Effects of Selenium Yeast-Astragalus Polysaccharide Concentrated Feed on Growth Performance, Intestinal Health, Slaughter Performance and Meat Quality of Bashang Long-Tail Chickens

GUAN Lihui; LIU Haibin; ZHANG Liyong

doi:10.12418/CJAN2023.401

2023 , Vol. 35 >Issue 7: 4312 - 4320

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12418/CJAN2023.401

RESEARCH PAPER

Effects of Selenium Yeast-Astragalus Polysaccharide Concentrated Feed on Growth Performance, Intestinal Health, Slaughter Performance and Meat Quality of Bashang Long-Tail Chickens

GUAN Lihui ,
LIU Haibin ,
ZHANG Liyong ^,^*

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College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075131, China

^* professor, E-mail: slsyszly@126.com

Received date: 2022-12-22

Online published: 2023-07-11

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Abstract

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of selenium yeast-Astragalus polysaccharide concentrated feed (SACF) on growth performance, intestinal health, slaughter performance and meat quality of Bashang long-tail chickens. Four hundred 36-week-old Bashang long-tail chickens were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups with 5 replicates in each group and 20 chickens in each replicate. Chickens in the control group were fed a corn-soybean meal type basal diet, and others in experimental groups were fed basal diets supplemented with 0.3% (0.3% SACF group), 0.5% (0.5% SACF group) and 0.7% (0.7% SACF group) SACF, respectively. The experiment lasted for 50 days. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with the control group, the average daily gain of 0.5% SACF group and 0.7% SACF group was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the feed to gain ratio was significantly decreased (P<0.05). 2) Compared with the control group, the crypt depth in ileum and cecum of 0.5% SACF group and 0.7% SACF group was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the villus height/crypt depth in ileum and cecum was significantly increased (P<0.05). 3) Compared with the control group, the pH in ileum and cecum of 0.5% SACF group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). 4) Compared with the control group, the number of Escherichia coli in ileum of 0.5% SACF group was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the number of Lactobacillus in ileum was significantly increased (P<0.05); the number of Escherichia coli in cecum of 0.5% SACF group and 0.7% SACF group was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the number of Lactobacillus in cecum was significantly increased (P<0.05). 5) Compared with the control group, the slaughter rate, chest muscle rate and leg muscle rate of 0.3% SACF group, 0.5% SACF group and 0.7% SACF group were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the abdominal fat rate of 0.5% SACF group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). 6) Compared with the control group, the meat color and shear force in chest muscle and leg muscle of 0.3% SACF group, 0.5% SACF group and 0.7% SACF group were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the drip loss and cooking loss in chest muscle and leg muscle of 0.5% SACF group were significantly decreased (P<0.05). In summary, dietary SACF can improve the growth performance, slaughter performance and meat quality of Bashang long-tail chickens, improve the intestinal development, and maintain the intestinal health. Under the conditions of this experiment, dietary adding 0.5% SACF has better effects.

Key words： selenium yeast-Astragalus polysaccharide concentrated feed; Bashang long-tail chickens; intestinal health; slaughter performance; meat quality

Cite this article

GUAN Lihui , LIU Haibin , ZHANG Liyong . Effects of Selenium Yeast-Astragalus Polysaccharide Concentrated Feed on Growth Performance, Intestinal Health, Slaughter Performance and Meat Quality of Bashang Long-Tail Chickens[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2023 , 35(7) : 4312 -4320 . DOI: 10.12418/CJAN2023.401

坝上长尾鸡是河北省散养鸡种中生长性能相对稳定且蛋肉兼用的代表品种,其抗病力及抗寒性强,易饲养,对环境的适应能力强^[1-2],具有很高的饲养价值。尤其近年来随着社会经济发展,消费需求增长,品质、风味优良的坝上长尾鸡蛋、肉产品日益受到追捧,养殖规模逐年增加。酵母硒作为酵母开发出来的一种有机硒源,比无机硒利于吸收,还能够促进肠道发育,调节肠道菌群平衡,进而增加肠道的吸收能力,促进新陈代谢^[3-4]。当动物对硒的需求达到饱和时,剩余硒将储存在动物的机体内,以备动物机体后续需求。黄芪多糖是由豆科植物蒙古黄芪或膜荚黄芪的干燥根经提取、浓缩、纯化而成的水溶性杂多糖^[5],无对动物体有害物质,具有防止细胞氧化、免疫调节、抗应激、扩张血管、改善血液循环、调节生殖机能等功效^[6⇓-8]。目前,关于动物饲粮中同时添加酵母硒和黄芪多糖能否替代抗生素,并改善机体肠道发育和肉品质,尚未有相关报道。因此,本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平酵母硒-黄芪多糖浓缩料(selenium yeast-Astragalus polysaccharide concentrated feed,SACF)对开产前坝上长尾鸡生长性能、肠道健康及肉品质的影响,为绿色新型饲料添加剂在生产实践中的合理开发利用提供理论支持。

