REVIEW

Biological Functions of Pogostemon cablin and Its Application in Livestock Production

  • KANG Libo ,
  • LI Yi ,
  • DENG Hongda ,
  • SONG Xiaozhen , *
Expand
  • Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Nutritional Feed Development and Research Center, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
*professor, E-mail:

Received date: 2022-09-06

  Online published: 2023-03-16

Abstract

Pogostemon cablin, also known as wrinkled gianthyssop herb, is a traditional medicine homologous for food plant in China. Its stems and leaves have the effects of aromatizing turbidity, appetizing stomach and antiemetic, and releasing heatstroke. It is a commonly used Chinese medicine for digestive diseases and heatstroke. Patchouli oil is the main medicinal part of Pogostemon cablin, and plays an important role in promoting gastrointestinal peristalsis, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-stress. In recent years, it has been widely studied in animal husbandry. This paper reviewed the biological functions of Pogostemon cablin and its application in livestock production, aiming to provide some theoretical reference for the development and application of Pogostemon cablin as a green feed additive in livestock production.

Cite this article

KANG Libo , LI Yi , DENG Hongda , SONG Xiaozhen . Biological Functions of Pogostemon cablin and Its Application in Livestock Production[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2023 , 35(3) : 1468 -1474 . DOI: 10.12418/CJAN2023.139

植物源中草药以其药理作用机制特殊、无害、无残留、无污染、无耐药性等特性,在饲用抗生素替代品的研究和应用上被广泛开展。广藿香(Pogostemon cablin)又名藿香,是我国传统药食同源植物,其茎叶具有抗炎抑菌、芳香化浊、祛暑解表等作用,常用于暑湿时令和消化系统疾病。广藿香的主要药用部分是广藿香油(patchouli oil),其有效成分为广藿香醇(patchouli alcohol)和广藿香酮(pogostone),广藿香醇是《中国药典》规定的用于评价广藿香药材及广藿香油质量的指标成分。研究发现,广藿香油具有抗炎[1]、抗氧化[2]、胃肠道保护活性[3]、改善免疫反应[4]等功能。另有报道表明,由广藿香、苍术、黄柏等组配而得的复方制剂可缓解畜禽热应激,提高养分消化率,改善动物生产性能[5-6]。这提示,广藿香油及其组配的复方在畜禽养殖减抗替抗上具有广阔的应用前景。本文综述了广藿香的性质、生物学功能以及国内外有关广藿香及其提取物在畜牧生产中的应用进展,旨在为药食同源植物广藿香在畜牧生产中的开发和应用提供一定的参考。

1 广藿香的化学成分及性质

广藿香是唇形科刺蕊草属植物,其地上部分可供药用,有和中止呕、芳香化浊、解表散邪的作用,主要用于脾胃吐逆、暑湿倦怠、寒湿闭暑及预治流感。广藿香主产于广东省和海南省,按产地特点包括广州市郊的“石牌藿香”、高要地区的“高要藿香”、海南岛地区的“海藿香”以及湛江的“湛江藿香”。研究表明,广藿香中含有多种化学物质,包括单萜类化合物、植物甾醇、类黄酮、有机酸、木质素、三萜类化合物、糖苷、醇类、倍半萜类化合物、吡喃酮和醛,其主要药用部分为广藿香油,有效成分包括广藿香醇、广藿香酮。其中,广藿香醇(C15H26O)又称百秋里醇,其含量是鉴定广藿香质量的指标。广藿香醇是一种半萜类化合物,分子质量约为222 Da,具有抗病毒、抗菌及调节免疫等作用,进入机体后会在消化道酸性环境下进行代谢,代谢产物为β-广藿香烯。此外,有研究指出,广藿香醇通过激活孕烷X受体(PXR)并抑制核因子-κB(NF-κB)活性和核易位改善葡聚糖硫酸钠盐(DSS)引起的溃疡性结肠炎,具有保护胃肠道的效果[7]。广藿香酮(C12H16O4)属于内酯类化合物,但其分子结构中也存在半萜结构,因此也可归类于半萜类化合物,其分子质量约为224Da,研究表明,广藿香酮具有抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化和胃保护等多种生物活性。广藿香主要化学成分及结构见表1
表1 广藿香主要化学成分及结构

