1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验设计
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of basal diets (air-dry basis)% |
| 项目 Items | 含量 Content | |
|---|---|---|
| 1~21日龄 1 to 21 days of age | 22~42日龄 22 to 42 days of age | |
| 原料 Ingredients | ||
| 玉米Corn | 53.78 | 59.89 |
| 豆粕 Soybean meal | 25.76 | 17.20 |
| 玉米干酒糟及其可溶物 Corn DDGS | 5.00 | 5.00 |
| 玉米蛋白粉 Corn protein meal | 4.00 | 5.00 |
| 棉籽粕 Cottonseed meal | 3.95 | 4.00 |
| 豆油 Soybean oil | 3.01 | 4.80 |
| 石粉 Limestone | 1.60 | 1.40 |
| 磷酸氢钙 CaHPO4 | 1.42 | 1.16 |
| L-赖氨酸盐酸盐 L-Lys·HCl | 0.50 | 0.54 |
| DL-蛋氨酸 DL-Met | 0.27 | 0.20 |
| 氯化钠 NaCl | 0.26 | 0.26 |
| 氯化胆碱 Choline chloride | 0.08 | 0.08 |
| L-色氨酸 L-Trp | 0.12 | 0.11 |
| L-苏氨酸 L-Thr | 0.08 | 0.19 |
| 维生素预混料 Vitamin premix1) | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| 微量元素预混料 Microelement premix2) | 0.15 | 0.15 |
| 合计 Total | 100.00 | 100.00 |
| 营养水平 Nutrient levels3) | ||
| 代谢能 ME/(MJ/kg) | 12.13 | 12.93 |
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 21.65 | 19.10 |
| 粗脂肪 EE | 5.20 | 7.24 |
| 粗纤维 CF | 3.18 | 2.77 |
| 粗灰分 Ash | 5.89 | 5.09 |
| 钙 Ca | 0.95 | 0.81 |
| 项目 Items | 含量 Content | |
| 1~21日龄 1 to 21 days of age | 22~42日龄 22 to 42 days of age | |
| 总磷 TP | 0.62 | 0.56 |
| 可利用磷 AP | 0.41 | 0.36 |
| 总赖氨酸 TLys | 1.34 | 1.19 |
1)维生素预混料为每千克饲粮提供The premix provided the following per kg of diets: 1~21日龄 1 to 21 days of age,VA 9 750 IU,VD3 3 750 IU,VE 18 IU,VK3 4.0 mg,VB1 2.2 mg,VB2 7.28 mg,VB6 4.8 mg,VB12 0.2 mg,烟酸 niacin 45 mg,叶酸 folic acid 1.3 mg,D-泛酸 D-pantothenic 40 mg,生物素 biotin 0.3 mg,胆碱 choline 350 mg;22~42日龄 22 to 42 days of age,VA 7 800 IU,VD3 3 000 IU,VE 14 IU,VK3 4.0 mg,VB1 2.2 mg,VB2 7.28 mg,VB6 4.8 mg,VB12 0.2 mg,烟酸 niacin 45 mg,叶酸 folic acid 1.3 mg,D-泛酸 D-pantothenic 40 mg,生物素 biotin 0.3 mg,胆碱 choline 350 mg。 2)微量元素预混料为每千克饲粮提供The premix provided the following per kg of diets:Cu 8.4 mg,Fe 54 mg,Zn 49.5 mg,Mn 70.5 mg,Se 0.3 mg,I 1.1 mg。 3)营养水平为计算值。Nutrient levels were calculated values. |
1.3 饲养管理
1.4 测定指标及方法
1.4.1 生产性能测定
1.4.2 肠道形态测定
1.4.3 免疫器官指数和血清免疫球蛋白水平测定
1.4.4 血清抗氧化指标测定
1.5 数据统计与分析
2 结果
2.1 生产性能
表2 混合纳米维生素A、D、E对肉鸡生产性能的影响Table 2 Effects of mixed nano vitamins A, D and E on performance of broilers |
| 时间 Times | 指标 Indexes | 组别 Groups | 标准误 SE | P值 P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CV-100 | NV-100 | NV-90 | NV-80 | NV-70 | NV-60 | ||||
| 1~21日龄 1 to 21 days of age | 1日龄体重 BW of 1 days of age/g | 44.85 | 44.13 | 43.98 | 44.36 | 44.19 | 43.88 | 0.19 | 0.604 |
| 21日龄体重 BW of 21 days of age/g | 757.13 | 799.29 | 753.93 | 771.84 | 780.41 | 792.07 | 7.48 | 0.431 | |
| 平均日增重 ADG/g | 33.76 | 35.85 | 33.42 | 34.62 | 34.46 | 35.42 | 0.35 | 0.312 | |
| 平均日采食量 ADFI/g | 48.04 | 50.10 | 48.52 | 48.12 | 50.66 | 49.46 | 0.46 | 0.433 | |
| 料重比 F/G | 1.47 | 1.40 | 1.46 | 1.39 | 1.46 | 1.40 | 0.02 | 0.763 | |