1 材料与方法

1.1 试验设计

采用单因素试验设计,选取健康状况良好的36周龄坝上长尾鸡400只,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复1只。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加0.3%(0.3%SACF组)、0.5%(0.5%SACF组)和0.7%(0.7%SACF组)的SACF。试验期50 d。黄芪多糖、酵母硒按一定比例配制成SACF,黄芪多糖含量≥98%,酵母硒含量为3 000 mg/kg。基础饲粮参照NRC(1994)蛋鸡营养需要配制,其组成及营养水平见表1。

表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)

Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (air-dry basis) %

项目Items		含量Content
原料Ingredients
玉米Corn		54.20
麦麸Wheat bran		5.30
豆粕Soybean meal		12.50
棉籽粕Cottonseed meal		2.00
鱼粉Fish meal		3.00
玉米蛋白粉Corn gluten meal		7.10
干酒糟及其可溶物DDGS		2.00
植物油脚Vegetable oil residue		0.50
豆油Soybean oil		1.50
辣椒粉Chili powder		1.00
石粉Limestone		8.60
磷酸氢钙CaHPO₄		1.00
食盐NaCl		0.30
预混料Premix¹⁾		1.00
合计Total		100.00
营养水平Nutrient levels²⁾
代谢能ME/(MJ/kg)		12.74
粗蛋白质CP		18.48
钙Ca		3.50
总磷TP		0.62
蛋氨酸Met		0.35
赖氨酸Lys		0.75
半胱氨酸Cys		0.30
色氨酸Try		0.20

1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of the diet: VA 5 200 IU,VD₃ 600 IU,VE 10 IU,VK 1.85 mg,VB₁ 0.8 mg,VB₂ 2.3 mg,VB₃ 11 mg,VB₆ 3.2 mg,VB₁₂ 0.03 mg,泛酸钙 calcium pantothenate 4.4 mg,烟酸 niacin 15 mg,生物素 biotin 0.10 mg,叶酸 folic acid 1.0 mg,氯化胆碱 choline chloride 1 100 mg,I 0.3 mg,Cu 8 mg,Fe 60 mg,Mn 30 mg,Zn 55 mg,Se 0.10 mg。

2)代谢能为计算值,其余为实测值。ME was a calculated value, while the others were measured values.

1.2 饲养管理

试验前进行笼养鸡生活所需清洗和消毒工作,包括水槽、料槽、鸡笼、鸡舍,正式进入试验后,进行日常清洗和消毒工作,消毒周期为2~3 d,每天清扫1次。试验鸡以组为单位采用阶梯式3层笼养,日常饲养及免疫均按常规饲养管理操作进行,根据坝上长尾鸡的采食情况进行投喂,自由采食,以乳头式饮水器自由饮水。自然光与人工补光相结合,每天光照时间为16 h。

1.3 指标测定

1.3.1 生长性能

每天06:00记录各组采食量,每7 d抽测试验鸡体重,分别在试验第25天和第50天按重复称量试验鸡体重,计算试验期平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)和料重比(F/G)。

1.3.2 肠道发育指标

试验第50天,每个重复中随机抽取体重相近的1只鸡,屠宰后无菌条件下剖解回肠和盲肠,用pH计(pH-STAR)测定pH。用不高于10 ℃的氯化钠溶液缓慢冲洗并收集肠道内容物,漂洗干净后采用苏木精-伊红(HE)染色,制作石蜡切片,光学显微镜下观察回肠和盲肠绒毛高度(villous height,VH)和隐窝深度(crypt depth,CD),计算绒毛高度/隐窝深度(VH/CD)。

1.3.3 肠道微生物数量

将1.3.2中收集的肠道内容物用灭菌生理盐水在无菌试管中稀释,分别将大肠杆菌和乳酸杆菌进行滴种与培养,选择适宜的浓度梯度,最后根据菌落可数性的原则对大肠杆菌和乳酸杆菌进行平板菌落计数。