Table 1 Main chemical components and structure of Pogostemon cablin

化学名称
Chemical
name
化学式
Formula
分子结构
Molecular
structure
化学名称
Chemical
name
化学式
Formula
分子结构
Molecular
structure
挥发性成分 Volatile components 非挥发性成分 Non-volatile components
广藿香醇
Patchouli alcohol
C15H26O 藿香黄酮醇
Pachypodol
C18H16O7
β-广藿香烯
β-patchoulene
C15H24 雷杜辛黄酮醇
Retusine
C19H18O7
环氧广藿香烯
Patchoulene epoxide
C15H24O 商陆黄素
Ombuin
C17H14O7
β-丁香烯
β-caryophyllene
C15H24 芹菜素
Apigenin
C15H10O5
广藿香酮
Pogostone
C12H16O4 邻苯二甲酸二丁酯
Dibutyl phthalate
C16H22O4

2 广藿香的生物学功能

2.1 调节胃肠功能

广藿香作为传统中草药可促进动物胃肠蠕动、保护肠道屏障功能、促进胃肠道消化液分泌。Gan等[8]研究发现,广藿香油通过保护肠道屏障和调节水的运输来改善大鼠5-氟尿嘧啶诱导的肠黏膜炎。Xie等[9]发现,广藿香可以维持缺血/再灌注(I/R)大鼠肠上皮细胞的膜流动性,保护肠道屏障功能。Zheng等[10]报道,广藿香醇能促进胃黏液分泌,降低大鼠乙醇、吲哚美辛和应激诱导的胃溃疡面积,治疗胃肠功能障碍。Ichikawa等[11]研究发现,广藿香醇具有钙拮抗活性,对钙离子(Ca2+)引发的大鼠主动脉收缩具有拮抗作用。Qu等[12]发现,广藿香醇可通过提高小鼠结肠紧密连接蛋白[闭锁小带蛋白-1(ZO-1)、闭锁蛋白(Occludin)等]的表达,改善急性结肠炎小鼠肠道上皮屏障。另有报道显示,广藿香酮可保护胃肠黏膜免受吲哚美辛诱导的胃溃疡侵害,使Bcl-2相关X蛋白(BAX)在溃疡组织中的表达减少[13]

2.2 抗炎

广藿香油作为传统中草药广藿香的活性成分,具有抑菌抗炎、提高机体免疫力等作用,长期以来一直用于治疗炎症性疾病。Wang等[14]发现,广藿香酮显著降低小鼠前列腺素E2(PGE2)含量和环加氧酶-2(COX-2)活性以及白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的含量,证实具有良好的抗炎特性。研究发现,广藿香醇通过对IL-1βTNF-α的mRNA和蛋白表达进行抑制,调节丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号通路活化,缓解伴有脑I/R损伤肥胖小鼠的血-脑屏障功能障碍并抑制炎症[15]。Li等[16]采用脂多糖刺激的小鼠单核巨噬细胞白血病细胞评价广藿香酮的体外抗炎活性,分析其显著抑制促炎因子TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6的蛋白和mRNA表达。Li等[17]研究发现,广藿香醇(10~40 mg/kg)显著抑制炎症大鼠爪部水肿,剂量依赖性地降低大鼠后爪一氧化氮(NO)、IL-1β、TNF-α、PGE2的产生,表现出抗炎活性。

2.3 抑菌

广藿香含有多种天然抗菌成分,具有十分出色的抑菌功效。广藿香油可抑制牙周病细菌二氧化碳嗜纤维菌、梭杆菌、拟杆菌和艾肯氏菌等的活性[18]。广藿香醇在体外和体内均表现出对幽门螺杆菌的抗菌活性,并可通过抑制炎症介质(COX-2、IL-1βTNF-α等)的表达,缓解幽门螺杆菌诱导的小鼠胃炎[19]。广藿香醇在25和50 μmol/L时对细胞内幽门螺杆菌相关脲酶活性具有抑制作用,促进巨噬细胞介导的抗菌活性[20]。Wan等[21]发现,广藿香醇在体外对20种革兰氏阴性菌(25~768 μg/mL)和107种革兰氏阳性菌(1.5~200 μg/mL)具有抑制作用,特别是可通过腹腔注射在小鼠体内表现出抗耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)活性,给感染MRSA的小鼠注射广藿香醇100和200 mg/kg BW可避免小鼠死亡,存活率为100%,而对照组死亡率为100%。另外,广藿香酮可能与金黄色葡萄球菌细胞膜蛋白相互作用,通过改变细胞膜通透性的能力来发挥其抗菌作用[22]。Yang等[23]研究发现,体外试验中,广藿香酮可抑制金黄色葡萄球菌等6种常用致病菌的活性。另有研究指出,广藿香酮对所有念珠菌具有杀菌作用,并可有效降低外阴阴道白色念珠菌病小鼠阴道中的真菌负荷[24]

