1 材料与方法
1.1 试验设计
1.1.1 青贮试验
1.1.2 饲喂试验
表1 试验饲料组成及营养水平(干物质基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of experimental diets (DM basis)% |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | |
|---|---|---|
| CY | SP | |
| 原料 Ingredients | ||
| 玉米青贮 Corn silage | 18.00 | 10.00 |
| 葡萄枝叶青贮 Grape leaves silage | 10.00 | |
| 玉米秸秆 Corn stover | 12.00 | 10.00 |
| 玉米 Corn | 45.00 | 45.00 |
| 豆粕 Soybean meal | 18.50 | 18.50 |
| 食盐 NaCl | 0.90 | 0.90 |
| 石粉 CaCO3 | 0.60 | 0.60 |
| 预混料 Premix1) | 5.00 | 5.00 |
| 合计 Total | 100.00 | 100.00 |
| 营养水平 Nutrient levels2) | ||
| 代谢能 ME/(MJ/kg) | 11.53 | 11.24 |
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 16.55 | 16.42 |
| 中性洗涤纤维 NDF | 35.01 | 36.23 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF | 20.68 | 21.63 |
| 钙 Ca | 0.43 | 0.54 |
| 磷 P | 0.31 | 0.40 |
1)预混料每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of diets: VA 15 000 IU,VD 2 200 IU,VE 50 IU,Fe 50 mg,Cu 12.5 mg,Mn 47 mg,Zn 14 mg,Se 0.5 mg,I 0.5 mg,Co 0.1 mg。 2)代谢能为计算值,其余为实测值。ME was a calculated value, while the others were measured values. |
1.2 测定指标与方法
1.2.1 营养成分测定
1.2.2 发酵品质测定
1.2.3 微生物数量测定
1.2.4 生长性能测定
1.2.5 屠宰性能测定
1.2.6 血清生化指标测定
1.2.7 经济效益评定
1.3 数据统计分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 海氏肠球菌与糖蜜接种对葡萄枝叶营养成分、发酵品质及微生物数量的影响
表2 海氏肠球菌与糖蜜接种对葡萄枝叶营养成分、发酵品质及微生物数量的影响Table 2 Effects of Enterococcus hirae and molasses inoculation on nutritional composition, fermentation quality and microbial quantity of grape branches and leaves |
| 项目 Items | 原料 Raw material | 处理 Treatments | 均值 标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK | EH | M | EHM | ||||
| 干物质 DM | 34.40 | 33.74 | 33.93 | 33.85 | 34.12 | 0.41 | 0.340 |
| 粗蛋白质 CP/% DM | 7.44a | 6.14b | 7.15a | 6.51b | 7.20a | 0.40 | <0.001 |
| 中性洗涤纤维 NDF/% DM | 60.68a | 59.75ab | 58.96bc | 59.12b | 58.02c | 0.26 | 0.002 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF/% DM | 40.03a | 38.78b | 37.27c | 37.43c | 36.68c | 0.33 | <0.001 |
| 可溶性碳水化合物 WSC/% DM | 6.94a | 5.64bc | 5.32c | 5.79b | 6.01b | 0.16 | <0.001 |
| pH | 6.34a | 4.83b | 4.43c | 4.57c | 4.22d | 0.08 | 0.001 |
| 乳酸 LA/(g/kg DM) | NDe | 51.84d | 60.22b | 57.74c | 65.34a | 1.47 | <0.001 |
| 乙酸 AA/(g/kg DM) | NDe | 23.19a | 21.47b | 18.39d | 20.67c | 0.53 | <0.001 |
| 丙酸 PA/(g/kg DM) | NDd | 2.26b | 1.49c | 2.77a | 1.69c | 0.53 | <0.001 |
| 丁酸 BA/(g/kg DM) | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ||
| 氨态氮 NH3-N/% | 0.10d | 0.63a | 0.47bc | 0.53b | 0.42c | 0.09 | <0.001 |
| 乳酸菌 LAB/[lg(CFU/g FM)] | 3.53d | 5.94c | 6.82b | 6.52b | 7.83a | 0.39 | <0.001 |
| 大肠杆菌 E.coli/[lg(CFU/g FM)] | 3.06 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | ||
| 霉菌 Mold/[lg(CFU/g FM)] | 4.44a | 3.01b | 2.85b | 2.97b | 2.55b | 0.19 | <0.001 |