| 死淘率 Death rate/% | 3.81a | 0.95c | 1.90b | 0.95c | 3.81a | 3.81a | 0.31 | <0.001 | |
| 22~42日龄 22 to 42 days of age | 42日龄体重 BW of 42 days of age/g | 2 305.05 | 2 337.46 | 2 313.60 | 2 296.46 | 2 330.10 | 2 326.03 | 20.12 | 0.982 |
| 平均日增重 ADG/g | 71.70 | 72.88 | 73.46 | 72.00 | 73.19 | 71.42 | 1.04 | 0.992 | |
| 平均日采食量 ADFI/g | 137.24 | 134.52 | 131.49 | 122.63 | 128.05 | 128.82 | 2.04 | 0.393 | |
| 料重比 F/G | 1.93 | 1.84 | 1.80 | 1.73 | 1.75 | 1.78 | 0.03 | 0.472 | |
| 死淘率 Death rate/% | 3.81a | 0.95d | 2.85b | 2.85b | 1.90c | 3.81a | 0.24 | <0.001 | |
| 1~42日龄 1 to 42 days of age | 平均日增重 ADG/g | 51.64 | 53.38 | 51.73 | 51.53 | 51.90 | 51.66 | 0.63 | 0.957 |
| 平均日采食量 ADFI/g | 94.51 | 90.55 | 87.67 | 85.17 | 85.82 | 86.40 | 1.22 | 0.206 | |
| 料重比 F/G | 1.73 | 1.69 | 1.68 | 1.63 | 1.63 | 1.66 | 0.02 | 0.688 | |
| 死淘率 Death rate/% | 7.62a | 1.90e | 4.75c | 3.80d | 5.71b | 7.62a | 0.50 | <0.001 | |
| 42日龄 42 days of age | 全净膛率 Total evisceration rate/% | 78.74c | 80.21bc | 84.88a | 85.70a | 82.52ab | 84.38a | 0.62 | 0.002 |
| 胸肌率 Breast muscle ratio/% | 23.79 | 26.02 | 23.39 | 24.60 | 23.34 | 23.74 | 0.33 | 0.147 | |
| 腿肌率 Leg muscle ratio/% | 19.40 | 19.01 | 17.29 | 18.16 | 17.37 | 17.90 | 0.31 | 0.285 | |
| 腹脂率 Abdominal fat ratio/% | 1.23 | 0.83 | 1.83 | 0.92 | 1.12 | 1.05 | 0.21 | 0.573 | |
同行数据肩标字母相同或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),字母不同表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with no letter or the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 肠道形态
表3 混合纳米维生素A、D、E对肉鸡肠道形态的影响Table 3 Effects of mixed nano vitamins A, D and E on intestinal morphology of broilers |
| 时间 Time | 肠段 Intestinal segments | 指标 Indexes | 组别 Groups | 标准误 SE | P值 P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CV-100 | NV-100 | NV-90 | NV-80 | NV-70 | NV-60 | |||||
| 21日龄 21 days of age | 空肠 Jejunum | 绒毛高度 Villus height/μm | 628.51c | 1 118.19ab | 1 291.10a | 1 314.95a | 1 000.67ab | 936.87b | 65.38 | 0.003 |
| 隐窝深度 Crypt depth/μm | 215.82ab | 193.58b | 257.55a | 221.94ab | 232.66ab | 190.73b | 7.09 | 0.027 | ||
| 绒隐比 V/C | 2.92c | 5.74ab | 5.02ab | 5.96a | 4.33b | 4.99ab | 0.29 | 0.004 | ||
| 回肠 Ileum | 绒毛高度 Villus height/μm | 452.43b | 733.56a | 755.17a | 759.03a | 530.36ab | 537.37ab | 39.63 | 0.041 | |
| 隐窝深度 Crypt depth/μm | 202.12ab | 202.57ab | 277.30a | 196.84ab | 266.82ab | 180.73b | 12.12 | 0.252 | ||
| 绒隐比 V/C | 2.27b | 3.59a | 2.83ab | 3.83a | 2.33b | 3.11ab | 0.18 | 0.032 | ||
| 42日龄 42 days of age | 空肠 Jejunum | 绒毛高度 Villus height/μm | 1 740.28a | 1 863.55a | 1 578.21ab | 1 613.91a | 1 434.30b | 1 556.67ab | 76.72 | 0.043 |
| 隐窝深度 Crypt depth/μm | 245.22 | 264.02 | 259.73 | 278.39 | 235.05 | 247.00 | 8.42 | 0.784 | ||
| 绒隐比 V/C | 7.26a | 7.11a | 6.15ab | 5.84ab | 4.67b | 5.75ab | 0.28 | 0.039 | ||