2.4 其他作用

广藿香还具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗病毒、镇痛、止泻镇吐等生物学功能。广藿香油具有自由基清除活性,并抑制己醛氧化成己酸[25]。广藿香醇通过激活半胱天冬酶9(Caspase 9)和半胱天冬酶3(Caspase 3)并调节线粒体介导的细胞凋亡,抑制体内外人肺癌A549细胞活性,具有抗肿瘤作用[26]。广藿香醇通过抑制维甲酸诱导基因1样解旋酶(RIG-1-like helicases,RLH)通路相关因子的表达,对体外甲型流感病毒H1N1亚型感染具有抗病性[27]。Lu等[1]研究发现,广藿香甲醇提取物(1.0 g/kg BW)抑制乙酸诱导的小鼠扭动反应,具有显著的镇痛作用。Yang等[28]发现,广藿香正已烷提取物广藿香醇等可有效抑制硫酸铜诱导的雏鸡呕吐。

3 广藿香及其提取物在畜牧生产中的应用

3.1 广藿香及其提取物在猪生产中的应用

广藿香是暑湿时常用中药,有芳香化浊、和中止呕、祛暑解表的功效,因而常用作热应激的防治。研究发现,在饲粮中添加含广藿香的中药复方制剂,能够有效预防猪的热应激,提高养分消化率,改善生长性能[29]。彭晓青等[30]在饲粮中添加含广藿香的中草药提取物复合制剂,发现制剂Ⅰ显著降低猪血清中高温血管活性因子内皮素-1(ET-1)的含量,制剂Ⅱ显著提高NO的含量,促进机体散热。宋小珍等[31]研究了饲粮中添加中药添加剂(苍术、藿香、黄柏、石膏)对高温应激仔猪抗氧化功能的调控作用,结果显示血清中丙二醛(MDA)含量显著下降,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性在应激后期呈下降趋势。张莹莹等[32]研究显示,复方中草药制剂(藿香、山楂等)显著提高早期断奶仔猪蛋白质合成及抗应激能力。此外,广藿香在防治病毒感染性疾病方面具有重要作用。Chen等[33]研究发现,广藿香含有的抗病毒活性多糖对猪流行性腹泻病毒具有抑制作用。田鸽[34]发现,3~12 μg/mL的广藿香酮可有效抑制猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征病毒(PRRSV)在细胞内的增殖,具有良好的抗PRRSV活性。于桂阳等[35]研究发现,饲粮中添加含广藿香的中草药复方制剂可使猪皮炎肾病综合症(PDNS)的发病率明显降低。李林[36]报道,复方中草药制剂(藿香、丁香、木香等)能有效缓解仔猪流行性腹泻造成的体重下降问题,最佳添加量为0.03 g/mL。

3.2 广藿香及其提取物在鸡生产中的应用

广藿香油具有抗炎、抗氧化作用,在饲粮中添加广藿香油及其复方制剂可缓解鸡的应激反应,提高鸡的生长性能,增强免疫能力。何欣等[37]发现,在饲粮中添加中草药复方汤剂(苍术、黄柏、藿香)可缓解240日龄蛋鸡热应激,并显著增加了试验开始后第22~28天的产蛋量,对蛋品质无不良影响。屈倩等[38]研究表明,饲粮中添加中药复方紫黄藿香散使热应激鸡血清皮质醇和热休克蛋白70(HSP70)含量显著降低,显著增加其体重,改善热应激对鸡生长发育的影响。此外,紫黄藿香散可通过改变肠道微生物群的组成调控蛋鸡热应激[39]。宋晓琳等[40]发现,饲粮中添加复方生石膏(藿香、生石膏、香薷等)显著提高热应激蛋鸡的采食量和产蛋率,增加蛋壳厚度,改善热应激对蛋鸡生产性能的影响,且以添加剂量为1.5%时效果最佳。广藿香可降低鸡卵泡颗粒细胞中HSP70的表达,提高雌激素和孕激素的水平,保护鸡卵泡颗粒细胞免受热损伤,保持正常分泌功能[41]。王自力等[42]研究发现,通过饮水补充0.3 mg/kg BW的中药复方制剂(藿香、苍术、石膏、黄柏),雏鸡各免疫器官指数和白细胞介素-2(IL-2)的阳性表达率明显提高,促进免疫器官的发育,提高雏鸡免疫水平。陈宏军等[43]探究复方中药口服液(藿香、葛根、板蓝根、紫花地丁)对感染大肠杆菌鸡的影响,复方中药剂量依赖性地显著提高治愈率和相对增重率,以0.2 mL/L为临床使用最佳剂量标准。方心灵等[44]发现,饲粮中添加100和200 mg/kg广藿香油能够促进提高肉鸡的采食量,促进营养物质的沉积,提高日增重。

