Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition >

2023 , Vol. 35 >Issue 6: 3574 - 3582

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12418/CJAN2023.333

RESEARCH PAPER

Effects of Corn Distillers’ Dried Grains with Solubles Adding Proportion on Pellet Feed Hardness, Growth Performance and Nutrient Apparent Digestibility of Finishing Pigs

  • LI Xing , 1 ,
  • XU Chuanxiang 1 ,
  • YANG Jie , 1, 2, * ,
  • LI Junguo , 1, 2, * ,
  • LI Jun 1 ,
  • DONG Yingchao 1 ,
  • NIU Libin 1 ,
  • SHANG Fangfang 1
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  • 1 Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
  • 2 Laboratory of Feed-Derived Factor Risk Assessment for Animal Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
*YANG Jie, associate professor, E-mail: ;
LI Junguo, professor, E-mail:

Received date: 2022-12-16

  Online published: 2023-06-08

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Abstract

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of corn distillers’ dried grains with solubles (DDGS) adding proportion on the pellet feed hardness, growth performance and nutrient apparent digestibility of finishing pigs. A total of 120 “Large×Landrace×Duroc” castrated male pigs with initial body weight of (67.07±0.26) kg were randomly divided into 6 groups with 5 replicates in each group and 4 pigs in each replicate. Pigs in control group (D0 group) were fed a pellet feed without corn DDGS, while those in experimental groups were fed pellet feeds supplemented with 6% (D6 group), 12% (D12 group), 18% (D18 group), 24% (D24 group) and 30% corn DDGS (D30 group), respectively. A 50-day feeding experiment was carried out, which was divided into two stages: early stage (days 1 to 28) and late stage (days 29 to 50). The results showed as follows: 1) in terms of pellet feed hardness, with the increase of corn DDGS adding proportion, the hardness of pellet feed increased significantly (P<0.05). 2) In terms of growth performance, compared with the D0 group, the average daily gain and the average daily feed intake of pigs on days 29 to 50 and days 1 to 50 were significantly decreased in the D24 and D30 groups (P<0.05), and the feed-to-gain ratio on days 29 to 50 and days 1 to 50 was significantly decreased in the D24 and D30 groups (P<0.05). On each stage of feeding experiment, the average daily gain and average daily feed intake and feed-to-gain ratio of pigs in the D18 group were not significantly different compared with the D0 group (P>0.05). 3) In terms of the nutrient apparent digestibility, with the increase of corn DDGS adding proportion, the apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude protein decreased on the whole, the apparent digestibility of dry matter in the D30 group was significantly lower than that in the other groups (P<0.05), and the apparent digestibility of crude protein in the D6 group was significantly lower than that in the other groups (P<0.05). The apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude protein were not significantly different among D0, D12, D18 and D24 groups (P>0.05). In conclusion, the adding proportions of corn DDGS no more than 18% in the diet have no significant effects on the growth performance and the apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude protein of finishing pigs, but also contribute to improve the pellet feed hardness.

Key words： corn DDGS; pellet feed hardness; finishing pigs; growth performance; digestive performance

Cite this article

LI Xing , XU Chuanxiang , YANG Jie , LI Junguo , LI Jun , DONG Yingchao , NIU Libin , SHANG Fangfang . Effects of Corn Distillers’ Dried Grains with Solubles Adding Proportion on Pellet Feed Hardness, Growth Performance and Nutrient Apparent Digestibility of Finishing Pigs[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2023 , 35(6) : 3574 -3582 . DOI: 10.12418/CJAN2023.333

