Effects of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Fructooligosaccharides on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility and Serum Biochemical Indices of Arctic Foxes (Alopex lagopus) during Early Growth Period

ZHANG Ting; YUAN Weitao; GUO Xiaolan; WANG Kaiying; XU Chao

doi:10.12418/CJAN2023.240

2023 , Vol. 35 >Issue 4: 2571 - 2579

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12418/CJAN2023.240

RESEARCH PAPER

Effects of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Fructooligosaccharides on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility and Serum Biochemical Indices of Arctic Foxes (Alopex lagopus) during Early Growth Period

ZHANG Ting ,
YUAN Weitao ,
GUO Xiaolan ,
WANG Kaiying ,
XU Chao ^,^*

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Special Animal Microbial Feed Engineering Research Center of Jilin Province, Special Animal Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization Innovation Engineering Center, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun 130112, China

*professor, E-mail: xuchao@caas.cn

Received date: 2022-09-08

Online published: 2023-04-12

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Abstract

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and fructooligosaccharides (FOS) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and serum biochemical indices of Arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) during early growth period. Sixty male post-litter Arctic foxes with the average body weight of (1.16±0.15) kg and at the age of (45±3) days were randomly assigned to 4 groups with 3 replicates per group and 5 foxes per replicate. The foxes were fed the following diets, respectively: basal diet (control group), basal diet+3×10⁹ CFU/kg LAB (LAB group), basal diet+5 g/kg FOS (FOS group) and basal diet+3×10⁹ CFU/kg LAB+5 g/kg FOS (LAB+FOS group). The experiment lasted for 30 days. The results showed as follows: 1) on the days 1 to 15, the diarrhea rate of foxes in the LAB group and LAB+FOS group was significantly lower than that in the control group and FOS group (P<0.05). On the days 16 to 30, the average daily gain of foxes in the LAB+FOS group was significantly higher than that in the control group and FOS group (P<0.05), but had no significant difference with LAB group (P>0.05); the diarrhea rate of foxes in the LAB+FOS group was significantly lower than that in the control group and FOS group (P<0.05), but had no significant difference with LAB group (P>0.05); compared with the FOS group, the feed to gain ratio of foxes in the LAB+FOS group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). 2)The dry matter digestibility of foxes in the LAB+FOS group was significantly higher than that in the control group and FOS group (P<0.05), but had no significant difference with LAB group (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in nitrogen intake, fecal nitrogen, urine nitrogen, nitrogen deposition, net protein utilization and protein biological value among all groups (P>0.05). 3) Serum total protein (TP) content of foxes in the LAB+FOS group was significantly higher than that in the FOS group (P<0.05), but had no significant difference with control group and LAB group (P>0.05). Serum albumin (ALB) content of foxes in the LAB group was significantly higher than that in the control group and FOS group (P<0.05), but had no significant difference with LAB+FOS group (P>0.05). Serum urea nitrogen (UN) content of foxes in the LAB+FOS group was significantly decreased compared with the control group (P<0.05). In conclusion, the combined supplementation of 3×10⁹ CFU/kg LAB and 5 g/kg FOS in the diet is beneficial to reduce diarrhea rate, improve dry matter digestibility, improve body immune level, and promote the growth of Arctic foxes during early growth period.

Key words： Arctic foxes; lactic acid bacteria; fructooligosaccharides; growth performance; nutrient digestibility

Cite this article

ZHANG Ting , YUAN Weitao , GUO Xiaolan , WANG Kaiying , XU Chao . Effects of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Fructooligosaccharides on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility and Serum Biochemical Indices of Arctic Foxes (Alopex lagopus) during Early Growth Period[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2023 , 35(4) : 2571 -2579 . DOI: 10.12418/CJAN2023.240