3.3 广藿香及其提取物在反刍动物生产中的应用

广藿香及其提取物在反刍动物中的应用报道主要集中在其复方制剂的抗热应激作用及广藿香油对瘤胃发酵功能的调控方面。王文娟等[45]发现,中草药复方制剂(藿香、苍术、黄柏、石膏等)能使热应激肉牛的呼吸平缓,体温降低,改善生产性能。Chen等[6]研究发现,饲喂含有藿香中药复方制剂的饲粮,能有效缓解肉牛的热应激反应,提高免疫功能,且与γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)联合施用对抗热应激具有协同效应。尚相龙等[46]报道,添加广藿香油可降低热应激肉牛的呼吸频率,下调血清皮质醇含量,提高肉牛的生长性能。在奶牛研究中也发现,用清热解暑散(藿香、茵陈、金银花等)对热应激荷斯坦奶牛进行治疗,结果显示热应激奶牛产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率均显著升高,有效改善了奶牛热应激[47]。Wang等[48]发现,添加中药复方制剂(藿香、苍术、黄柏和生石膏)能改善山羊瘤胃降解能力,优化瘤胃体外发酵模式。El-Zaiat等[49]发现,广藿香油可能通过改变瘤胃发酵类型影响瘤胃中饲粮降解性、微生物酶活性和原虫总数,可以替代莫能菌素(MON)作为反刍动物饲料添加剂。

4 小结与展望

广藿香及提取物作为饲料添加剂在畜禽生产中应用,可有效改善畜禽热应激,提高畜禽生产性能,增强机体免疫力,改善畜产品质量,并在防治病毒感染性疾病方面作用突出。在全面禁抗的形式下,广藿香及提取物可以作为一种优质无抗饲料添加剂,有望解决畜牧生产中抗生素残留、环境污染、安全性等问题。但目前有关广藿香的研究仍存在一些问题,其作用机理尤其是中药复方制剂的协同作用机理有待于深入研究,缺乏统一的添加标准,制作工艺落后。今后应通过进一步研究深入了解广藿香的作用机制,为全面禁抗条件下养殖业健康发展提供新思路。
[1]
LU T C, LIAO J C, HUANG T H, et al. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the methanol extract from Pogostemon cablin[J]. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2011, 2011:671741.

[2]
KIM H W, CHO S J, KIM B Y, et al. Pogostemon cablin as ROS scavenger in oxidant-induced cell death of human neuroglioma cells[J]. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2010, 7(2):239-247.

DOI

[3]
CHEN H M, LIAO H J, LIU Y H, et al. Protective effects of pogostone from Pogostemonis Herba against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats[J]. Fitoterapia, 2015, 100:110-117.

DOI

[4]
LIAO J B, WU D W, PENG S Z, et al. Immunomodulatory potential of patchouli alcohol isolated from Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth (Lamiaceae) in mice[J]. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2013, 12(4):559-565.

[5]
张新雨, 刘博, 罗军荣, 等. 中药复方制剂对热应激肉牛生产性能及生理生化指标的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2018, 49(3):620-628.

ZHANG X Y, LIU B, LUO J R, et al. Effects of Chinese medicine prescriptions on production performance,physiological and biochemical indexes of beef cattle under heat stress[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2018, 49(3):620-628. (in Chinese)

[6]
CHEN J, GUO K, SONG X Z, et al. The anti-heat stress effects of Chinese herbal medicine prescriptions and rumen-protected γ-aminobutyric acid on growth performance,apparent nutrient digestibility,and health status in beef cattle[J]. Animal Science Journal, 2020, 91(1):e13361.