1.3.4 屠宰性能和肉品质

试验第50天,每个重复中随机抽取体重相近的1只鸡,进行屠宰性能测定。禁饲12 h后,称取空腹活重,处死、放血、拔毛后进行屠宰试验,测定方法参照《家禽生产性能名词术语和度量统计方法》(NY/T 823—2004)。

分别取左右两侧胸肌和腿肌用于测定肉品质。用pH计测定胸肌和腿肌3个点的pH,取平均值;鸡肉绞碎打浆,用NR20XE肉色仪测定肉色;用滴水损失测定管测定肌肉滴水损失;取胸肌、腿肌样品称重,75 ℃蒸煮1 h,室温冷却20 min,吸去表面多余水分,再次称重并计算蒸煮损失;取胸肌、腿肌样品,去除肉样表面脂肪,装袋,冷藏熟化48 h后,室温下放置1 h,放入80 ℃恒温水浴锅,加热至70 ℃,取出肉样室温下冷却至20 ℃后,用肌肉嫩度仪测定肉样嫩度,数值用剪切力表示。

1.4 数据统计与分析

试验数据经Excel 2019整理后,使用SPSS 20.0软件进行单因素方差分析和LSD法多重比较。试验结果采用平均值±标准差表示,P<0.05表示差异显著。

2 结果

2.1 SACF对坝上长尾鸡生长性能的影响

由表2可知,与对照组相比,0.5%SACF组的ADG显著增加(P<0.05),F/G显著降低(P<0.05)。各组之间ADFI差异不显著(P>0.05)。

表2 SACF对坝上长尾鸡生长性能的影响

Table 2 Effects of SACF on growth performance of Bashang long-tail chickens

项目 Items	组别Groups				P值 P-value
项目 Items	对照Control	0.3%SACF	0.5%SCAF	0.7%SACF	P值 P-value
平均日增重ADG/(g/d)	15.14±0.18^b	15.42±0.11^b	16.19±0.07^a	15.49±0.06^b	0.025
平均日采食量ADFI/(g/d)	64.10±0.08	64.17±0.11	64.66±0.12	64.14±0.09	0.992
料重比F/G	4.23±0.04^a	4.16±0.01^a	3.96±0.02^b	4.14±0.01^a	0.040

	同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。
	In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below.

2.2 SACF对坝上长尾鸡肠道发育的影响

由表3可知,与对照组相比,0.5%SACF组和0.7%SACF组的回肠、盲肠隐窝深度显著降低(P<0.05),回肠、盲肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度显著增加(P<0.05)。各组之间回肠、盲肠绒毛高度差异不显著(P>0.05)。

表3 SACF对坝上长尾鸡肠道发育的影响

Table 3 Effects of SACF on intestinal development of Bashang long-tail chickens

项目 Items		组别Groups				P值 P-value
项目 Items		对照Control	0.3%SACF	0.5%SCAF	0.7%SACF	P值 P-value
回肠 Ileum	绒毛高度Villus height/μm	619.45±10.96	638.72±16.43	641.96±17.97	638.61±15.63	0.073
	隐窝深度Crypt depth/μm	100.98±13.75^a	99.93±12.76^a	91.02±10.60^b	91.05±11.17^b	0.025
	绒毛高度/隐窝深度VH/CD	6.13±0.90^b	6.39±0.88^b	7.05±0.96^a	7.00±0.85^a	0.048
盲肠 Cecum	绒毛高度Villus height/μm	769.55±19.87	771.68±16.17	778.72±12.02	775.05±15.37	0.065
	隐窝深度Crypt depth/μm	125.43±16.77^a	123.43±12.10^a	109.36±11.83^b	110.66±13.75^b	0.014
	绒毛高度/隐窝深度VH/CD	6.14±0.83^b	6.25±0.85^b	7.04±1.01^a	7.00±0.87^a	0.023

2.3 SACF对坝上长尾鸡肠道pH和微生物数量的影响

由表4可知,与对照组相比,0.5%SACF组的回肠、盲肠pH显著降低(P<0.05),0.3%SACF组和0.7%SACF组的回肠、盲肠pH差异不显著(P>0.05)。