饲料禁抗后,益生菌和益生元因其安全、无污染、不产生耐药性等优点成为畜禽养殖业广泛应用的抗生素替代品。乳酸菌(LAB)是常用的益生菌制剂,大量研究证实在饲粮中添加乳酸菌可以改善幼龄动物肠道菌群结构,促进营养物质的消化利用,进而提高生长性能^[1⇓-3]。果寡糖(FOS)属于非消化性碳水化合物,是畜禽生产中常用的益生元。果寡糖进入宿主肠道后,可作为乳酸菌等有益菌的发酵底物被利用,产生乳酸等酸性物质,抑制了大肠杆菌等有害菌的增殖,进而达到平衡肠道菌群的作用^[4]。此外,果寡糖在肠道中的发酵使食糜的停留时间延长,有利于饲料中营养物质的进一步吸收。研究表明,在畜禽饲粮中添加果寡糖可提高饲料利用率,减少腹泻发生^[5-6]。幼龄狐由于消化系统发育不成熟,抵抗病原微生物和应激能力弱,断奶分窝后一段时间内易患肠应激综合征等肠道疾病,导致腹泻率增加、饲料消化吸收率和生长性能下降。贡筱等^[7]研究发现,饲粮中添加粪肠球菌或枯草芽孢杆菌可显著提高育成期北极狐的生长性能和蛋白质表观消化率。郭俊刚等^[8]在冬毛期北极狐上的试验结果表明,饲粮中添加粪肠球菌可提高平均日增重、蛋白质和脂肪消化率,降低氮排出量。张婷等^[9]报道,当北极狐日采食活乳酸菌数达到3×10⁹ CFU/mL时即可促进其生长,粗脂肪和总能表观消化率显著提高。Swanson等^[10]在犬上的研究表明,果寡糖通过积极改变肠道微生态和粪便蛋白质分解代谢产物改善犬肠道健康指数,而乳酸菌与果寡糖一起饲喂比单独饲喂乳酸菌更有效。然而,目前有关果寡糖在北极狐生产中应用的研究鲜有报道,也未见有关于益生菌和果寡糖组合效应的研究报道。因此,本试验旨在探讨乳酸菌和果寡糖联用对育成早期北极狐生长性能、营养物质消化率及血清生化指标的影响,以期为北极狐健康养殖提供科学依据。

1 材料与方法

1.1 试验材料

乳酸菌由中国农业科学院特产研究所特种动物营养与饲养创新团队分离保藏,活菌数为3×10⁹ CFU/mL。果寡糖为市售,纯度≥95%。基础饲粮为干粉,由吉林省某农业公司配制。试验狐选自农业部长白山野生生物资源重点野外科学观测试验站。饲养试验于2020年6—7月在中国农业科学院特产研究所左家动物试验站进行。

1.2 试验方法

1.2.1 试验设计与饲养管理

选取60只平均体重为(1.16±0.15) kg分窝后雄性北极狐[(45±3)日龄],随机分成4组,每组3个重复,每个重复5只,分别饲喂以下饲粮:基础饲粮(对照组)、基础饲粮+3×10⁹ CFU/kg乳酸菌(LAB组)、基础饲粮+5 g/kg果寡糖(FOS组)、基础饲粮+3×10⁹ CFU/kg乳酸菌+5 g/kg果寡糖(LAB+FOS组)。乳酸菌添加量参考张婷等^[9]在北极狐上的试验,果寡糖添加量参考Swanson等^[10]在犬上的试验。所有试验狐于室外单笼饲养,自由采食并保证充足的饮水,每天早晚各饲喂1次,乳酸菌和果寡糖在饲喂前以每组动物给料量为基础按比例添加并充分混匀。试验期共37 d,其中预试期7 d,正试期30 d。基础饲粮以膨化玉米、豆粕、鱼粉、肉骨粉、玉米蛋白粉、豆油等为主要原料,同时添加由矿物质、维生素等组成的营养性添加剂制成,其组成及营养水平见表1。每隔15 d天称重1次同时记录采食量,以计算平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比。每天观察记录所有试验狐的腹泻情况。每只狐腹泻1 d记为1个腹泻只次,试验结束后计算各组的腹泻率。

表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)

Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (air-dry basis) %

项目Items		含量Content
原料Ingredients
膨化玉米Extrusion corn		38.50
豆粕Soybean meal		18.00
鱼粉Fish meal		12.00
肉骨粉Meat and bone meal		5.00
干酒糟及其可溶物DDGS		8.00
玉米蛋白粉Corn gluten meal		8.00
乳清粉Whey powder		3.00
豆油Soybean oil		6.00
食盐NaCl		0.50
预混料Premix¹⁾		1.00
合计Total		100.00
营养水平Nutrient levels²⁾
代谢能ME/(MJ/kg)		16.13
粗蛋白质Crude protein		30.44
粗脂肪Ether extract		9.36
项目Items		含量Content
粗灰分Ash		8.12
钙Calcium		1.96
磷Phosphorous		1.02

