | 4.41 ±0.43 | 69.05 ±10.29 | 1.66 ±0.59 | ||
| Ⅱ | 48.78 ±3.37 | 1.32 ±0.03 | 54.18 ±6.08 | 4.98 ±0.67 | 41.79 ±3.32 | 11.62 ±1.14 | 34.86 ±2.21 | 5.54 ±2.40 | 4.43 ±1.03 | 72.29 ±12.00 | 1.74 ±0.67 | ||
| Ⅲ | 49.98 ±3.30 | 1.31 ±0.05 | 59.94 ±7.00 | 4.18 ±0.69 | 38.86 ±3.64 | 10.87 ±1.00 | 33.96 ±2.30 | 7.58 ±1.28 | 4.73 ±0.93 | 70.13 ±10.27 | 1.97 ±0.64 | ||
| Ⅳ | 49.10 ±0.96 | 1.34 ±0.04 | 50.98 ±6.28 | 4.76 ±0.72 | 39.93 ±3.54 | 9.96 ±11.21 | 34.89 ±2.39 | 7.62 ±2.54 | 4.76 ±1.10 | 73.70 ±14.30 | 2.07 ±0.08 | ||
| Ⅴ | 51.59 ±4.76 | 1.33 ±0.04 | 54.21 ±4.90 | 4.22 ±0.93 | 39.39 ±2.85 | 10.91 ±0.87 | 33.06 ±1.89 | 8.16 ±1.40 | 5.26 ±0.92 | 75.92 ±10.18 | 1.62 ±0.49 | ||
| Ⅵ | 50.71 ±3.59 | 1.32 ±0.04 | 52.39 ±5.88 | 4.91 ±0.61 | 40.32 ±3.10 | 11.19 ±0.03 | 33.83 ±2.03 | 8.18 ±2.26 | 5.67 ±0.96 | 78.83 ±9.70 | 1.68 ±0.54 | ||
| 主效应分析 Main effect analysis | |||||||||||||
| 饲粮CP水平 Dietary CP levels/% | 14.5 | 49.24 ±3.41 | 1.33 ±0.04 | 55.13 ±5.62 | 4.63 ±0.71 | 41.29 ±3.04 | 11.47 ±1.05 | 34.46 ±1.97 | 5.53 ±1.68b | 4.42 ±0.71 | 70.67 ±10.15 | 1.70 ±0.57 | |
| 15.5 | 49.54 ±2.23 | 1.33 ±0.04 | 55.46 ±7.71 | 4.47 ±0.71 | 39.40 ±3.26 | 11.04 ±1.03 | 34.43 ±2.16 | 7.60 ±1.80b | 4.75 ±0.91 | 71.92 ±11.31 | 2.02 ±0.41 | ||
| 16.5 | 51.15 ±3.80 | 1.33 ±0.04 | 53.30 ±4.94 | 4.56 ±0.80 | 39.86 ±2.71 | 11.05 ±0.87 | 33.45 ±1.80 | 8.17 ±1.68a | 5.52 ±0.86 | 77.38 ±9.03 | 1.65 ±0.46 | ||
| 唾液乳杆菌SNK-6添加水平 Lactobacillus salivarius SNK-6 supplemental levels/(CFU/kg) | 0 | 50.42 ±3.67 | 1.32 ±0.04 | 56.74 ±5.87 | 4.22 ±0.67b | 39.68 ±2.99 | 11.03 ±0.91 | 33.69 ±1.88 | 7.08 ±1.64 | 4.83 ±0.81 | 71.70 ±9.43 | 1.75 ±0.53 | |
| 2×108 | 49.53 ±2.66 | 1.33 ±0.33 | 52.52 ±5.45 | 4.88 ±0.58a | 40.68 ±3.00 | 11.34 ±1.01 | 34.53 ±1.99 | 7.11 ±2.40 | 4.95 ±1.05 | 74.94 ±10.93 | 1.83 ±0.47 | ||
| 项目 Items | 蛋重 Egg weight/g | 蛋形指数 Egg shape index | 蛋壳颜色 Egg shell color | 蛋壳强度 Eggshell hardness/ (kg/cm2) | 蛋壳厚度 Egg shell thickness/ mm | 蛋壳比例 Egg shell ratio/% | 蛋黄比例 Egg yolk ratio/% | 蛋黄颜色 Yolk color | 蛋白高度 Albumen height/mm | 哈氏单位 Haugh unit | 浓稀蛋清比 Thick white/ thin white/% | ||
| P值 P-value | |||||||||||||
| 饲粮CP水平 Dietary CP level | 0.345 | 0.945 | 0.576 | 0.729 | 0.318 | 0.490 | 0.414 | 0.042 | 0.096 | 0.298 | 0.228 | ||
| 唾液乳杆菌SNK-6 Lactobacillus salivarius SNK-6 | 0.563 | 0.901 | 0.133 | 0.042 | 0.489 | 0.505 | 0.374 | 0.976 | 0.789 | 0.510 | 0.738 | ||
