1 材料与方法
1.1 试验动物及试验设计
1.2 试验饲粮及饲养管理
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(干物质基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (DM basis) % |
| 项目Items | 含量Content | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |||
| 玉米Corn | 46.30 | ||
| 进口鱼粉Imported fish meal (CP 65%) | 1.45 | ||
| 膨化玉米Extruded corn | 8.00 | ||
| 大麦Barley | 14.00 | ||
| 去皮豆粕Peeling soybean meal | 18.50 | ||
| 大豆油Soybean oil | 3.00 | ||
| 蔗糖Sucrose | 3.00 | ||
| 酵母Yeast | 1.25 | ||
| 乳化剂Emulsifier | 0.50 | ||
| 预混料Premix1) | 4.00 | ||
| 合计Total | 100.00 | ||
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |||
| 总能GE/(MJ/kg) | 18.22 | ||
| 干物质DM | 89.65 | ||
| 粗蛋白质CP | 19.78 | ||
| 粗脂肪EE | 3.39 | ||
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 13.26 | ||
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 4.46 | ||
| 粗灰分Ash | 4.61 | ||
| 钙Ca | 0.85 | ||
| 磷P | 0.58 | ||
| 赖氨酸Lysine | 1.15 | ||
| 蛋氨酸Methionine | 0.53 | ||
| 半胱氨酸Cysteine | 0.29 | ||
| 苏氨酸Threonine | 0.92 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided per kg of the diet: VA 7 000 IU, VD3 2 480 IU, VE 500 mg, 烟酸 nicotinic acid 15 mg, 生物素 biotin 0.05 mg, Fe 40 mg, Cu 8 mg, Mn 20 mg,Zn 40 mg,Se 0.4 mg,I 0.4 mg,Co 0.3 mg,NaCl 3 g,Ca 4.3 g,P 2.2 g,赖氨酸 lysine 4.3 g,蛋氨酸 methionine 2.6 g,苏氨酸 threonine 3.2 g。 2)营养水平中赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、半胱氨酸、苏氨酸为计算值,其余皆为实测值。Lysine, methionine, cysteine and threonine in nutrient levels were calculated values, while the rest were measured values. |
1.3 样品采集及指标检测
1.3.1 生长性能和腹泻情况
1.3.2 营养物质表观消化率
1.3.3 血清指标
1.4 数据统计分析
2 结果
2.1 MCFA对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响
表2 MCFA对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响Table 2 Effects of MCFA on growth performance of weaned piglets |
| 项目 Items | 添加水平Supplemental levels/(g/kg) | SEM | P值P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照 Control) | 1 | 2 | 4 | 处理 Treatment | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | ||
| 初重IBW/kg | 6.73 | 6.61 | 7.27 | 6.71 | 0.574 | 0.673 | 0.747 | 0.608 |
| 末重FBW/kg | 18.02 | 17.55 | 18.88 | 17.60 | 1.281 | 0.717 | 0.987 | 0.667 |
| 平均日增重ADG/(g/d) | 389.24 | 377.11 | 394.04 | 370.12 | 25.191 | 0.771 | 0.626 | 0.749 |
| 平均日采食量ADFI/(g/d) | 682.13 | 666.98 | 690.03 | 650.62 | 44.579 | 0.821 | 0.626 | 0.710 |
| 料重比F/G | 1.75 | 1.77 | 1.75 | 1.76 | 0.052 | 0.981 | 1.000 | 0.931 |
同行数据肩标无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with no letter or the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 MCFA对断奶仔猪粪便评分和腹泻率的影响
表3 MCFA对断奶仔猪粪便评分和腹泻率的影响Table 3 Effects of MCFA on fecal score and diarrhea rate of weaned piglets |
| 项目 Items | 添加水平Supplemental levels/(g/kg) | SEM | P值P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照 Control) | 1 | 2 | 4 | 处理 Treatment | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | ||
| 粪便评分Fecal score | 0.038a | 0.017b | 0.015b | 0.014b | 0.008 | 0.042 | 0.017 | 0.093 |
| 腹泻率Diarrhea rate/% | 3.273a | 1.430b | 1.187b | 1.187b | 0.564 | 0.016 | 0.007 | 0.050 |