玉米干酒糟及其可溶物(DDGS)是一种玉米发酵生产酒精的工业副产物,在酒精生产过程中,酵母菌进行无氧呼吸,将淀粉转化成二氧化碳和酒精,而除淀粉以外的营养物质均被保留,发酵后的酒糟经固液分离的滤渣干燥后产物即为玉米DDGS。玉米DDGS营养含量丰富,粗蛋白质含量明显高于玉米,一般在24%~28%,赖氨酸和粗蛋白质含量达到豆粕的25%和60%[1];粗脂肪含量较高,在6%~11%,其中不饱和脂肪含量较高,可达2.3%;由于经过发酵处理,与玉米相比,玉米DDGS所含的能量显著降低;矿物质含量较高,尤其是磷的含量,微生物的发酵作用使大量植酸磷转化为可利用磷[2]。此外,由于微生物的作用,发酵后的玉米DDGS与玉米原料相比,B族维生素、酵母菌体和维生素E含量均较高,并且发酵后的玉米DDGS中含有未知促生长因子[3]。与豆粕相比,玉米DDGS中含有较多的粗纤维,粗脂肪含量较高,其他营养成分含量较为接近,并且玉米DDGS和豆粕的表观代谢能和粗蛋白质表观消化率差异不显著,这说明玉米DDGS可替代豆粕作为蛋白质饲料原料应用于动物饲粮中[4]。但由于玉米DDGS含有较高的纤维素,在单胃动物的饲粮中要注意控制用量。近年来,豆粕原料价格大幅上升,蛋白质饲料原料紧缺,寻找本土产量高、价格适宜、营养丰富的豆粕替代品的需求强烈,而玉米DDGS作为工业副产物,价格适宜,且有较大的市场供应量,将其作为豆粕替代品应用在饲粮中可以降低饲料成本,缓解蛋白质饲料原料紧缺的现状。
相关研究表明玉米或其他原料生产的DDGS是对畜禽具有良好营养价值的蛋白质饲料原料,是理想的豆粕替代原料,在育肥猪饲粮中可添加10%~20%[5-6]。Hong等[7]研究表明,在饲粮中添加大米DDGS饲喂生长猪,对生长猪的饲料转化率、平均日增重无显著影响。DDGS在仔猪、育肥猪饲粮中的用量可高达20%,对于妊娠母猪和种公猪,其饲粮中DDGS添加量可达40%,但饲粮中DDGS添加量过高可能会影响猪的肠道健康,降低其生长性能及屠宰性能,还会对猪肉贮藏加工产生不利影响[8⇓⇓⇓-12]。目前已有研究表明了玉米DDGS作为蛋白质饲料应用于畜禽饲粮中的可行性,但对于其在育肥猪饲粮中的最适添加比例以及添加玉米DDGS对颗粒饲料硬度的影响还需进一步研究。因此,本试验通过研究玉米DDGS添加比例对育肥猪颗粒饲料硬度、生长性能及营养物质表观消化率的影响,以期为玉米DDGS在育肥猪上的推广应用提供数据参考和科学指导。

1 材料与方法

1.1 试验设计

采用单因素试验设计,将120头初始体重为(67.07±0.26) kg的“大×长×杜”三元杂交育肥去势公猪随机分为6组,每组设置5个重复,每个重复4头猪,进行为期50 d的饲养试验,饲养试验分为前期(第1~28天)和后期(第29~50天)2个阶段。设计6种饲粮,对照组(D0组)饲喂不添加玉米DDGS的饲粮,试验组饲喂DDGS添加比例分别为6%(D6组)、12%(D12组)、18%(D18组)、24%(D24组)、30%(D30组)的饲粮。试验饲粮配制参照文献[13],其组成及营养水平见表1。
表1 试验饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)

Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of experimental diets (air-dry basis)%

项目
Items		 玉米DDGS添加比例 Corn DDGS adding proportions/%
0 6 12 18 24 30
原料 Ingredients
玉米 Corn 68.00 66.60 65.61 64.21 63.22 63.99
豆粕 Soybean meal 14.57 12.17 8.50 5.35 2.35
小麦麸 Wheat bran 12.00 10.19 9.50 8.50 6.56 2.06
玉米DDGS Corn DDGS 6.00 12.00 18.00 24.00 30.00
豆油 Soybean oil 2.00 1.50 0.80 0.20
赖氨酸 Lys 0.25 0.35 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.67
蛋氨酸 Met 0.01 0.01 0.01
石粉 Limestone 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98
磷酸二氢钙 Ca(H2PO4)2 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48
苏氨酸 Thr 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.16 0.19 0.20
食盐 NaCl 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30
氯化胆碱Choline chloride (50%) 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10
沸石粉 Zeolite powder 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
预混料 Premix1) 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22
合计 Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
营养水平 Nutrient levels2)
代谢能 ME/(MJ/kg) 13.65 13.60 13.48 13.39 13.44 13.69
粗蛋白质 CP 14.03 14.21 14.14 14.24 14.27 14.27
钙 Ca 0.51 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.51
总磷 TP 0.49 0.50 0.51 0.52 0.52 0.51
有效磷 AP 0.24 0.25 0.27 0.28 0.30 0.31
赖氨酸 Lys 0.80 0.79 0.78 0.79 0.79 0.79
蛋氨酸 Met 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.23 0.24
蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸 Met+Cys 0.45 0.45 0.44 0.43 0.42 0.42
苏氨酸 Thr 0.61 0.59 0.57 0.59 0.60 0.58