| 饲粮CP水平×唾液乳杆菌 SNK-6 Dietary CP level×Lactobacillus salivarius SNK-6 | 0.396 | 0.491 | 0.130 | 0.242 | 0.345 | 0.456 | 0.364 | 0.150 | 0.155 | 0.352 | 0.371 | ||
2.3 唾液乳杆菌SNK-6和饲粮CP水平对汶上芦花鸡血清生化指标的影响
表5 唾液乳杆菌SNK-6和饲粮CP水平对汶上芦花鸡血清生化指标的影响Table 5 Effects of Lactobacillus salivarius SNK-6 and dietary CP levels on serum biochemical indices of Wenshang Luhua chickens |
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2.4 唾液乳杆菌SNK-6和饲粮CP水平对汶上芦花鸡血清抗氧化指标的影响
表6 唾液乳杆菌SNK-6和饲粮CP水平对汶上芦花鸡血清抗氧化指标的影响Table 6 Effects of Lactobacillus salivarius SNK-6 and dietary CP levels on serum antioxidant indices of Wenshang Luhua chickens |
| 项目 Items | 总抗氧化能力 T-AOC/ (U/mL) | 谷胱甘肽过 氧化物酶 GSH-Px/(U/mL) | 过氧化氢酶 CAT/ (U/mL) | 超氧化物 歧化酶 SOD/(U/mL) | 丙二醛 MDA/ (nmol/mL) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 组别 Groups | ||||||
| Ⅰ | 6.03±1.02 | 429.95±69.51 | 3.35±0.18 | 247.76±18.95 | 6.55±1.15 | |
| Ⅱ | 6.53±0.82 | 434.39±58.27 | 3.53±0.23 | 258.67±17.26 | 5.74±1.35 | |
| Ⅲ | 7.02±1.17 | 433.71±61.18 | 3.39±0.11 | 266.51±21.39 | 6.31±0.91 | |
| Ⅳ | 7.29±1.21 | 438.51±55.33 | 3.67±0.26 | 271.57±19.81 | 5.50±0.83 | |
| Ⅴ | 7.20±0.75 | 443.86±62.85 | 3.54±0.13 | 268.19±16.50 | 6.28±1.22 | |
| Ⅵ | 7.39±0.92 | 440.92±66.16 | 3.75±0.20 | 276.26±20.70 | 5.41±1.09 | |
| 主效应分析 Main effect analysis | ||||||
| 饲粮CP水平 Dietary CP levels/% | 14.5 | 6.28±0.87 | 432.17±57.42 | 3.44±0.21 | 253.22±17.28 | 6.15±1.21 |
| 15.5 | 7.16±1.07 | 436.11±52.24 | 3.53±0.24 | 269.04±18.65 | 5.91±0.90 | |
| 16.5 | 7.30±0.76 | 442.39±57.74 | 3.65±0.19 | 272.23±17.32 | 5.85±1.14 | |
| 唾液乳杆菌SNK-6添加水平 Lactobacillus salivarius SNK-6 supplemental levels/(CFU/kg) | 0 | 6.75±1.02 | 435.84±56.30 | 3.43±0.15b | 260.82±19.20 | 6.38±0.96 |
| 2×108 | 7.07±0.95 | 437.94±52.12 | 3.65±0.22a | 268.83±18.49 | 5.55±0.97 | |
| P值 P-value | ||||||
| 饲粮CP水平 Dietary CP level | 0.147 | 0.768 | 0.133 | 0.174 | 0.658 | |
| 唾液乳杆菌SNK-6 Lactobacillus salivarius SNK-6 | 0.502 | 0.936 | 0.024 | 0.381 | 0.088 | |
| 饲粮CP水平×唾液乳杆菌SNK-6 Dietary CP level×Lactobacillus salivarius SNK-6 | 0.156 | 0.807 | 0.161 | 0.126 | 0.274 | |
2.5 唾液乳杆菌SNK-6和饲粮CP水平对汶上芦花鸡血清免疫指标和盲肠sIgA含量的影响
表7 唾液乳杆菌SNK-6和饲粮CP水平对汶上芦花鸡血清免疫指标和盲肠sIgA含量的影响Table 7 Effects of Lactobacillus salivarius SNK-6 and dietary CP levels on serum immune indices and cecal sIgA content of Wenshang Luhua chickens |