1)每千克预混料含有One kilogram of premix contained the following:VA 300 000 IU,VD₃ 200 000 IU,VE 2 000 IU,VK₃ 50 mg,VB₁ 400 mg,VB₂ 500 mg,VB₆ 200 mg,VB₁₂ 4.2 mg,叶酸 folic acid 50 mg,泛酸 pantothenic acid 200 mg,生物素 biotin 16 mg,氯化胆碱 choline chloride 12 000 mg,VC 12 000 mg,Fe 4 000 mg,Zn 3 200 mg,Mn 600 mg,I 8 mg,Cu 500 mg。

2)粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗灰分、钙、磷为测定值,代谢能依据NRC(1982)^[11]中单位质量饲粮中三大营养物质提供的代谢能计算得出,其中每克蛋白质提供代谢能4.5 kcal、每克脂肪提供代谢能9.5 kcal、每克碳水化合物提供代谢能4.0 kcal^[10]。Crude protein, ether extract, calcium and phosphorous were measured values. ME was calculated according to the metabolic energy provided by the three major nutrients per unit weight of diet in NRC (1982), each gram of protein provided 4.5 kcal of metabolic energy, each gram of fat provided 9.5 kcal of metabolic energy, and each gram of carbohydrate provided 4.0 kcal of metabolic energy^[10].

腹泻率(%)=[腹泻只次总数/(试验仔狐总只数×试验总天数)]×100。

1.2.2 样品采集

从每组选出8只采食与排粪正常的健康北极狐作为消化代谢试验动物。采用全收粪法收集连续4 d的粪尿。每只试验狐的粪样混匀分成2份:一份先在80 ℃下杀菌2 h,再将温度降至65 ℃烘干至恒重,测定初水分。将干粪样粉碎过孔径为0.45 mm(40目)筛,制成样品测定粗脂肪含量;另一份鲜粪样加10%硫酸处理后于105 ℃下烘干,粉碎过孔径为0.45 mm(40目)筛,制成样品测定粗蛋白质含量。

在试验第29天,于晨饲前每组选取8只狐,用一次性真空促凝采血管进行后肢外侧小隐静脉采血5 mL,采血后立即颠倒混合5~8次,室温静置30 min,然后4 000 r/min离心5 min,取上层血清-80 ℃冷藏备用。

1.2.3 样品测定

测定基础饲粮中干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗灰分、钙、磷含量,粪样中干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪含量,尿样中粗蛋白质含量。粗蛋白质含量采用全自动凯氏定氮仪(FOSS,美国)进行测定,方法参照GB/T 6432—2018;粗脂肪含量采用脂肪提取仪(BUCHI,瑞士)进行测定,方法参照GB/T 6433—2006;钙含量测定采用乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)络合滴定法,参照GB/T 6436—2018;磷含量测定采用钒钼酸铵比色法,参照GB/T 6437—2018;干物质含量采用105 ℃烘干法测定,参照GB/T 6435—2006;粗灰分含量采用550 ℃灼烧法测定,参照GB/T 6438—1992。血清总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、球蛋白(GLB)、尿素氮(UN)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)含量及谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)活性采用全自动生化分析仪(VITALB Selectra E,荷兰)测定,试剂盒购于南京建成生物工程研究所。血清中免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量采用微孔板分光光度计(Biotek,美国)进行测定,试剂盒购自上海双赢生物科技有限公司。

1.3 数据统计与分析

试验数据采用Excel 2003进行整理,采用SAS 9.2统计软件中的一般线性模型(GLM)以ANOVA方法进行分析,腹泻率用卡方检验统计,以重复为统计单位。若组间差异显著,采用Duncan氏法进行多重比较。P<0.05为差异显著,P>0.05为差异不显著。结果以平均值±标准差表示。