1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供The premix provided the following per kg of diets:VA 5 512 IU,VD3 2 250 IU,VE 24 mg,VK3 3 mg,VB1 3 mg,VB2 6 mg,VB12 24 μg,泛酸 pantothenic acid 15 mg,叶酸 folic acid 1.2 mg,生物素biotin 150 μg,Mn (as manganese sulfate) 15 mg,Zn (as zinc sulfate) 70 mg,Fe (as ferrous sulfate) 70 mg,Cu (as copper sulfate) 5 mg,Se (as sodium selenite) 0.3 mg,I (as potassium iodide) 0.3 mg。

2)粗蛋白质为实测值,其他营养水平为计算值。CP was a measured value, while the other nutrient levels were calculated values.

1.2 颗粒饲料加工

在相同粉碎粒度(2.5 mm筛片孔径)、制粒条件(调质温度80 ℃、模孔直径3 mm、模孔长径比8∶1)下,按照表1的配比将各组饲粮制成颗粒饲料。

1.3 饲养管理

各组育肥猪在相同的环境条件下饲养,允许猪只自由采食和饮水,饲喂时间为每天的08:00、12:00、16:00、20:00,猪舍借助排气扇通风,每周定期消毒3次,保持舍内温度为26~28 ℃,相对湿度为60%~70%。试验期间按照生长育肥猪常规免疫程序进行免疫。

1.4 指标测定

1.4.1 颗粒饲料硬度测定

从每组的颗粒饲料中选取外观大体一致、长度约为1.0 cm的饲料颗粒30颗,参照《饲料检验化验员》[14]中的方法测定颗粒饲料硬度。

1.4.2 生长性能测定

分别在饲养试验的第27天和第49天开始控料,保证自由饮水,使育肥猪空腹24 h,试验周期内进行2次称重,分别在第28天、第50天,以重复为单位计算各组育肥猪的平均体重,准确记录每天的耗料量,计算各阶段的总耗料量。根据记录数据计算各阶段的平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG)和料重比(F/G),计算公式如下:
平均日采食量(g)=总耗料量/(头数×饲养天数);
平均日增重(g)=总增重/(头数×饲养天数);
料重比=总耗料量/总增重。

1.4.3 营养物质表观消化率测定

在饲养试验的最后3 d收集新鲜的粪样,将粪样均匀混合,并使用10%的盐酸进行固氮处理,然后于65 ℃的烘箱内干燥72 h,室内回潮24 h制成风干样,将风干样粉碎后过40目筛,保存待测。
饲粮营养物质表观消化率采用内源指示剂法测定,内源指示剂为4 mol/L盐酸不溶灰分。盐酸不溶灰分含量采用盐酸消煮法测定,粗蛋白质含量参照GB/T 6432—1994中的凯氏定氮法测定,干物质含量参照GB/T 6435—2006测定。
某营养物质表观消化率(%)=[(a1/c1-b1/d1)/(a1/c1)]×100。
式中:a1为饲粮中该营养物质含量(%);b1为粪便中该营养物质含量(%);c1为饲粮中盐酸不溶灰分含量;d1为粪便中盐酸不溶灰分含量(%)。

1.5 数据处理与分析

所有数据先用Excel 2021整理,再用SAS 9.0软件对试验数据进行单因素方差分析,并用Duncan氏法进行多重比较,结果以“平均值±标准差”的形式表示。P<0.05为差异显著。