| 项目 Items | 白细胞 介素-1β IL-1β/ (pg/mL) | 白细胞 介素-6 IL-6/ (pg/mL) | 干扰素-α INF-α/ (pg/mL) | 干扰素-β INF-β/ (pg/mL) | 免疫球 蛋白A IgA/(μg/mL) | 免疫球 蛋白G IgG/(μg/mL) | 免疫球 蛋白M IgM/(ng/mL) | 分泌型免 疫球蛋白A sIgA/(μg/g) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 组别 Groups | |||||||||
| Ⅰ | 6.80±0.90 | 73.21±6.19 | 71.22±7.98 | 50.26±13.86 | 8.04±1.13 | 0.96±0.29b | 66.06±12.56 | 15.16±1.73c | |
| Ⅱ | 6.69±1.16 | 78.66±5.83 | 73.86±7.36 | 48.41±11.73 | 8.62±1.09 | 1.37±0.35ab | 68.17±12.73 | 18.33±1.56b | |
| Ⅲ | 7.26±0.51 | 74.54±4.92 | 78.37±7.81 | 56.91±10.25 | 9.01±1.15 | 1.30±0.24ab | 70.31±12.14 | 18.86±1.92b | |
| Ⅳ | 7.63±0.98 | 80.07±6.01 | 81.04±7.35 | 57.37±14.19 | 9.57±1.11 | 1.77±0.17a | 73.04±12.36 | 22.38±1.77a | |
| Ⅴ | 7.19±1.07 | 79.52±5.41 | 81.17±7.64 | 55.85±12.37 | 9.19±1.06 | 1.48±0.33a | 71.05±12.80 | 19.26±1.69b | |
| Ⅵ | 7.58±0.83 | 84.06±7.58 | 86.32±7.11 | 58.43±9.83 | 9.77±1.14 | 1.79±0.20a | 76.41±12.09 | 22.49±1.26a | |
| 主效应分析 Main effect analysis | |||||||||
| 饲粮CP水平 Dietary CP levels/% | 14.5 | 6.75±0.93 | 75.94±6.15 | 72.54±7.02b | 49.34±11.53 | 8.33±1.04 | 1.17±0.36 | 67.12±11.37 | 16.75±2.28b |
| 15.5 | 7.45±0.73 | 77.31±5.77 | 79.71±6.94ab | 57.14±11.07 | 9.29±1.06 | 1.54±0.32 | 71.68±11.06 | 20.62±2.54a | |
| 16.5 | 7.39±0.88 | 81.79±6.39 | 83.75±7.18a | 57.14±10.09 | 9.48±1.03 | 1.64±0.30 | 73.73±11.52 | 20.88±2.22a | |
| 唾液乳杆菌SNK-6添加水平 Lactobacillus salivarius SNK-6 supplemental levels/(CFU/kg) | 0 | 7.08±0.77 | 75.76±5.59 | 76.92±8.09 | 54.34±11.05 | 8.75±1.10 | 1.25±0.34b | 69.14±11.08 | 17.76±2.49b |
| 2×108 | 7.30±0.98 | 80.93±6.15 | 80.41±8.31 | 54.74±11.47 | 9.32±1.10 | 1.64±0.30a | 72.54±11.32 | 21.07±2.45a | |
| P值 P-value | |||||||||
| 饲粮CP水平 Dietary CP level | 0.196 | 0.135 | 0.043 | 0.258 | 0.089 | 0.060 | 0.352 | 0.013 | |
| 唾液乳杆菌SNK-6 Lactobacillus salivarius SNK-6 | 0.610 | 0.080 | 0.381 | 0.941 | 0.286 | 0.018 | 0.529 | 0.012 | |
| 饲粮CP水平×唾液乳杆菌SNK-6 Dietary CP level×Lactobacillus salivarius SNK-6 | 0.337 | 0.335 | 0.241 | 0.337 | 0.111 | 0.023 | 0.373 | 0.001 | |
2.6 唾液乳杆菌SNK-6和饲粮CP水平对汶上芦花鸡肠道组织形态的影响
表8 唾液乳杆菌SNK-6和饲粮CP水平对汶上芦花鸡肠道组织形态的影响Table 8 Effects of Lactobacillus salivarius SNK-6 and dietary CP levels on intestinal tissue morphology of Wenshang Luhua chickens |
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