1 材料与方法
1.1 试验设计
表1 试验牛分组情况Table 1 Grouping of experimental dairy cattle |
| 项目Items | 对照组Control group | 试验组Experimental group |
|---|---|---|
| 奶牛头数Number of dairy cows | 194 | 194 |
| 胎次Parity | 2.39±0.81 | 2.16±1.17 |
| 泌乳天数Lactation days/d | 190.7±104.9 | 185.9±124.4 |
| 平均产奶量Average milk yield/(kg/d) | 31.31±6.78 | 31.16±6.65 |
1.2 基础饲粮
表2 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(干物质基础)Table 2 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (DM basis) % |
| 项目Items | 含量Content | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |||
| 全株玉米青贮Whole corn silage | 25.99 | ||
| 苜蓿干草Alfalfa hay | 11.52 | ||
| 燕麦干草Oat grass hay | 6.24 | ||
| 精补料1700 Concentrate supplement 17001) | 35.58 | ||
| 压片玉米Corn tablet | 9.33 | ||
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 6.88 | ||
| 糖蜜Molasses | 2.31 | ||
| 玉米干酒糟及其可溶物Corn DDGS | 0.65 | ||
| 小苏打NaHCO3 | 0.64 | ||
| 美加力Mecalix2) | 0.43 | ||
| 酵母Yeast | 0.43 | ||
| 合计Total | 100.00 | ||
| 营养水平Nutrient levels3) | |||
| 泌乳净能能NEL/(MJ/kg) | 7.32 | ||
| 粗蛋白质CP | 16.59 | ||
| 可利用粗蛋白质UCP/(g/kg) | 83.85 | ||
| 瘤胃降解蛋白RDP/(g/kg) | 60.90 | ||
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 32.25 | ||
| 项目Items | 含量Content | ||
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 18.11 | ||
| 无氮浸出物NFE | 25.96 | ||
| 粗脂肪EE | 3.50 | ||
| 粗灰分Ash | 3.90 | ||
| 钙Ca | 0.34 | ||
| 磷P | 0.18 |
1)精补料1700为商品饲料,经第三方检测养分含量为:干物质88%、粗蛋白质21.3%、可溶性蛋白4.3%、酸性洗涤不溶蛋白1.19%、中性洗涤不溶蛋白1.86%、酸性洗涤纤维11.3%、中性洗涤纤维29.7%、木质素3.53%、淀粉26.5%。The concentrate supplement 1700 is a commercial feed, and the nutrient contents are tested by a third party as follows: 88% dry matter, 21.3% crude protein, 4.3% soluble protein, 1.19% acid detergent insoluble protein, 1.86% neutral detergent insoluble protein, 11.3% acid detergent fiber, 29.7% neutral detergent fiber, 3.53% lignin and 26.5% starch. 2)美加力主要成分为脂肪酸钙盐。The main component of Mecalix is fatty acid calcium salt. 3)泌乳净能为计算值[参照NRC(2001)],其余营养水平均为实测值。NEL is a calculated value according to NRC(2001), while the other nutrient levels are measured values. |
1.3 复合有机酸添加方法
1.4 饲养管理
1.5 采食量、产奶量及乳成分测定
1.6 养分表观消化率测定
1.7 消化生理指标测定
1.8 数据统计分析
2 结果
2.1 复合有机酸对泌乳奶牛生产性能和乳品质的影响
表3 复合有机酸对泌乳奶牛生产性能和乳品质的影响Table 3 Effects of complex organic acids on performance and milk quality of lactating dairy cows |
| 项目 Items | 对照 Control group | 试验组 Experimental group | SEM | P值P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 干物质采食量DMI/(kg/d) | 21.87 | 22.71 | 0.37 | 0.048 |
| 产奶量Milk yield/(kg/d) | 32.21 | 33.31 | 0.26 | 0.020 |
| 4%乳脂校正乳产量4% FCM yield/(kg/d) | 35.28 | 37.67 | 0.84 | 0.047 |
| 乳脂率Milk fat percentage/% | 4.15 | 4.35 | 0.11 | 0.032 |
| 乳蛋白率Milk protein percentage/% | 3.46 | 3.49 | 0.39 | 0.337 |
| 脂蛋比Fat/protein ratio | 1.20 | 1.25 | 0.16 | 0.062 |
| 体细胞数SCC/(×104个/mL) | 11.23 | 14.67 | 0.87 | 0.255 |
| 体细胞评分SCS | 2.28 | 2.12 | 0.49 | 0.280 |
| 乳尿素氮含量MUN content/(mg/dL) | 15.66 | 16.02 | 0.18 | 0.080 |
2.2 复合有机酸对泌乳奶牛养分表观消化率的影响
表4 复合有机酸对泌乳奶牛养分表观消化率的影响Table 4 Effects of complex organic acids on nutrient apparent digestibility of lactating dairy cows % |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 试验组 Experimental group | SEM | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 干物质DM | 64.96 | 68.64 | 1.17 | 0.071 |
| 粗脂肪EE | 80.45 | 82.22 | 1.55 | 0.503 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 75.93 | 79.44 | 1.27 | 0.104 |
| 粗灰分Ash | 47.89 | 50.17 | 0.68 | 0.061 |
| 钙Ca | 67.89 | 73.26 | 1.43 | 0.040 |
| 磷P | 48.18 | 51.03 | 1.04 | 0.104 |
2.3 复合有机酸对泌乳奶牛消化生理的影响
表5 复合有机酸对泌乳奶牛消化生理的影响Table 5 Effects of complex organic acids on digestive physiology of lactating dairy cows |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 试验组 Experimental group | SEM | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 采食时长Eating time/(h/d) | 3.60 | 4.50 | 0.09 | <0.010 |
| 躺卧时长Lying time/(h/d) | 5.90 | 5.79 | 0.29 | 0.847 |
| 咀嚼次数Chewing number/次 | 62.22 | 62.13 | 0.79 | 0.953 |
| 肢蹄评分Limb score | 1.31 | 1.34 | 0.04 | 0.740 |
| 瘤胃充盈度评分Rumen fullness score | 3.42 | 3.51 | 0.06 | 0.490 |
| 粪便评分Feces score | 2.37 | 2.49 | 0.04 | 0.111 |
| 体表清洁度评分Body surface cleanliness score | 3.78 | 3.61 | 0.06 | 0.182 |
