1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
表1 本试验用玉米蛋白粉检测结果Table 1 Testing result of corn gluten meal used for this experiment |
| 项目 Items | 含量 Content | 项目 Items | 含量 Content | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 黄体素 Lutein/(mg/kg) | 129.00 | 谷氨酸 Glu/% | 13.53 | |
| 玉米黄质 Zeaxanthin/(mg/kg) | 147.20 | 精氨酸 Arg/% | 2.02 | |
| 叶黄素 Lutein/(mg/kg) | 276.20 | 赖氨酸 Lys/% | 0.98 | |
| 粗蛋白质 CP/% | 61.78 | 亮氨酸 Leu/% | 10.09 | |
| 钙 Ca/% | 0.02 | 脯氨酸 Pro/% | 6.17 | |
| 总磷 TP/% | 0.48 | 丝氨酸 Ser/% | 3.28 | |
| 水分 Moisture/% | 8.40 | 苏氨酸 Thr/% | 2.12 | |
| 粗脂肪 EE/% | 1.20 | 天冬氨酸 Asp/% | 3.79 | |
| 粗灰分 Ash/% | 2.00 | 缬氨酸 Val/% | 2.77 | |
| 总氨基酸(氧化水解) TAA (oxydrolysis)/% | 62.32 | 异亮氨酸 Ile/% | 2.36 | |
| 蛋氨酸 Met/% | 1.72 | 组氨酸 His/% | 1.27 | |
| 半胱氨酸 Cys/% | 1.25 | 黄曲霉毒素B1 AFB1/(μg/kg) | 34.10 | |
| 苯丙氨酸 Phe/% | 3.92 | 呕吐毒素 DON/(mg/kg) | 0.20 | |
| 丙氨酸 Ala/% | 5.33 | 玉米赤霉烯酮 ZEN/(μg/kg) | 717.10 | |
| 甘氨酸 Gly/% | 1.72 |
1.2 试验设计与试验饲粮
表2 试验饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 2 Composition and nutrient levels of experimental diets (air-dry basis)% |
| 项目 Items | 19~36日龄 19~36 days of age | 37~56日龄 37~56 days of age | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A组 Group A | B组 Group B | C组 Group C | D组 Group D | A组 Group A | B组 Group B | C组 Group C | D组 Group D | ||||||||||||||
| 原料 Ingredients | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 小麦 Wheat | 42.50 | 43.76 | 44.88 | 46.11 | 45.75 | 47.12 | 48.51 | 49.75 | |||||||||||||
| 糙米 Brown rice | 30.00 | 30.00 | 30.00 | 30.00 | 30.00 | 30.00 | 30.00 | 30.00 | |||||||||||||
| 豆粕 Soybean meal | 21.00 | 18.80 | 16.70 | 14.60 | 17.20 | 14.90 | 12.60 | 10.50 | |||||||||||||
| 玉米蛋白粉 Corn gluten meal | 1.30 | 2.60 | 3.80 | 1.30 | 2.60 | 3.80 | |||||||||||||||
| 石粉 Limestone | 1.43 | 1.44 | 1.46 | 1.47 | 1.29 | 1.31 | 1.32 | 1.33 | |||||||||||||
| 豆油 Soybean oil | 1.65 | 1.23 | 0.82 | 0.41 | 2.41 | 1.95 | 1.49 | 1.07 | |||||||||||||
| 磷酸氢钙 CaHPO4 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 1.01 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.81 | 0.82 | |||||||||||||
| 氯化钠 NaCl | 0.27 | 0.27 | 0.27 | 0.27 | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.28 | |||||||||||||
| DL-蛋氨酸 DL-Met | 0.19 | 0.17 | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.21 | 0.20 | 0.18 | 0.17 | |||||||||||||
| L-赖氨酸硫酸盐及其发酵副产物 L-Lys sulphate and its fermented by-products (70%) | 0.47 | 0.54 | 0.61 | 0.68 | 0.56 | 0.64 | 0.71 | 0.78 | |||||||||||||
| 预混料 Premix1) | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | |||||||||||||
| 合计 Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | |||||||||||||
| 营养水平 Nutrient levels2) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 表观代谢能 AME/(MJ/kg) | 12.34 | 12.34 | 12.34 | 12.34 | 12.76 | 12.76 | 12.76 | 12.76 | |||||||||||||
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 19.50 | 19.50 | 19.50 | 19.50 | 18.00 | 18.00 | 18.00 | 18.00 | |||||||||||||
| 钙 Ca | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.65 | 0.65 | 0.65 | 0.65 | |||||||||||||
| 总磷 TP | 0.58 | 0.58 | 0.58 | 0.58 | 0.52 | 0.52 | 0.52 | 0.52 | |||||||||||||
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of diets:VA 13 000 IU,VD3 2 300 IU,VE 40 mg,VK3 5 mg,VB1 6 mg,VB2 10 mg,VB6 15 mg,VB12 0.02 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 50 mg,D-泛酸 D-pantothenic acid 15 mg,叶酸 folic acid 2 mg,生物素 biotin 0.2 mg,Fe (as ferrous sulfate) 60 mg,Cu (as copper sulfate) 80 mg,Mn (as manganese sulfate) 100 mg,Zn (as zinc sulfate) 80 mg,I (as potassium iodide) 0.1 mg,Se (as sodium selenite) 0.3 mg。 2)营养水平均为计算值。Nutrient levels were calculated values. |