2 结果与分析

2.1 玉米DDGS添加比例对育肥猪颗粒饲料硬度的影响

由表2可以看出,随着玉米DDGS添加比例的升高,颗粒饲料的硬度显著提高(P<0.05)。
表2 玉米DDGS添加比例对育肥猪颗粒饲料硬度的影响

Table 2 Effects of corn DDGS adding proportion on pellet feed hardness of finishing pigs N

项目
Item		 组别 Groups
D0 D6 D12 D18 D24 D30
硬度 Hardness 2 064.10
±325.72f		 2 642.90
±423.47e		 2 925.70
±501.21d		 3 268.10
±455.53c		 3 902.90
±461.32b		 5 040.00
±668.86a

同行数据肩标无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。

In the same row, values with no letter or the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below.

2.2 玉米DDGS添加比例对育肥猪生长性能的影响

由表3可以看出,第1~28天,随着DDGS添加比例的增加,平均日增重、平均日采食量均呈现逐渐下降的趋势。其中,D6组的平均日增重显著高于D0组(P<0.05),D24、D30组显著低于D0组(P<0.05),D12、D18组与D0组差异不显著(P>0.05);D30组的平均日采食量显著低于其他各组(P<0.05);D24组的料重比显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。第29~50天,D24、D30组的平均日增重显著低于其他各组(P<0.05);D30组的平均日采食量显著低于除D24组外的其他各组(P<0.05),料重比显著高于除D24组外的其他各组(P<0.05)。第1~50天,D24、D30组的平均日增重显著低于其他各组(P<0.05),料重比显著低于其他各组(P<0.05);D30组的平均日采食量显著低于除D24组外的其他各组(P<0.05)。
表3 玉米DDGS添加比例对育肥猪生长性能的影响

Table 3 Effects of corn DDGS adding proportion on growth performance of finishing pigs

项目
Items		 组别 Groups
D0 D6 D12 D18 D24 D30
第1~28天 Days 1 to 28
末重 FBW/g 87.06
±11.46ab		 87.96
±11.86a		 84.33
±14.59ab		 83.49
±10.31ab		 79.99
±13.46bc		 74.01
±12.04c
平均日增重 ADG/g 719.66
±39.17b		 756.11
±123.72a		 603.20
±85.41b		 569.10
±50.71bc		 461.36
±110.28cd		 453.19
±61.48d
平均日采食量 ADFI/g 2 473.74
±142.54a		 2 456.71
±369.39a		 2 349.07
±295.79a		 2 293.55
±208.24a		 2 178.15
±356.48a		 1 794.05
±84.63b
料重比 F/G 3.45
±0.32bc		 3.26
±0.31c		 3.91
±0.27b		 4.06
±0.54b		 4.80
±0.52a		 3.98
±0.58b
第29~50天 Days 29 to 50
末重 FBW/g 103.60
±12.33a		 103.33
±12.71a		 100.74
±16.89a		 97.62
±12.98ab		 90.80
±15.90bc		 82.01
±13.39c
平均日增重 ADG/g 857.31
±162.34a		 768.20
±67.21a		 761.93
±46.54a		 772.26
±246.80a		 540.35
±95.29b		 442.04
±45.66b
平均日采食量 ADFI/g 2 908.14
±229.81a		 2 794.75
±247.64ab		 2 659.41
±252.67ab		 2 637.62
±610.92ab		 2 320.60
±350.31bc		 1 996.69
±328.09c
料重比 F/G 3.46
±0.51c		 3.65
±0.35bc		 3.49
±0.23c		 3.51
±0.62c		 4.34
±0.63ab		 4.55
±0.85a
第1~50天 Days 1 to 50
平均日增重 ADG/g 777.01
±82.24a		 761.15
±93.55a		 718.66
±29.06a		 682.32
±151.85a		 494.27
±100.49b		 447.74
±29.85b
平均日采食量 ADFI/g 2 753.39
±318.64a		 2 597.56
±330.36ab		 2 512.00
±181.13ab		 2 364.19
±272.89ab		 2 237.50
±340.37bc		 1 886.97
±179.14c
料重比 F/G 3.55
±0.29b		 3.42
±0.31b		 3.60
±0.17b		 3.54
±0.53b		 4.58
±0.50a		 4.16
±0.42a