2 结果

2.1 乳酸菌和果寡糖对育成早期北极狐生长性能及腹泻率的影响

由表2可知,在试验第1~15天,与对照组相比,饲粮单独添加乳酸菌或与果寡糖联用均可显著降低北极狐腹泻率(P<0.05)。在试验第16~30天,LAB+FOS组北极狐平均日增重显著高于对照组和FOS组(P<0.05),但与LAB组差异不显著(P>0.05);LAB+FOS组北极狐腹泻率显著低于对照组和FOS组(P<0.05),但与LAB组差异不显著(P>0.05);与FOS组相比,LAB+FOS组北极狐料重比显著下降(P<0.05)。饲粮单独添加乳酸菌或果寡糖以及二者联用对北极狐第15、30天体重、第1~15天生长性能指标以及第16~30天平均日采食量均无显著影响(P>0.05)。

表2 乳酸菌和果寡糖对育成早期北极狐生长性能及腹泻率的影响

Table 2 Effects of LAB and FOS on growth performance and diarrhea rate of Arctic foxes during early growth period

项目 Items	组别Groups					P值 P-value
项目 Items	对照Control	LAB	FOS		LAB+FOS	P值 P-value
体重BW/kg
第1天Day 1	1.15±0.14	1.16±0.16		1.17±0.18	1.16±0.15	0.912
第15天Day 2	1.88±0.28	1.95±0.33		1.91±0.25	1.94±0.36	0.437
第30天Day 30	2.67±0.34	2.79±0.39		2.73±0.33	2.83±0.37	0.139
项目 Items	组别Groups					P值 P-value
项目 Items	对照Control	LAB	FOS		LAB+FOS	P值 P-value
平均日增重ADG/(g/d)
第1~15天Days 1 to 15	48.66±5.83	52.67±4.34		49.33±4.24	51.93±5.89	0.086
第16~30天Days 16 to 30	52.67±6.22^b	56.03±5.36^ab		54.66±4.29^b	59.32±6.42^a	0.013
平均日采食量ADFI/(g/d)
第1~15天Days 1 to 15	179.79±1.04	182.50±1.94		176.16±2.25	186.78±2.28	0.492
第16~30天Days 16 to 30	217.90±2.04	216.69±1.47		215.50±1.78	218.55±2.55	0.779
料重比F/G
第1~15天Days 1 to 15	3.69±0.58	3.46±0.62		3.57±0.45	3.60±0.51	0.761
第16~30天Days 16 to 30	4.14±0.54^ab	3.87±0.43^ab		4.36±0.51^a	3.68±0.49^b	0.035
腹泻率Diarrhea rate/%
第1~15天Days 1 to 15	24.44±7.69^a	19.11±5.38^b		24.67±6.11^a	20.44±8.67^b	0.044
第16~30天Days 16 to 30	18.56±3.40^a	16.78±3.85^ab		19.11±4.28^a	14.33±1.52^b	0.028

	同行数据肩标无字母或字母相同表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。
	In the same row, values with no letter or the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below.

2.2 乳酸菌和果寡糖对育成早期北极狐营养物质消化率及氮代谢的影响

由表3可知,LAB+FOS组干物质消化率显著高于对照组和FOS组(P<0.05),但与LAB组差异不显著(P>0.05);各组之间蛋白质消化率、脂肪消化率、食入氮、粪氮、尿氮、氮沉积、净蛋白质利用率和蛋白质生物学效价差异不显著(P>0.05)。

表3 乳酸菌和果寡糖对育成早期北极狐营养物质消化率及氮代谢的影响

Table 3 Effects of LAB and FOS on nutrient digestibility and nitrogen metabolism of Arctic foxes during early growth period

项目 Items	组别Groups					P值 P-value
项目 Items	对照Control	LAB	FOS		LAB+FOS	P值 P-value
干物质消化率DM digestibility/%	68.16±4.63^b	70.90±3.89^ab		69.25±5.17^b	71.86±3.02^a	0.036
蛋白质消化率Protein digestibility/%	70.52±3.14	70.03±2.95		69.14±3.24	71.89±3.11	0.208
脂肪消化率Fat digestibility/%	89.14±2.16	88.98±2.33		88.03±1.79	90.46±2.94	0.424
食入氮Nitrogen intake/(g/d)	10.61±0.19	10.50±0.18		10.39±0.10	10.64±0.12	0.816
粪氮Fecal nitrogen/(g/d)	3.07±0.32	2.94±0.43		3.16±0.45	2.98±0.33	0.120
尿氮Urine nitrogen/(g/d)	4.08±0.69	3.96±0.57		3.79±0.41	3.91±0.59	0.287
氮沉积Nitrogen retention/(g/d)	3.46±0.56	3.53±0.68		3.37±0.52	3.86±0.63	0.503
净蛋白质利用率Net protein utilization/%	32.61±4.22	34.28±5.02		32.91±4.86	35.24±5.70	0.334
蛋白质生物学效价 Biological value of protein/%	45.21±4.73	46.69±4.02		44.75±5.18	49.80±6.35	0.081