表4 SACF对坝上长尾鸡肠道pH的影响

Table 4 Effects of SACF on intestinal pH of Bashang long-tail chickens

项目 Items		组别Groups				P值 P-value
项目 Items		对照Control	0.3%SACF	0.5%SCAF	0.7%SACF	P值 P-value
回肠Ileum	pH	6.04±0.08^a	5.85±0.03^a	5.06±0.05^b	5.91±0.01^a	0.037
盲肠Cecum		5.91±0.01^a	5.71±0.03^a	5.02±0.03^b	5.72±0.05^a	0.013

由表5可知,与对照组相比,0.5%SACF组的回肠大肠杆菌数量显著降低(P<0.05),0.5%SACF组和0.7%SACF组的回肠乳酸杆菌数量显著增加(P<0.05);0.5%SACF组和0.7%SACF组的盲肠大肠杆菌数量显著降低(P<0.05),0.5%SACF组和0.7%SACF组的盲肠乳酸杆菌数量显著增加(P<0.05);0.3%SACF组的回肠和盲肠大肠杆菌和乳酸杆菌数量差异不显著(P>0.05)。

表5 SACF对坝上长尾鸡肠道微生物数量的影响

Table 5 Effects of SACF on intestinal microbiota number of Bashang long-tail chickens lg(CFU/g)

项目 Items		组别Groups				P值 P-value
项目 Items		对照Control	0.3%SACF	0.5%SCAF	0.7%SACF	P值 P-value
回肠 Ileum	大肠杆菌Escherichia coli	8.64±0.10^a	8.58±0.11^a	8.05±0.07^b	8.45±0.06^a	0.045
回肠 Ileum	乳酸杆菌Lactobacillus	8.35±1.16^b	8.36±1.27^b	8.96±0.12^a	8.91±0.09^a	0.032
盲肠 Cecum	大肠杆菌Escherichia coli	6.88±0.04^a	6.71±1.01^a	5.90±1.20^b	6.07±0.43^b	0.018
盲肠 Cecum	乳酸杆菌Lactobacillus	6.69±0.28^b	6.72±0.42^b	7.75±0.02^a	7.16±0.30^a	0.013

2.4 SACF对坝上长尾鸡屠宰性能的影响

由表6可知,与对照组相比,0.3%SACF组、0.5%SACF组和0.7%SACF组的屠宰率、胸肌率和腿肌率显著增加(P<0.05),0.5%SACF组的腹脂率显著降低(P<0.05)。各组之间全净膛率差异不显著(P>0.05)。

表6 SACF对坝上长尾鸡屠宰性能的影响

Table 6 Effects of SACF on slaughter performance of Bashang long-tail chickens %

项目 Items	组别Groups				P值 P-value
项目 Items	对照Control	0.3%SACF	0.5%SCAF	0.7%SACF	P值 P-value
屠宰率Slaughter rate	79.87±2.33^b	94.36±2.18^a	98.65±2.12^a	96.55±1.65^a	0.042
胸肌率Chest muscle rate	19.55±0.75^b	25.04±0.90^a	28.04±0.98^a	28.03±1.03^a	0.023
腿肌率Leg muscle rate	9.16±0.83^b	15.95±0.78^a	18.56±0.74^a	16.91±0.81^a	0.047
腹脂率Abdominal fat rate	1.43±1.33^a	1.35±1.61^a	0.92±1.59^b	1.40±1.60^a	0.018
全净膛率Eviscerating percentage	64.84±2.56	66.43±2.49	62.59±2.48	65.23±2.37	0.067

2.5 SACF对坝上长尾鸡肉品质的影响

由表7可知,与对照组相比,0.3%SACF组、0.5%SACF组和0.7%SACF组的胸肌和腿肌肉色、剪切力显著增加(P<0.05);0.5%SACF组的胸肌和腿肌滴水损失、蒸煮损失显著降低(P<0.05),0.3%SACF组和0.7%SACF组的胸肌和腿肌滴水损失、蒸煮损失差异不显著(P>0.05)。各组之间胸肌和腿肌pH差异不显著(P>0.05)。