1.3 饲养管理
1.4 测定指标与方法
1.4.1 生长性能
1.4.2 屠宰性能
1.4.3 抗氧化指标
1.4.4 肉品质
1.4.5 肠道评分
1.5 数据处理与分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 不同水平玉米蛋白粉替代豆粕对黄脚麻鸡生长性能的影响
表3 不同水平玉米蛋白粉替代豆粕对黄脚麻鸡生长性能的影响Table 3 Effects of replacing soybean meal with different levels of corn gluten meal on growth performance of yellow feet broilers |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | C | D | |||
| 19日龄体重 BW at 19 days of age/g | 480.3±6.7 | 482.6±2.9 | 483.6±3.9 | 483.5±3.3 | 0.785 | 0.445 |
| 19~36日龄 19 to 36 days of age | ||||||
| 36日龄体重 BW at 36 days of age/g | 1 492.1±48.1 | 1 489.3±23.7 | 1 515.2±33.3 | 1 476.7±36.8 | 6.627 | 0.224 |
| 平均日采食量ADFI/(g/d) | 103.8±3.6 | 104.1±1.9 | 105.5±2.6 | 102.8±2.5 | 0.484 | 0.279 |
| 平均日增重 ADG/(g/d) | 56.2±2.5 | 55.9±1.2 | 57.3±2.0 | 55.2±2.1 | 0.364 | 0.231 |
| 料重比 F/G | 1.85±0.03 | 1.86±0.02 | 1.84±0.03 | 1.87±0.03 | 0.005 | 0.323 |
| 存活率 SR/% | 98.6±1.8 | 98.3±2.2 | 98.4±3.1 | 99.1±2.5 | 0.414 | 0.894 |
| 37~56日龄 37 to 56 days of age | ||||||
| 56日龄体重 BW at 56 days of age/g | 2 633.1±88.9 | 2 605.3±49.7 | 2 661.4±83.3 | 2 635.8±84.1 | 13.589 | 0.568 |
| 平均日采食量 ADFI/(g/d) | 143.6±4.4 | 142.2±4.2 | 146.7±8.1 | 144.5±8.2 | 1.128 | 0.575 |
| 平均日增重 ADG/(g/d) | 57.0±2.7 | 55.8±2.1 | 57.3±3.6 | 58.0±3.9 | 0.547 | 0.583 |
| 料重比 F/G | 2.52±0.12 | 2.55±0.08 | 2.56±0.08 | 2.50±0.06 | 0.016 | 0.447 |
| 存活率 SR/% | 97.3±2.7 | 95.2±3.7 | 97.0±2.1 | 97.6±1.8 | 0.482 | 0.286 |
| 19~56日龄 19 to 56 days of age | ||||||
| 平均日采食量 ADFI/(g/d) | 124.8±3.2 | 124.1±3.0 | 127.2±4.9 | 124.7±4.3 | 0.688 | 0.423 |
| 平均日增重 ADG/(g/d) | 56.7±2.2 | 55.9±1.3 | 57.3±2.3 | 56.6±2.2 | 0.355 | 0.559 |
| 料重比 F/G | 2.20±0.07 | 2.22±0.03 | 2.22±0.04 | 2.20±0.03 | 0.008 | 0.776 |
| 存活率 SR/% | 95.9±3.2 | 93.6±5.4 | 95.4±4.5 | 96.8±3.7 | 0.749 | 0.505 |
同行数据肩标无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。 | |
In the same row, values with no letter or the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as |
2.2 不同水平玉米蛋白粉替代豆粕对黄脚麻鸡屠宰性能的影响
表4 不同水平玉米蛋白粉替代豆粕对黄脚麻鸡屠宰性能的影响Table 4 Effects of replacing soybean meal with different levels of corn gluten meal on slaughter performance of yellow feet broilers% |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | C | D | |||
| 全净膛率 Eviscerated yield percentage | 70.08±1.48 | 68.80±2.37 | 70.84±1.05 | 69.65±1.15 | 0.274 | 0.053 |
| 胸肌率 Breast muscle percentage | 17.89±1.91 | 17.77±0.78 | 18.27±0.82 | 18.56±1.45 | 0.207 | 0.530 |
| 腿肌率 Leg muscle percentage | 35.61±1.19 | 35.86±0.94 | 35.03±0.76 | 36.03±1.09 | 0.166 | 0.148 |
| 翅膀率 Wing percentage | 12.51±0.48 | 12.89±0.64 | 12.47±0.43 | 12.89±0.43 | 0.084 | 0.126 |
| 腹脂率 Abdominal fat percentage | 3.41±0.74 | 3.42±1.12 | 2.61±0.70 | 3.21±0.67 | 0.138 | 0.117 |
| 皮重率 Skin weight percentage | 11.38±1.20 | 10.76±1.36 | 11.21±1.18 | 11.05±0.98 | 0.186 | 0.707 |
2.3 不同水平玉米蛋白粉替代豆粕对黄脚麻鸡肉品质的影响
表5 不同水平玉米蛋白粉替代豆粕对黄脚麻鸡肉品质的影响Table 5 Effects of replacing soybean meal with different levels of corn gluten meal on meat quality of yellow feet broilers |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | C | D | |||
| 亮度 L* | 43.00±2.13 | 41.60±1.06 | 43.00±2.50 | 43.60±1.83 | 0.318 | 0.173 |
| 红度 a* | 4.39±1.18 | 3.31±1.21 | 3.46±1.49 | 2.96±0.73 | 0.199 | 0.064 |
| 黄度 b* | 8.50±1.72 | 7.09±2.28 | 8.37±1.22 | 9.18±2.20 | 0.313 | 0.117 |
| pH45 min | 6.35±0.16 | 6.25±0.19 | 6.29±0.22 | 6.19±0.20 | 0.031 | 0.349 |