2.3 乳酸菌和果寡糖对育成早期北极狐血清生化指标的影响

由表4可知,LAB+FOS组血清TP含量显著高于FOS组(P<0.05),但与对照组和LAB组差异不显著(P>0.05);LAB组和LAB+FOS组血清ALB含量显著高于对照组和FOS组(P<0.05);与对照组相比,LAB+FOS组血清UN含量显著降低(P<0.05)。各组之间血清GLB、TG、TC、IgA、IgG、IgM含量以及ALT、AST活性差异不显著(P>0.05)。

表4 乳酸菌和果寡糖对育成早期北极狐血清生化指标的影响

Table 4 Effects of LAB and FOS on serum biochemical indices of Arctic foxes during early growth period

项目 Items	组别Groups					P值 P-value
项目 Items	对照Control	LAB	FOS		LAB+FOS	P值 P-value
总蛋白TP/(g/L)	60.20±4.88^ab	64.74±5.02^a		55.15±5.87^b	65.81±6.10^a	0.011
白蛋白ALB/(g/L)	34.36±3.89^b	40.79±3.46^a		33.04±4.22^b	39.96±4.18^a	0.025
球蛋白GLB/(g/L)	25.84±3.78	24.25±3.05		22.11±4.27	25.85±3.90	0.518
尿素氮UN/(mmol/L)	6.25±0.56^a	5.89±0.59^ab		5.57±0.63^ab	5.12±0.46^b	0.029
谷丙转氨酶ALT/(U/L)	96.10±10.84	84.90±9.42		92.41±11.95	86.01±10.23	0.153
谷草转氨酶AST/(U/L)	26.55±4.03	32.01±5.16		26.30±4.69	30.98±5.15	0.087
免疫球蛋白A IgA/(ng/mL)	7.32±1.12	8.31±0.95		9.15±1.28	9.06±1.60	0.235
免疫球蛋白G IgG/(ng/mL)	15.05±2.36	14.60±2.04		16.09±2.67	15.74±2.18	0.832
免疫球蛋白M IgM/(ng/mL)	8.96±1.27	8.33±1.05		9.19±1.33	9.76±1.48	0.441
甘油三酯TG/(mmol/L)	0.56±0.28	0.51±0.19		0.59±0.30	0.50±0.27	0.821
总胆固醇TC/(mmol/L)	4.62±0.54	4.14±0.61		4.42±0.50	4.37±0.47	0.719

3 讨论

3.1 乳酸菌和果寡糖对育成早期北极狐生长性能及腹泻率的影响

幼龄北极狐在断奶分窝期间,由于受到饲粮组成、环境及管理等应激因素的影响,加之肠道微生物区系和免疫系统建立不完善,易发生腹泻、釆食量下降、免疫力降低等症状,不利于生长和健康。在饲粮中添加益生菌和益生元是缓解应激的有效手段。李雪莉^[12]研究发现,饲粮中添加植物乳杆菌可显著提高断奶仔猪平均日采食量、平均日增重,降低料重比。时祺^[13]报道,果寡糖能够增肌断奶前仔猪肠道中乳酸杆菌数量,提高乳酸杆菌菌群多样性及菌群结构稳定性,增强肠道健康水平。本试验中,饲粮中添加乳酸菌或果寡糖可不同程度提高北极狐平均日增重,降低料重比,其中以二者联合使用效果最好。在试验第16~30天,与对照组相比,同时添加3×10⁹ CFU/kg乳酸菌和5 g/kg果寡糖组北极狐平均日增重提高12.62%,料重比下降10.89%。这与赵峰等^[14]在仔猪上和朱沛霁等^[15]在肉鸡上的报道基本一致。苏勇等^[16]在断奶仔猪上的研究发现,饲粮的改变可使肠道发生短暂过敏现象,造成肠绒毛发生萎缩,肠道表面对食物消化吸收能力降低,从而引起腹泻。在本试验中,与对照组相比,同时添加3×10⁹ CFU/kg乳酸菌和5 g/kg果寡糖可显著降低不同试验阶段北极狐的腹泻率。这主要与益生菌和益生元在缓解腹泻上具有协同作用有关。一方面,乳酸菌可改善幼龄动物十二指肠、空肠和回肠的形态结构,改善肠道功能以及促进肠道上皮细胞更新^[17];另一方面,果寡糖使动物肠道乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌等有益菌发酵可利用的底物量增加^[18],发酵产生大量短链脂肪酸等使肠道pH显著下降,酸性环境抑制大肠杆菌等致病菌在肠内的定植和生长^[19]。上述结果说明,乳酸菌和果寡糖在促进育成早期北极狐生长性能和降低腹泻方面具有良好的协同作用。

