1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验设计
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目Items | 含量Content |
|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |
| 玉米Corn | 61.00 |
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 26.80 |
| 大豆油Soybean oil | 0.70 |
| 石粉Limestone | 9.00 |
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 1.00 |
| 预混料Premix1) | 1.50 |
| 合计Total | 100.00 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 11.22 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 16.57 |
| 钙Ca | 3.40 |
| 有效磷AP | 0.37 |
| 总磷TP | 0.44 |
| 植酸酶Phy | 0.03 |
| 蛋氨酸Met | 0.44 |
| 赖氨酸Lys | 0.86 |
| 苏氨酸Thr | 0.64 |
| 色氨酸Trp | 0.20 |
| 蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸Met+Cys | 0.73 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of the diet:VA(维生素A乙酸酯vitamin A acetate) 2 000 IU,VD3 1 600 IU,VE 10 IU,VK3 0.5 mg,VB1 2.45 mg,VB2 4 mg,VB6 3.14 mg,VB12 0.01 mg,植酸酶(活性≥10 000 U/g) phytase (activity≥10 000 U/g) 300 mg,NaCl 3 g,烟酸 niacin 34.65 mg,泛酸 pantothenic acid 29.4 mg,氯化胆碱 choline chloride (50%) 2 g,生物素 biotin 0.2 mg,叶酸 folic acid 0.38 mg,Mn (as manganese sulfate) 100 mg,Fe (as ferrous sulfate) 95 mg,Zn (as zinc sulfate) 50 mg,Cu (as copper sulfate) 12 mg,I (as calcium iodate) 0.5 mg,Se (as selenite sodium) 0.3 mg,蛋氨酸 methionine 1.6 g。 2)营养水平为计算值。Nutrient levels were calculated values. |
1.3 饲养管理
1.4 测定指标与方法
1.4.1 生产性能
1.4.2 蛋品质
1.4.3 鸡蛋中维生素A不同形态含量和总量、叶黄素和玉米黄质含量的测定
1.5 数据统计分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 饲粮中添加不同水平的维生素A对蛋鸡生产性能的影响
表2 饲粮中添加不同水平的维生素A对蛋鸡生产性能的影响Table 2 Effects of different dietary levels of vitamin A on performance of laying hens |
| 项目 Items | 产蛋率 Laying rate/% | 平均日产蛋量 Average daily egg mass/ [g/(d·只)] | 平均蛋重 Average egg weight/g | 平均日采食量 ADFI/[g/(d·只)] | 料蛋比 F/E | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 维生素A添加水平 Vitamin A supplemental levels/(IU/kg) | 2 000 | 92.51±3.95 | 59.96±3.18 | 64.60±0.99 | 127.47±3.76 | 2.15±0.08 |
| 4 000 | 92.18±2.63 | 59.22±1.90 | 64.06±0.86 | 125.14±4.88 | 2.14±0.08 | |
| 8 000 | 91.76±1.76 | 59.37±2.16 | 64.51±1.71 | 127.31±4.84 | 2.17±0.06 | |
| 16 000 | 91.44±3.98 | 58.82±3.27 | 64.14±1.45 | 124.54±4.13 | 2.15±0.09 | |
| 32 000 | 92.38±2.57 | 59.95±1.95 | 64.82±0.85 | 126.80±3.14 | 2.14±0.07 | |
| P值P-value | ||||||
| 处理Treatment | 0.954 | 0.881 | 0.711 | 0.534 | 0.944 | |
| 线性Linear | 0.987 | 0.840 | 0.481 | 0.925 | 0.764 | |
| 二次Quadratic | 0.423 | 0.345 | 0.427 | 0.316 | 0.760 | |
同列数据肩标无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same column, values with no letter or the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 饲粮中添加不同水平的维生素A对蛋品质、鸡蛋中玉米黄质和叶黄素含量的影响
表3 饲粮中添加不同水平的维生素A对蛋品质、鸡蛋中玉米黄质和叶黄素含量的影响Table 3 Effects of different dietary levels of vitamin A on egg quality and contents of zeaxanthin and lutein in eggs |