表7 SACF对坝上长尾鸡肉品质的影响

Table 7 Effects of SACF on meat quality of Bashang long-tail chickens

项目 Items		组别Groups				P值 P-value
项目 Items		对照Control	0.3%SACF	0.5%SCAF	0.7%SACF	P值 P-value
胸肌 Chest muscle	pH	5.68±0.91	5.53±0.06	5.71±0.91	5.65±0.09	0.089
	肉色Meat color	42.34±1.23^b	48.28±0.47^a	50.11±0.16^a	49.12±1.18^a	0.018
	滴水损失Drip loss/%	3.40±1.24^a	3.23±1.24^a	2.82±0.21^b	2.88±0.25^a	0.026
	剪切力Shear force/N	42.62±0.12^b	44.22±0.39^a	46.78±0.31^a	45.38±0.52^a	0.034
	蒸煮损失Cooking loss/%	27.64±1.90^a	26.28±1.56^a	18.64±1.92^b	26.08±1.26^a	0.044
腿肌 Leg muscle	pH	5.77±0.02	5.84±0.06	57.20±0.04	5.71±0.05	0.094
	肉色Meat color	48.39±0.87^b	58.52±0.64^a	60.96±1.31^a	59.30±0.10^a	0.016
	滴水损失Drip loss/%	5.37±0.91^a	5.34±0.89^a	5.03±0.29^b	5.28±0.23^a	0.021
	剪切力Shear force/N	47.96±0.20^b	53.11±0.43^a	57.10±0.53^a	55.56±0.30^a	0.036
	蒸煮损失Cooking loss/%	31.40±2.60^a	30.78±0.48^a	25.98±1.30^b	29.39±1.53^a	0.040

3 讨论

3.1 SACF对坝上长尾鸡生长性能的影响

黄芪多糖是中草药黄芪中最有效的活性成分,具有抗病毒、提高生产力的积极作用。酵母硒以酵母为载体,具有酵母类微生物制剂和硒元素的双重特点,易消化吸收,生物安全性高,能维持家禽最佳健康状态。近几年随着全球的“减抗”“替抗”乃至无抗战略的实施,酵母硒和黄芪多糖作为绿色、高效、安全的饲料添加剂成为研究的热点,并取得了阶段性的成果。张有增^[9]研究发现,饲粮中添加0.5%黄芪多糖可显著提高肉鸡ADG,显著降低F/G。段俊英^[10]研究表明,黄芪多糖能较好地提高白羽肉仔鸡地生长性能和免疫功能。王晓佳^[11]研究发现,饲粮中添加酵母硒可提高肉鸡的体重、体增重及饲料转化率,且鸡翅、鸡腿的比例均有所提高。本试验中,饲粮中添加SACF可降低坝上长尾鸡的F/G,分析原因是黄芪多糖与酵母硒在禽体内产生了协同效应,提高了肠道消化酶活性,保护肠道正常的微生物环境,减少鸡肠道内的炎症反应,增强抗菌和抗病毒能力,从而提高了生长性能。

3.2 SACF对坝上长尾鸡肠道pH和微生物数量的影响

众所周知,肠道的发育和健康离不开肠道微生物的定殖和肠道pH,适宜的pH能使消化细菌更活跃,对外界有害病菌抵抗作用增强。秦红等^[12]研究发现,饲粮中添加黄芪多糖能显著提高热应激蛋鸡肠道乳酸杆菌数量,降低肠道pH,造成酸性环境,使大肠杆菌等有害病菌的生长和繁殖受到抑制。陈冬梅等^[13]研究表明,饲粮硒水平达不到动物机体所需的标准时,肠道内微生物的动态平衡就会受到严重影响,并降低菌群的多样性,进而引发肠道多种肠道疾病,影响肠道的消化和吸收功能,不利于动物机体的生长发育。适量提高饲粮硒水平可有效解决上述问题。王珏等^[14]研究表明,中药富硒酵母能够促进闽中麻鸡肠道的发育,并可提高生长性能。本试验结果表明,饲粮中添加0.5%的SACF能降低坝上长尾鸡肠道pH,与以上所述文献结论一致,一方面可能是因为黄芪多糖与酵母硒产生协同效应,不会被家禽消化道前端的消化酶所降解吸收,直接进入盲肠,被盲肠内有益菌消化利用,同时抑制有害菌的繁殖,改善肠道内环境;另一方面其代谢产物可降低肠道pH,刺激肠道蠕动,利于肠道发育,促进肠道消化吸收,提高抗氧化和免疫功能,从而改善机体健康状态。此外,这种消化效益促使肠道产生大量的乳酸,降低粪便中氨气等有毒代谢物的产生,进而减少粪便造成的环境污染。但SACF是否会影响肠道菌群的群落结构和多样性,尚需要进一步的研究。