ND表示未检出。 同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
ND mean not detected. In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 葡萄枝叶青贮替换部分玉米青贮与玉米秸秆对哈萨克羊饲喂效果的影响
表3 葡萄枝叶青贮替换部分玉米青贮与玉米秸秆对育肥羊生长性能的影响Table 3 Effects of grape branch and leaf silage replacing part of corn silage and corn straw on growth performance of fattening sheep |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | 均值标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CY | SP | |||
| 始重 IW/kg | 29.23 | 29.35 | 0.096 | 0.362 |
| 末重 FW/kg | 41.31 | 41.36 | 0.120 | 0.312 |
| 平均日增重 ADG/(g/d) | 201.33 | 200.17 | 0.045 | 0.269 |
| 干物质采食量 DMI/(g/d) | 1 159.32 | 1 158.36 | 11.026 | 0.138 |
| 饲料转化率 FCR | 5.76 | 5.79 | 0.095 | 0.324 |
表4 葡萄枝叶青贮替换部分玉米青贮与玉米秸秆对育肥羊屠宰性能的影响Table 4 Effects of grape branch and leaf silage replacing part of corn silage and corn straw on slaughtering performance of fattening sheep |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | 均值标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CY | SP | |||
| 宰前活重 Live weight before slaughter/kg | 41.52 | 41.23 | 0.231 | 0.365 |
| 胴体重 Carcass weight/kg | 17.94 | 17.86 | 0.125 | 0.230 |
| 屠宰率 Dressing percentage/% | 43.22 | 43.33 | 0.239 | 0.124 |
| GR值 GR value/mm | 9.13 | 9.26 | 0.089 | 0.102 |
| 眼肌面积 Loin muscle area/cm2 | 12.22 | 12.46 | 0.127 | 0.203 |
表5 葡萄枝叶青贮替换部分玉米青贮与玉米秸秆对育肥羊血清生化指标的影响Table 5 Effects of grape branch and leaf silage replacing part of corn silage and corn straw on serum biochemical indexes of fattening sheep |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | 均值标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CY | SP | |||
| 总蛋白 TP/(g/L) | 65.30 | 64.15 | 0.659 | 0.618 |
| 总胆固醇 TC/(mmol/L) | 1.65 | 1.58 | 0.093 | 0.206 |
| 甘油三酯 TG/(mmol/L) | 0.32 | 0.25 | 0.063 | 0.512 |
| 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 HDL-C/(mmol/L) | 0.85 | 0.82 | 0.026 | 0.823 |
| 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 LDL-C/(mmol/L) | 0.50 | 0.41 | 0.092 | 0.263 |
| 葡萄糖 GLU/(mmol/L) | 4.63 | 4.35 | 0.363 | 0.234 |
| 尿素氮 UN/(mmol/L) | 7.13 | 7.25 | 0.101 | 0.156 |
2.3 葡萄枝叶青贮替换部分玉米青贮与玉米秸秆对育肥羊经济效益的影响
表6 葡萄枝叶青贮替换部分玉米青贮与玉米秸秆对育肥羊经济效益的影响Table 6 Effects of grape branch and leaf silage replacing part of corn silage and corn straw on economic benefit of fattening sheep |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | 均值标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CY | SP | |||
| 总增重 Total weight gain/(kg/只) | 12.08 | 11.95 | 0.111 | 0.155 |
| 增重收益 Weight gains/(元/只) | 391.57 | 388.35 | 1.824 | 0.380 |
| 总耗料 Total material consumption/(kg/只) | 88.37 | 86.30 | 0.721 | 0.174 |
| 饲料成本 Feed cost/(元/只) | 223.73a | 213.83b | 1.821 | 0.006 |
| 育肥利润 Fattening profit/(元/只) | 167.84b | 174.52a | 0.607 | <0.001 |