| pH24 h | 6.25±0.60a | 5.59±0.37b | 5.84±0.37ab | 6.03±0.57ab | 0.084 | 0.031 |
2.4 不同水平玉米蛋白粉替代豆粕对黄脚麻鸡抗氧化能力的影响
表6 不同水平玉米蛋白粉替代豆粕对黄脚麻鸡抗氧化能力的影响Table 6 Effects of replacing soybean meal with different levels of corn gluten meal on antioxidant capacity of yellow feet broilers |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | C | D | |||
| 血清 Serum | ||||||
| 超氧化物歧化酶 SOD/(U/mL) | 517.50±101.04 | 612.72±94.84 | 598.70±96.98 | 609.97±71.73 | 17.220 | 0.147 |
| 丙二醛 MDA/(nmol/mL) | 2.94±0.45a | 2.43±0.37b | 1.94±0.45c | 1.79±0.25c | 0.104 | 0.001 |
| 胸肌 Breast muscle | ||||||
| 超氧化物歧化酶 SOD/(U/mg prot) | 21.73±2.75 | 21.98±2.14 | 19.17±1.73 | 19.86±2.71 | 0.452 | 0.063 |
| 丙二醛 MDA/(nmol/mg prot) | 0.11±0.02a | 0.10±0.02ab | 0.08±0.02b | 0.07±0.03b | 0.005 | 0.041 |
2.5 不同水平玉米蛋白粉替代豆粕对黄脚麻鸡肠道评分的影响
表7 不同水平玉米蛋白粉替代豆粕对黄脚麻鸡肠道评分的影响Table 7 Effects of replacing soybean meal with different levels of corn gluten meal on intestinal scores of yellow feet broilers |
| 项目 Items | 胀气 Gut ballooning | 水分增多 Excessive moisture | 肠壁变薄 Thinning intestinal tract | 弹性减弱 Lack of tonus | 黏液增多 Excessive mucus | 黏膜脱落 Mucosa sloughing | 后肠段含 料量增多 Increasing of diets in hindgut | 出血性肠炎 Bloody intestinal enteritis | 气泡增多 Excessive foam | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 42日龄 42 days of age | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| A | 9 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 0 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 7 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 4 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| B | 8 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 3 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| C | 8 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 6 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 3 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| D | 7 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 1 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| P值 P-value | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.080 | 0.765 | 0.532 | 0.255 | 1.000 | 0.142 | 0.631 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 56日龄 56 days of age | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| A | 2 | 8 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 3 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 0 | 4 | 6 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| B | 6 | 3 | 1 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 8 | 0 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 6 | 4 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| C | 6 | 4 | 0 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 0 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 6 | 0 | 6 | 4 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| D | 3 | 6 | 0 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 0 | 2 | 8 | 0 | 2 | 8 | 0 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 1 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| P值 P-value | 0.198 | 0.542 | 0.300 | 0.109 | 0.853 | 0.343 | 1.000 | 0.174 | 0.332 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
A:A组;B:B组;C:C组;D:D组。表中列出的是每组各个评分(0、1、2)所出现的次数。同一日龄时,同列数据肩标无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。 | |
A: group A; B: group B; C: group C; D: group D. The times of each score (0, 1, 2) occurred for each group was listed in the table. In the same column at the same age, values with no letter or the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). |