3.3 SACF对坝上长尾鸡肠道发育的影响

肠道形态结构的完整是肠道消化吸收功能的生理学基础,影响着机体吸收营养物质的能力^[13],肠道的发育和形态结构受绒毛高度、隐窝深度等因素的制约。绒毛高度与机体吸收能力呈正相关,肠道绒毛高度增加能有效地扩大肠道的表面积,使消化酶转运速率增加,食物消化吸收效率提高。隐窝深度越浅,肠道的消化吸收功能越强^[15],绒毛高度/隐窝深度的提高预示肠道黏膜结构的改善,消化吸收能力增强。李树鹏等^[16]研究发现,饲粮中添加富硒黄芪多糖能有效改善回肠的结构,对其消化和吸收起促进作用,利于机体生长发育。本试验结果表明,饲粮中添加0.5%和0.7%的SACF能够显著降低坝上长尾鸡回肠、盲肠隐窝深度,显著增加回肠、盲肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度,其原因可能是黄芪多糖与酵母硒联合发挥协同效应,将酵母硒中有毒的无机硒转变成了无毒的有机硒,进而使黄芪多糖硒化,防止肠道内细胞的氧化,修复受损的细胞及组织,促进肠道上皮组织细胞的再生,所以两者的复合添加更好地改善了肠道的形态和结构。

3.4 SACF对坝上长尾鸡屠宰性能的影响

屠宰率反映产肉性能的优劣,一直以来都受到了广大行业人士的重视,也是家禽育种、保护和开发的重要依据^[17]。屠宰率和全净膛率体现畜禽产肉性能的好坏^[18]。由于我国人民生活水平的提高,人们的饮食习惯已经有所改变,在家禽的食用部位上更多的偏向于腿、翅和胸肌,所以腿肌率和胸肌率就成为测定屠宰性能的重要指标。魏炳栋等^[19]研究发现,饲粮中添加黄芪多糖能提高肉鸡的屠宰性能。尹兆正等^[20]研究表明,饲粮中添加蛋氨酸硒可提高岭南黄肉鸡的屠宰率、全净膛率。本试验中,饲粮中添加0.3%、0.5%和0.7%的SACF能显著提高坝上长尾鸡的屠宰率、胸肌率和腿肌率,推测其原因可能是因为酵母硒能促进体内多种激素的合成与分泌,黄芪多糖协同调控脂多糖诱导的机体免疫应激,进而提升生物体内脂类物质的含量,包括甘油三酯、胆固醇等的含量,抑制脂肪在肌肉中沉积,进而实现提高屠宰性能的作用效果。

3.5 SACF对坝上长尾鸡肉品质的影响

肉品质主要从肉色、pH、剪切力、滴水损失、蒸煮损失等方面进行评定。肌肉的嫩度由剪切力反映,剪切力值越高肌肉嫩度越差^[21-22]。鸡肉鲜味受pH影响较大,弱酸性6.0时,鸡肉鲜味最优^[23]。肉色是检测肉品质最直观的指标。肌肉中水分含量变化较大,其衡量参数指标为滴水损失,系水力随着该指标的增大而降低,肉质好的肌肉滴水损失低,系水力高。陈敏等^[24]研究发现,饲粮中不同水平的酵母硒能使鸡肉色度升高,滴水损失降低。Juniper等^[25]研究表明,硒能有效提升肉品质。孙波等^[26-27]研究发现,适量的黄芪多糖、酵母硒能有效提高肉鸡胸肌pH,降低白肌肉(PSE肉)含量。与前人研究结果一致,本试验也发现适量的SACF能有效改善坝上长尾鸡胸肌和腿肌的肉色。分析其原因一方面可能是黄芪多糖是中药黄芪的主要活性成分,硒是抗氧化酶谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性成分,二者协同能提高禽类机体的抗氧化酶活性,促进动物新陈代谢;另一方面酵母硒与黄芪多糖协同能影响机体肠道微生物环境,有效提升肠道功能,提高机体营养物质的吸收利用率和代谢效率,抑制肌肉脂质氧化,提升肉质鲜嫩度,进而保证了畜禽机体的健康,这对于消费者和生产加工业都具有重要的意义。

4 结论

综上所述,饲粮中添加SACF能够提高坝上长尾鸡的生长性能、屠宰性能及肉品质,同时改善肠道发育,促进肠道健康。在本试验条件下,饲粮中添加0.5%的SACF效果较好。

References

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