| 回肠 Ileum | 绒毛高度 Villus height/μm | 1 027.80 | 1 274.76 | 1 280.93 | 1 154.99 | 964.87 | 949.46 | 60.87 | 0.453 | |
| 隐窝深度 Crypt depth/μm | 208.22 | 209.45 | 207.91 | 251.56 | 210.52 | 219.20 | 11.88 | 0.921 | ||
| 绒隐比 V/C | 1 740.28a | 1 863.55a | 1 578.21ab | 1 613.91a | 1 434.30b | 1 556.67ab | 76.72 | 0.043 | ||
2.3 免疫器官指数和血清免疫球蛋白水平
表4 混合纳米维生素A、D、E对肉鸡免疫器官指数和血清免疫球蛋白水平的影响Table 4 Effects of mixed nano vitamins A, D and E on immune organ indexes and serum immunoglobulin levels of broilers |
| 时间 Time | 项目 Items | 组别Groups | 标准误 SE | P值 P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CV-100 | NV-100 | NV-90 | NV-80 | NV-70 | NV-60 | ||||
| 21日龄 21 days of age | 脾脏指数 Spleen index/(g/kg) | 1.21 | 1.20 | 1.31 | 1.34 | 1.22 | 1.20 | 0.01 | 0.489 |
| 胸腺指数 Thymus index/(g/kg) | 3.21 | 3.21 | 3.30 | 3.22 | 3.31 | 3.21 | 0.01 | 0.142 | |
| 法氏囊指数 Bursa of Fabricius index/(g/kg) | 2.40 | 2.71 | 2.81 | 3.00 | 2.40 | 2.40 | 0.06 | 0.342 | |
| 免疫球蛋白A IgA/(μg/mL) | 51.17c | 51.25c | 55.46c | 68.18a | 54.98c | 61.59b | 1.23 | <0.001 | |
| 免疫球蛋白M IgM/(μg/mL) | 130.31c | 132.14c | 206.20a | 173.04b | 141.31c | 140.58c | 4.68 | <0.001 | |
| 免疫球蛋白G IgG/(μg/mL) | 533.92b | 573.17b | 643.83a | 657.07a | 473.38c | 495.32bc | 13.76 | <0.001 | |
| 42日龄 42 days of age | 脾脏指数 Spleen index/(g/kg) | 1.51 | 1.51 | 1.50 | 1.72 | 1.60 | 1.53 | 0.01 | 0.204 |
| 胸腺指数 Thymus index/(g/kg) | 2.40 | 3.32 | 2.73 | 2.91 | 2.31 | 2.62 | 0.02 | 0.353 | |
| 法氏囊指数 Bursa of Fabricius index/(g/kg) | 1.81 | 2.01 | 1.91 | 1.91 | 2.10 | 1.83 | 0.01 | 0.421 | |
| 免疫球蛋白A IgA/(μg/mL) | 43.52e | 56.89c | 61.44b | 74.77a | 50.86d | 49.85d | 1.67 | <0.001 | |
| 免疫球蛋白M IgM/(μg/mL) | 178.34b | 180.65b | 188.58b | 211.24a | 185.54b | 184.28b | 2.98 | <0.001 | |
| 免疫球蛋白G IgG/(μg/mL) | 517.42c | 565.09c | 667.27b | 706.09ab | 725.36a | 656.63b | 13.47 | <0.001 | |
2.4 血清抗氧化指标
表5 混合纳米维生素A、D、E对肉鸡血清抗氧化指标的影响Table 5 Effects of mixed nano vitamins A, D and E on serum antioxidant indexes of broiler serum |
| 时间 Time | 指标 Indexes | 组别 Groups | 标准误 SE | P值 P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CV-100 | NV-100 | NV-90 | NV-80 | NV-70 | NV-60 | ||||
| 21日龄 21 days of age | 丙二醛 MDA/(nmol/mL) | 3.95 | 3.59 | 3.43 | 3.40 | 3.24 | 3.44 | 0.13 | 0.727 |
| 过氧化氢酶 CAT/(U/mL) | 2.68b | 2.81b | 2.98b | 6.57a | 4.51b | 4.12b | 0.35 | 0.002 | |
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px/(U/mL) | 317.24c | 352.23c | 370.89b | 436.84a | 426.35ab | 377.85b | 10.24 | 0.002 | |
| 42日龄 42 days of age | 丙二醛 MDA/(nmol/mL) | 2.52 | 2.50 | 2.32 | 1.94 | 2.45 | 2.35 | 0.09 | 0.583 |
| 过氧化氢酶 CAT/(U/mL) | 6.73 | 6.87 | 6.95 | 6.36 | 5.62 | 4.61 | 0.28 | 0.094 | |
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px/(U/mL) | 355.17 | 391.87 | 384.39 | 376.60 | 393.96 | 388.21 | 5.08 | 0.248 | |