[7]
ZHANG G H, LIU M J, SONG M, et al. Patchouli alcohol activates PXR and suppresses the NF-κB-mediated intestinal inflammatory[J]. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2020, 248:112302.

[8]
GAN Y X, AI G X, WU J Z, et al. Patchouli oil ameliorates 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis in rats via protecting intestinal barrier and regulating water transport[J]. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2020, 250:112519.

[9]
XIE Y C, TANG F. Protective effect of Pogostemon cablin on membrane fluidity of intestinal epithelia cell in ischemia/reperfusion rats after ischemia/reperfusion[J]. Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, 2009, 29(7):639-641.

[10]
ZHENG Y F, XIE J H, XU Y F, et al. Gastroprotective effect and mechanism of patchouli alcohol against ethanol,indomethacin and stress-induced ulcer in rats[J]. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 2014, 222:27-36.

DOI

[11]
ICHIKAWA K, KINOSHITA T, SANKAWA U. The screening of Chinese crude drugs for Ca2+ antagonist activity:identification of active principles from the aerial part of Pogostemon cablin and the fruits of Prunus mume[J]. Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 1989, 37(2):345-348.

[12]
QU C, YUAN Z W, YU X T, et al. Patchouli alcohol ameliorates dextran sodium sulfate-induced experimental colitis and suppresses tryptophan catabolism[J]. Pharmacological Research, 2017, 121:70-82.

DOI PMID

[13]
CHEN X Y, CHEN H M, LIU Y H, et al. The gastroprotective effect of pogostone from Pogostemonis Herba against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats[J]. Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2016, 241(2):193-204.

DOI

[14]
WANG X F, HUANG Y F, WANG L, et al. Photo-protective activity of pogostone against UV-induced skin premature aging in mice[J]. Experimental Gerontology, 2016, 77:76-86.

DOI

[15]
WEI L L, CHEN Y, YU Q Y, et al. Patchouli alcohol protects against ischemia/reperfusion-induced brain injury via inhibiting neuroinflammation in normal and obese mice[J]. Brain Research, 2018, 1682:61-70.

DOI

[16]
LI Y C, XIAN Y F, SU Z R, et al. Pogostone suppresses proinflammatory mediator production and protects against endotoxic shock in mice[J]. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2014, 157:212-221.

DOI

[17]
LI Y C, XIAN Y F, IP S P, et al. Anti-inflammatory activity of patchouli alcohol isolated from Pogostemonis Herba in animal models[J]. Fitoterapia, 2011, 82(8):1295-1301.

DOI

[18]
OSAWA K, MATSUMOTO T, MARUYAMA T, et al. Studies of the antibacterial activity of plant extracts and their constituents against periodontopathic bacteria[J]. The Bulletin of Tokyo Dental College, 1990, 31(1):17-21.

PMID

[19]
XU Y F, LIAN D W, CHEN Y Q, et al. In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of patchouli alcohol,a naturally occurring tricyclic sesquiterpene,against Helicobacter pylori infection[J]. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2017, 61(6):e00122-17.

[20]
LIAN D W, XU Y F, DENG Q H, et al. Effect of patchouli alcohol on macrophage mediated Helicobacter pylori digestion based on intracellular urease inhibition[J]. Phytomedicine, 2019, 65:153097.

[21]
WAN F, PENG F, XIONG L, et al. In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity of patchouli alcohol from Pogostemon cablin[J]. Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2021, 27(2):125-130.

DOI

[22]
王晓云, 陈渝渝, 鲍锦库. 广藿香酮抗金黄色葡萄球菌分子机制的研究[J]. 中国抗生素杂志, 2018, 43(6):759-764.

WANG X Y, CHEN Y Y, BAO J K. Study on the molecular mechanism of pogotone against Staphylococcus aureus[J]. Chinese Journal of Antibiotics, 2018, 43(6):759-764. (in Chinese)

[23]
YANG X, ZHANG X, YANG S P, et al. Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of patchouli oil[J]. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2013, 12(3):307-316.

PMID

[24]
LI Y C, LIANG H C, CHEN H M, et al. Anti-Candida albicans activity and pharmacokinetics of pogostone isolated from Pogostemonis Herba[J]. Phytomedicine, 2012, 20(1):77-83.