2.3 DDGS添加比例对育肥猪营养物质表观消化率的影响

由表4可以看出,D30组的干物质表观消化率显著低于除D24组外的其他各组(P<0.05);D6组的粗蛋白质表观消化率显著低于D0和D12组(P<0.05)。总体来看,随着DDGS添加比例的增大,干物质表观消化率和粗蛋白质表观消化率均呈现降低的趋势。
表4 玉米DDGS添加比例对育肥猪营养物质表观消化率的影响

Table 4 Effects of corn DDGS adding proportion on apparent digestibility of nutrients of finishing pigs%

项目
Items		 组别 Groups
D0 D6 D12 D18 D24 D30
干物质表观消化率
Dry matter apparent
digestibility		 90.69±0.20a 90.51±0.57a 90.63±0.17a 90.39±0.42a 90.21±0.31ab 89.67±0.22b
粗蛋白质表观消化率
Crude protein apparent
digestibility		 88.77±0.51a 87.96±0.45b 88.78±0.22a 88.41±0.51ab 88.32±0.19ab 88.09±0.38ab

3 讨论

3.1 玉米DDGS对育肥猪颗粒饲料硬度的影响

颗粒饲料硬度是指其对外界压力所引起变形的抵抗能力,是衡量颗粒饲料品质的一个重要指标,颗粒饲料硬度、成型率、粉化率三者之间具有高度的相关性。颗粒饲料硬度小则颗粒不易成型,粉化率过高,容易造成饲料浪费和动物呼吸道疾病发生率增加等问题,并且会在运输过程中发生饲料破碎和分级[15]。颗粒饲料硬度过大或者过小均会降低动物的采食量和对营养物质的消化吸收,进而影响动物的生产或生长性能[16]。相关研究表明,影响颗粒饲料硬度的因素有很多,包括饲料原料、饲料配方、饲料加工工艺等[17-18],其中饲料配方的影响较大,可占40%。Buchanan等[19]研究表明,纤维素本身没有黏结力,在一定范围内,纤维素会在颗粒内部起到骨干支撑作用,增加物料间的黏结力,有利于提高颗粒饲料的硬度,改善颗粒饲料的质量;并且,玉米DDGS中含有的纤维素在调质制粒时能吸收蒸汽而软化,起到黏结作用,从而提高颗粒饲料的硬度。当粗纤维含量过高时,由于纤维素本身的黏性较差,使饲料粒子间的结合力下降,同时也会降低物料吸收蒸汽的能力,使颗粒饲料的硬度和成型率均下降。本试验中,随着饲粮中玉米DDGS添加比例的增加,颗粒饲料的硬度逐渐增加,这是因为玉米DDGS中含有丰富的纤维,在调质过程中纤维素吸水膨胀,支撑颗粒内部结构,同时产生黏结作用,增加物料间的结合力,使颗粒饲料的硬度增加,并提高颗粒饲料的成型率。综上所述,在育肥猪饲料配方中添加少量的玉米DDGS对降低颗粒饲料的粉化率、提高颗粒饲料的硬度有一定的积极作用,但要防止用量过大导致颗粒饲料硬度、成型率和产量的降低。