3.2 乳酸菌和果寡糖对育成早期北极狐营养物质消化率及氮代谢的影响

肠道消化酶活性和肠道组织形态是影响动物对饲粮中营养物质消化吸收率的重要因素。前人的研究表明,饲粮添加乳酸菌和果寡糖均可促进幼龄动物体内消化酶分泌。陆江等^[20]在幼犬的研究上发现,复合益生菌(乳酸菌+芽孢杆菌)可以提高十二指肠和空肠胰蛋白酶、胰淀粉酶及胰脂肪酶活性。时祺^[13]报道,果寡糖能够在一定程度上增加仔猪胰腺中淀粉酶和十二指肠内容物中脂肪酶、胰蛋白酶和淀粉酶的活性。乳酸菌和果寡糖还可改善动物肠道组织形态发育。Maria等^[21]报道,果寡糖在肠道发酵产生的短链脂肪酸能够增加小鼠小肠绒毛高度和隐窝深度,使小肠结构趋于完整。李梓慕等^[22]研究发现,饲粮中适量添加乳酸菌可促进仔猪小肠的生长发育,使小肠绒毛增长、吸收面积增加,从而促进机体对营养物质的消化吸收。本试验结果表明,饲粮中同时添加3×10⁹ CFU/kg乳酸菌和5 g/kg果寡糖可显著提高育成早期北极狐干物质消化率。这是否与乳酸菌和果寡糖改善了北极狐消化酶分泌和肠道形态发育有关有待要进一步研究。

3.3 乳酸菌和果寡糖对育成早期北极狐血清生化指标的影响

益生菌和果寡糖均可以作为免疫激活剂,提高动物机体非特异性免疫水平。血清中TP由ALB和GLB组成,其含量可以反映机体蛋白质的代谢状况及体液免疫水平。杜泓明等^[23]报道,乳酸菌培养物可一定程度提高仔猪血清TP和GLB含量。王崇睿^[24]研究发现,饲粮添加果寡糖能显著提高肉鸡血清TP和ALB含量。本试验结果显示,饲粮单独添加3×10⁹ CFU/kg乳酸菌或者与5 g/kg果寡糖联合可提高育成早期北极狐血清TP和ALB含量。血清中UN是机体蛋白质代谢的产物,其含量可反映蛋白质在机体内利用情况。血清UN含量在一定范围内降低,说明动物机体对饲粮中氮、蛋白质或氨基酸利用率提高。王士长等^[25]研究发现,植物乳杆菌能够显著降低断奶仔猪血清UN含量。Min等^[26]在肉兔上的研究发现,饲粮中添加果寡糖能有效促进血液循环中的UN进入大肠,供微生物氮合成利用,提高饲粮氮的利用率。本试验结果显示,饲粮同时添加3×10⁹ CFU/kg乳酸菌和5 g/kg果寡糖可显著降低育成早期北极狐血清UN含量。此外,血清UN含量的变化与平均日增重、干物质消化率的变化相一致,这一结果同时也解释了乳酸菌联合果寡糖能提高育成早期北极狐生长性能是通过提高北极狐对饲粮的消化利用率,增加氮素等营养成分沉积率所获得的。

4 结论

饲粮同时添加3×10⁹ CFU/kg乳酸菌和5 g/kg果寡糖有利于降低育成早期北极狐的腹泻率,提高干物质消化率,改善机体免疫水平,进而促进生长。

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