DOI

[25]
WEI A, SHIBAMOTO T. Antioxidant activities and volatile constituents of various essential oils[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2007, 55(5):1737-1742.

DOI PMID

[26]
LU X G, YANG L, LU C H, et al. Molecular role of EGFR-MAPK pathway in patchouli alcohol-induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest on A549 cells in vitro and in vivo[J]. BioMed Research International, 2016, 2016:4567580.

[27]
WU X L, JU D H, CHEN J, et al. Immunologic mechanism of patchouli alcohol anti-H1N1 influenza virus may through regulation of the RLH signal pathway in vitro[J]. Current Microbiology, 2013, 67(4):431-436.

DOI

[28]
YANG Y, KINOSHITA K, KOYAMA K, et al. Anti-emetic principles of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth[J]. Phytomedicine, 1999, 6(2):89-93.

DOI

[29]
SONG X Z, XU J Q, WANG T, et al. Traditional Chinese medicine decoction enhances growth performance and intestinal glucose absorption in heat stressed pigs by up-regulating the expressions of SGLT1 and GLUT2 mRNA[J]. Livestock Science, 2010, 128(1/2/3):75-81.

DOI

[30]
彭晓青, 刘凤华, 颜培实. 中药添加剂对猪血清一氧化氮和内皮素-1含量的影响[J]. 家畜生态学报, 2009, 30(3):43-46,51.

PENG X Q, LIU F H, YAN P S. Effects of traditional Chinese medicine on the contents of NO and endothelin-1 in pig serum[J]. Acta Ecologae Animalis Domastici, 2009, 30(3):43-46,51. (in Chinese)

[31]
宋小珍, 王占赫, 毛帅, 等. 中药添加剂对高温下猪血清抗氧化功能的影响[J]. 畜牧与兽医, 2008, 40(5):5-8.

SONG X Z, WANG Z H, MAO S, et al. Effect of traditional Chinese medicine additives on serum antioxidant status in piglets under high temperature[J]. Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2008, 40(5):5-8. (in Chinese)

[32]
张莹莹, 刘晓辉, 贾彬彬, 等. 复方中草药制剂对早期断奶仔猪蛋白质合成能力及抗应激能力的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2014, 41(9):121-125.

ZHANG Y Y, LIU X H, JIA B B, et al. Effect of Chinese herbal feed formula supplementation on protein synthesis and anti-stress ability of early weaned piglets[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2014, 41(9):121-125. (in Chinese)

[33]
CHEN Y, LUO Q Y, LI S M, et al. Antiviral activity against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus of Pogostemon cablin polysaccharide[J]. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2020, 259:113009.

[34]
田鸽. 青蒿琥酯、苦豆碱和广藿香酮体外抗PRRSV的作用研究[D].硕士学位论文. 广州: 华南农业大学, 2017.

TIAN G. Antiviral activities of artesunate,aloperine and pogostone against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrom virus in vitro[D].Master's Thesis. Guangzhou: South China Agricultural University, 2017. (in Chinese)

[35]
于桂阳, 黄武光, 郑春芳. 中草药复方制剂对猪皮炎肾病综合症控制效果的对比试验[J]. 湖南畜牧兽医, 2019(2):15-17.

YU G Y, HUANG W G, ZHENG C F. Comparative test on the control effect of Chinese herbal compound preparations on porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome[J]. Hunan Journal of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, 2019(2):15-17. (in Chinese)

[36]
李林. 复合中草药制剂对猪流行性腹泻治疗效果研究[J]. 畜牧兽医科学(电子版), 2021(5):19-20.

LI L. Study on the therapeutic effect of compound Chinese herbal medicine on swine epidemic diarrhea[J]. Graziery Veterinary Sciences(Electronic Version), 2021(5):19-20. (in Chinese)

[37]
何欣, 张琳, 朱晓宇, 等. 苍术、黄柏、藿香对夏季蛋用种鸡生产性能的影响[J]. 北京农学院学报, 2006, 21(3):66-68.

HE X, ZHANG L, ZHU X Y, et al. Effect of Rhizoma atractylodis,Phellodendron,ageratum on productive performance of breeding hens in summer[J]. Journal of Beijing Agricultural College, 2006, 21(3):66-68. (in Chinese)

[38]
屈倩, 郭剑英, 孙嘉琪, 等. 紫黄藿香散对热应激肉鸡生长与功能的影响[J]. 养禽与禽病防治, 2020(6):17-20.