3.2 玉米DDGS对育肥猪生长性能的影响

育肥猪的生长性能是反映饲粮营养水平和质量的重要指标,适宜的饲粮营养水平和颗粒饲料质量可充分满足育肥猪生长过程中的营养需要,最大化地提升育肥猪的生长性能。玉米DDGS主要通过影响颗粒饲料的硬度和饲粮营养成分进而影响育肥猪的生长性能。在一定范围内,在饲粮中添加DDGS会增加颗粒饲料的硬度,降低颗粒饲料粉化率,提高饲料的适口性,增加育肥猪的采食量,同时适量的粗纤维有助于育肥猪的胃肠道蠕动和食糜排空,并刺激其消化液的分泌,使机体更加充分地消化吸收饲粮中的营养物质,促进育肥猪的生长发育。但当DDGS添加过量时,饲粮中含有的较多纤维素会降低颗粒饲料的适口性和成型率,使育肥猪的采食量下降,还会影响饲料吸收蒸汽的能力,降低调质效果,使饲料熟化度降低,影响机体对饲粮中营养物质的消化吸收,同时过量的粗纤维会使育肥猪肠道菌群失调,导致消化不良,甚至腹泻,降低育肥猪的生长性能。相关研究表明,猪喜欢采食硬度较小的颗粒饲料,当颗粒饲料硬度高于4 000 N时,随着硬度的增加,育肥猪的采食量呈下降趋势,料重比逐渐上升。Hastad等[20]的研究结果显示,与不添加DDGS基础饲粮相比,饲粮中添加30%的DDGS显著降低了育肥猪的平均日采食量。Wu等[21]研究发现,饲粮中添加髙水平的玉米DDGS会导致生长育肥猪的生长性能降低。Linneen等[22-23]研究表明,育肥猪饲粮中添加10%~15%的DDGS对其生长性能无显著影响;饲粮中DDGS添加量到30%时,可降低育肥猪的生长性能。本试验中,随着饲粮中DDGS添加比例的增加,育肥猪的平均日增重和平均日采食量都有所下降,这与以上的研究结果相一致。从整个饲养周期看,饲粮中玉米DDGS添加比例不超过18%时不会显著影响育肥猪的生长性能,饲粮中玉米DDGS的添加比例高于18%时会显著降低育肥猪的平均日增重、平均日采食量,使料重比显著升高。这可能是由于玉米DDGS中粗纤维含量较高,饲粮中添加过多的玉米DDGS降低了颗粒饲料的质量,影响了饲粮的适口性,减少了猪对饲粮的采食量,同时过多的粗纤维会影响机体对营养物质的消化吸收,使能量供应不足,从而降低了育肥猪的生长性能[24]。

3.3 DDGS对育肥猪营养物质表观消化率的影响

干物质表观消化率是反映育肥猪对饲粮中营养成分消化吸收水平的重要指标之一。Wahlstrom等[25]研究发现,在玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮中添加20%的玉米DDGS时,生长育肥猪的料重比为3.59,显著高于玉米DDGS添加比例为5%、10%时,其粗蛋白质利用率也显著降低。贾连平[26]在育肥猪基础饲粮中添加8%、16%和24%的脱脂DDGS,结果显示添加不同比例的脱脂DDGS均显著降低了育肥猪对粗蛋白质和能量的表观消化率。郭亮等[27]研究认为玉米DDGS中粗蛋白质的表观消化率与中性洗涤纤维的表观消化率呈正相关,随着饲粮粗纤维含量的增加,粗蛋白质的表观消化率逐渐降低。以上研究均与本试验结果相一致。本试验中,饲粮中添加不同比例的玉米DDGS时,干物质表观消化率和粗蛋白质表观消化率均低于对照组,且随着玉米DDGS添加比例的增加,干物质表观消化率和粗蛋白质表观消化率总体上均呈降低的趋势。这可能是因为玉米DDGS中含有未完全发酵的非淀粉性多糖,其抗营养作用抑制了肠道对营养物质的消化吸收,导致消化率的降低;还可能是因为玉米DDGS中粗纤维含量高于玉米和豆粕,半纤维素和果胶溶于水后产生黏性,导致肠内食糜黏度增加,延长了食糜在肠道内的停留时间,同时纤维素还会对消化酶形成屏障作用,抑制消化酶的酶解作用,阻碍养分的充分消化吸收,尤其是影响蛋白质、氨基酸的消化吸收[26,28]。

4 结论

① 随着饲粮中玉米DDGS添加比例的增加,育肥猪颗粒饲料的硬度显著升高。
② 当饲粮中玉米DDGS添加比例不超过18%时,育肥猪生长性能没有发生显著变化,当饲粮中玉米DDGS添加比例超过18%时,育肥猪的生长性能显著降低。
③ 随着饲粮中DDGS添加比例的增加,干物质表观消化率、粗蛋白质表观消化率总体上呈降低趋势。
④ 综合本试验所测指标,育肥猪饲粮中玉米DDGS的适宜添加比例为18%,此时对育肥猪的生长性能以及干物质表观消化率和粗蛋白质表观消化率无显著影响,且有助于提高颗粒饲料的硬度。

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