| 项目 Items | 蛋壳强度 Eggshell strength/ (kg/cm2) | 蛋白高度 Albumen height/mm | 哈氏单位 Haugh unit | 蛋黄颜色 Yolk color | 蛋壳厚度 Eggshell thickness/mm | 蛋形指数 Egg-shape index | 玉米黄质 Zeaxanthin/ (μg/g) | 叶黄素 Lutein/ (μg/g) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 维生素A添加水平 Vitamin A supplemental levels/(IU/kg) | 2 000 | 4.24±0.43 | 7.28±0.57 | 84.67±3.01 | 5.63±0.67 | 0.34±0.01 | 1.29±0.02 | 60.13±9.00 | 38.72±4.89a |
| 4 000 | 4.40±0.55 | 7.21±0.49 | 84.29±2.87 | 5.58±0.39 | 0.34±0.01 | 1.28±0.02 | 62.07±4.35 | 38.71±2.24a | |
| 8 000 | 4.19±0.57 | 7.06±0.54 | 83.52±3.27 | 5.13±0.40 | 0.35±0.01 | 1.29±0.02 | 61.57±8.14 | 37.02±3.68ab | |
| 16 000 | 4.34±0.26 | 7.10±0.36 | 83.79±1.83 | 5.29±0.42 | 0.35±0.01 | 1.30±0.02 | 57.62±4.39 | 34.62±2.79bc | |
| 32 000 | 4.23±0.57 | 7.19±0.32 | 83.99±1.99 | 5.09±0.53 | 0.34±0.01 | 1.29±0.02 | 57.97±6.20 | 33.08±2.63c | |
| P值P-value | |||||||||
| 处理Treatment | 0.903 | 0.884 | 0.923 | 0.103 | 0.347 | 0.714 | 0.574 | 0.010 | |
| 线性Linear | 0.812 | 0.829 | 0.722 | 0.037 | 0.619 | 0.354 | 0.731 | 0.001 | |
| 二次Quadratic | 0.816 | 0.377 | 0.494 | 0.333 | 0.096 | 0.413 | 0.567 | 0.304 | |
2.3 饲粮中添加不同水平的维生素A对鸡蛋中维生素A不同形态含量和总量的影响
表4 饲粮中添加不同水平的维生素A对鸡蛋中维生素A不同形态含量和总量的影响Table 4 Effects of different dietary levels of vitamin A on various form contents and total content of vitamin A in eggs |
| 项目 Items | 视黄醇 Retinol/(μg/g) | 视黄醇棕榈酸酯 Retinol palmitate/ (μg/g) | 视黄醇硬脂酸酯 Retinol stearate/ (μg/g) | 维生素A总量 Total vitamin A content/(μg/g) | 每枚鸡蛋维生素A总量 Total vitamin A content per egg/(μg/个) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 维生素A添加水平 Vitamin A supplemental levels/(IU/kg) | 2 000 | 10.49±0.75b | 3.06±0.30c | 0.50±0.09bc | 13.44±1.79bc | 116.18±16.82c |
| 4 000 | 9.55±0.92b | 2.37±0.21d | 0.40±0.05c | 11.09±0.72c | 104.90±8.31c | |
| 8 000 | 10.32±0.75b | 3.02±0.46c | 0.47±0.06bc | 12.26±0.95c | 102.89±16.40c | |
| 16 000 | 10.10±1.04b | 3.98±0.63b | 0.67±0.11b | 15.58±0.72b | 141.79±14.91b | |
| 32 000 | 17.58±3.12a | 8.67±1.00a | 1.17±0.28a | 22.78±2.06a | 209.74±23.43a | |
| P值P-value | ||||||
| 处理Treatment | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| 线性Linear | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| 二次Quadratic | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.082 | 0.004 | 0.030 | |
2.4 饲粮中添加不同水平的维生素A对鸡蛋维生素A不同形态占比的影响
表5 饲粮中添加不同水平的维生素A对鸡蛋维生素A不同形态占比的影响Table 5 Effects of different dietary levels of vitamin A on proportion of different forms of vitamin A in eggs % |
| 项目 Items | 视黄醇 Retinol | 视黄醇棕榈酸酯 Retinol palmitate | 视黄醇硬脂酸酯 Retinol stearate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 维生素A添加水平 Vitamin A supplemental levels/(IU/kg) | 2 000 | 70.60±13.63 | 10.47±2.40bc | 1.50±0.37b |
| 4 000 | 72.85±6.39 | 10.21±0.92c | 1.72±0.31b | |
| 8 000 | 71.52±4.15 | 12.74±1.31b | 1.90±0.23ab | |
| 16 000 | 63.31±6.29 | 12.83±1.91b | 2.38±0.52a | |
| 32 000 | 72.27±7.60 | 18.06±1.02a | 2.37±0.31a | |
| P值P-value | ||||
| 处理Treatment | 0.467 | <0.001 | 0.009 | |
| 线性Linear | 0.831 | <0.001 | 0.001 | |
| 二次Quadratic | 0.154 | 0.544 | 0.049 | |