QU Q, GUO J Y, SUN J Q, et al. Effect of Zihuang Huoxiang powder on growth and function of broilers under heat stress[J]. Poultry Husbandry and Disease Control, 2020(6):17-20. (in Chinese)

[39]
YE C X, QU Q, BAI L, et al. Effect of traditional Chinese medicine on the gut microbiota in heat-stressed laying hens[J]. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 2022, 9:905382.

[40]
宋晓琳, 肖敏华, 代雪立, 等. 复方生石膏对热应激蛋鸡生产性能和血液生化指标的影响[J]. 中国家禽, 2011, 33(2):15-18.

SONG X L, XIAO M H, DAI X L, et al. Effect of compound gypsum on production performance and blood biochemical index of layers under heat stress[J]. China Poultry, 2011, 33(2):15-18. (in Chinese)

[41]
ZHAO Q H, XUE W H, ZHANG S, et al. The functions of Patchouli and Elsholtzia in the repair of hen follicular granular cells after heat stress[J]. Poultry Science, 2022, 101(2):101306.

[42]
王自力, 鲁琳, 朱晓宇, 等. 中药复方对鸡免疫器官指数及IL-2表达的动态影响[J]. 中国兽医科学, 2007, 37(6):543-546.

WANG Z L, LU L, ZHU X Y, et al. Effects of Chinese materia medica on the indexes of immune organs and expression of IL-2 in immune organs in chicken[J]. Chinese Veterinary Science, 2007, 37(6):543-546. (in Chinese)

[43]
陈宏军, 匡存林, 肖文华, 等. 复方中药口服液对人工感染鸡大肠杆菌病的疗效试验[J]. 中国家禽, 2007, 29(24):43-44.

CHEN H J, KUANG C L, XIAO W H, et al. Efficacy of compound medicinal herb oral liquid on treating against colibacillosis in artificial infected chicken[J]. China Poultry, 2007, 29(24):43-44. (in Chinese)

[44]
方心灵, 姜文联, 陈明霞, 等. 广藿香油对快大黄羽肉鸡生产性能及血清生化指标的影响[J]. 广东饲料, 2021, 30(5):21-25.

FANG X L, JIANG W L, CHEN M X, et al. Effect of Pogostemon cablin oil on growth performance and quality,influence of serum biochemical indexes of fast growing yellow feathered broilers[J]. Guangdong Feed, 2021, 30(5):21-25. (in Chinese)

[45]
王文娟, 汪水平, 左福元, 等. 中药复方对夏季肉牛的影响:Ⅰ.育肥性能、生理指标及血清激素水平和酶活性[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2010, 41(10):1260-1267.

WANG W J, WANG S P, ZUO F Y, et al. Effect of Chinese medicine prescription on beef cattle in summer:Ⅰ.Finishing performance,physiological parameters,serum hormone level and enzymatic activity[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2010, 41(10):1260-1267. (in Chinese)

[46]
尚相龙, 杨梓曼, 兰剑, 等. 饲粮中添加广藿香油对热应激肉牛生长性能和血清生化指标的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2022, 34(1):395-403.

DOI

SHANG X L, YANG Z M, LAN J, et al. Effects of diets supplemented with Agastache rugosus essential oil on growth performance and serum biochemical indexes of beef cattle under heat stress[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2022, 34(1):395-403. (in Chinese)

[47]
王海艳, 巴翠晶, 秦建华, 等. 清热解暑散对热应激奶牛产奶量和血液指标的影响[J]. 中国动物保健, 2014, 16(8):13-17.

WANG H Y, BA C J, QIN J H, et al. Effect of Qingre Jieshu powder on milk yield and blood index of heat stress cow[J]. China Animal Health, 2014, 16(8):13-17. (in Chinese)

[48]
WANG S P, WANG W J, TAN Z L, et al. Effect of traditional Chinese medicine compounds on rumen fermentation,methanogenesis and microbial flora in vitro[J]. Animal Nutrition, 2019, 5(2):185-190.

DOI

[49]
EL-ZAIAT H M, ABDALLA A L. Potentials of patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) essential oil on ruminal methanogenesis,feed degradability,and enzyme activities in vitro[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 2019, 26(29):30220-30228.

DOI

Outlines

/