2.3 MCFA对断奶仔猪营养物质表观消化率的影响
表4 MCFA对断奶仔猪营养物质表观消化率的影响Table 4 Effects of MCFA on nutrient apparent digestibility of weaned piglets % |
| 项目 Items | 添加水平Supplemental levels/(g/kg) | SEM | P值P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照 Control) | 1 | 2 | 4 | 处理 Treatment | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | ||
| 干物质DM | 82.16 | 84.56 | 84.07 | 84.08 | 1.337 | 0.350 | 0.248 | 0.242 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 77.80 | 78.40 | 78.12 | 79.01 | 1.157 | 0.763 | 0.389 | 0.862 |
| 粗脂肪EE | 67.46b | 72.38ab | 69.40b | 75.86a | 2.375 | 0.034 | 0.018 | 0.659 |
| 有机物OM | 85.83 | 87.31 | 87.15 | 87.09 | 0.754 | 0.257 | 0.168 | 0.189 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 58.52 | 57.51 | 54.86 | 57.35 | 4.767 | 0.884 | 0.693 | 0.617 |
| 酸洗洗涤纤维ADF | 36.89 | 42.90 | 40.72 | 39.34 | 5.368 | 0.731 | 0.768 | 0.359 |
2.4 MCFA对断奶仔猪血清指标的影响
2.4.1 MCFA对断奶仔猪血清生化指标的影响
表5 MCFA对断奶仔猪血清生化指标的影响Table 5 Effects of MCFA on serum biochemical indexes of weaned piglets |
| 项目 Items | 添加水平Supplemental levels/(g/kg) | SEM | P值P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照 Control) | 1 | 2 | 4 | 处理 Treatment | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | ||
| 总蛋白TP/(g/L) | 66.37 | 64.61 | 64.92 | 63.05 | 1.753 | 0.335 | 0.098 | 0.968 |
| 白蛋白ALB/(g/L) | 36.44 | 36.40 | 36.41 | 36.48 | 1.685 | 1.000 | 0.984 | 0.965 |
| 球蛋白GLB/(g/L) | 29.93 | 28.20 | 28.51 | 26.58 | 1.608 | 0.256 | 0.070 | 0.928 |
| 尿素氮UN/(mmol/L) | 2.86 | 2.71 | 2.84 | 3.00 | 0.259 | 0.743 | 0.521 | 0.405 |
| 肌酐CRE/(μmol/L) | 119.90a | 122.00a | 119.68a | 103.88b | 6.518 | 0.041 | 0.024 | 0.066 |
| 碱性磷酸酶ALP/(U/L) | 322.04a | 324.05a | 295.65b | 322.65a | 9.338 | 0.012 | 0.343 | 0.057 |
2.4.2 MCFA对断奶仔猪血清抗氧化指标的影响
表6 MCFA对断奶仔猪血清抗氧化指标的影响Table 6 Effects of MCFA on serum antioxidant indexes of weaned piglets |
| 项目 Items | 添加水平Supplemental levels/(g/kg) | SEM | P值P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照 Control) | 1 | 2 | 4 | 处理 Treatment | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | ||
| 总抗氧化能力T-AOC/(U/mL) | 5.24 | 5.38 | 5.49 | 5.61 | 0.283 | 0.602 | 0.190 | 0.959 |
| 超氧化物歧化酶SOD/(U/mL) | 182.40 | 183.82 | 189.18 | 197.52 | 5.569 | 0.071 | 0.014 | 0.397 |
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px/(U/mL) | 928.54 | 977.45 | 965.66 | 965.15 | 40.757 | 0.663 | 0.462 | 0.408 |
| 丙二醛MDA/(nmol/mL) | 5.04a | 4.74ab | 4.34b | 4.39b | 0.244 | 0.045 | 0.010 | 0.311 |
2.4.3 MCFA对断奶仔猪血清免疫指标的影响
表7 MCFA对断奶仔猪血清免疫指标的影响Table 7 Effects of MCFA on serum immune indexes of weaned piglets g/L |
| 项目 Items | 添加水平Supplemental levels/(g/kg) | SEM | P值P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照 Control) | 1 | 2 | 4 | 处理 Treatment | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | ||
| 免疫球蛋白G IgG | 8.76 | 8.93 | 8.99 | 8.89 | 0.181 | 0.641 | 0.430 | 0.324 |
| 免疫球蛋白A IgA | 1.16b | 1.26a | 1.26a | 1.24a | 0.314 | 0.018 | 0.026 | 0.016 |
| 免疫球蛋白M IgM | 0.90 | 0.96 | 0.95 | 0.93 | 0.023 | 0.073 | 0.342 | 0.018 |
