Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition >

2023 , Vol. 35 >Issue 7: 4352 - 4361

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12418/CJAN2023.405

RESEARCH PAPER

Effects of Stimbiotic on Growth Performance, Intestinal Morphology and Related Gene Expression of Broilers

  • REN Yangguang , 1 ,
  • TIAN Yixiang 2 ,
  • ZHAO Yudian 1 ,
  • SI Sujin 1 ,
  • HOU Meng 1 ,
  • JIANG Ruirui 1 ,
  • KANG Xiangtao 1 ,
  • GONG Yujie , 1, ** ,
  • TIAN Yadong , 1, **
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  • 1 Key Lab of Livestock Resource (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization of The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
  • 2 College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
** GONG Yujie, lecturer, E-mail: ;
TIAN Yadong, professor, E-mail:

*Contributed equally

Received date: 2022-11-23

  Online published: 2023-07-11

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Abstract

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different supplemental levels of stimbiotic (STB) in different type of diets on growth performance, intestinal morphology and related gene expression of broilers. Using a 2×4 two-factor experimental design, eight diets were formulated using two basal diets of corn-soybean meal type and wheat-soybean meal type and four different supplemental levels (0, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) of STB, respectively. A total of 1 280 healthy 817 broilers of 1-day-old with similar body weight were randomly divided into 8 groups with 10 replicates per group and 16 broilers per replicate (half male and half female), and they were fed the corresponding 8 diets, respectively. The experiment lasted for 42 days. The results showed as follows: 1) in wheat-soybean meal type diet, compared with no STB supplementation, the supplementation of 100 mg/kg STB significantly increased the body weight of broilers at 42 days of age and average daily gain (ADG) from 22 to 42 days of age and 1 to 42 days of age (P<0.05). In corn-soybean meal type diet, compared with no STB supplementation, the supplementation of 100 mg/kg STB significantly increased the body weight of broilers at 21 days of age and ADG from 1 to 21 days of age (P<0.05), and significantly decreased the ratio of feed to gain (F/G) from 22 to 42 days of age and 1 to 42 days of age (P<0.05); the supplementation of 200 mg/kg STB significantly increased the body weight at 42 days of age and ADG from 1 to 42 days of age (P<0.05). 2) Compared with no STB supplementation, the supplementation of 200 mg/kg STB in corn-soybean meal type and wheat-soybean meal type basal diets extremely significantly increased the villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in ileum of broilers (P<0.01), and extremely significantly decreased the crypt depth in ileum (P<0.01). 3) In corn-soybean meal type diet, compared with no STB supplementation, the supplementation of 200 mg/kg STB significantly increased the mRNA relative expression levels of solute carrier family 5 member 1 (SLC5A1), solute carrier family 15 member 1 (SLC15A1), solute carrier family 2 member 2 (SLC2A2) and zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1) in ileum of broilers (P<0.05). In wheat-soybean meal type diet, compared with no STB supplementation, the supplementation of 100 mg/kg STB significantly increased the relative mRNA expressions of SLC5A1, SLC2A2 and ZO-1 in ileum of broilers (P<0.05). In conclusion, dietary STB can improve growth performance, ileum morphology, and expression of genes related to ileum barrier function and digestion and absorption of broilers, so as to maintain the intestine health of broilers. The effects of supplementation of 100 and 200 mg/kg STB in wheat-soybean meal type and corn-soybean meal type diets are better.

Key words： stimbiotic; broilers; growth performance; intestine health

Cite this article

REN Yangguang , TIAN Yixiang , ZHAO Yudian , SI Sujin , HOU Meng , JIANG Ruirui , KANG Xiangtao , GONG Yujie , TIAN Yadong . Effects of Stimbiotic on Growth Performance, Intestinal Morphology and Related Gene Expression of Broilers[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2023 , 35(7) : 4352 -4361 . DOI: 10.12418/CJAN2023.405

抗营养因子是饲粮中所含的一些对养分的消化、吸收和利用产生不利影响的物质,它们能够限制常规饲料转化效率的提高以及非常规饲料的开发利用。木聚糖是饲料谷物中主要的抗营养因子之一,它由直链木糖通过β-1,4-糖苷键连接而成[1],由于猪、鸡等畜禽自身不能产生内源性酶以消化β-1,4-糖苷键,因此木聚糖被畜禽食入后会产生很强的抗营养作用[2]。研究发现,木聚糖酶能够将木聚糖水解成低聚木糖,解除其抗营养作用,改善动物肠道健康,进而提高动物的生长性能[3]。低聚木糖作为益生元,也能够提升饲料利用率,促进双歧杆菌和乳酸菌等有益菌的增殖,提高动物的生长性能[4]。自2020年7月1日起,我国商品饲料中禁止添加抗生素(中药类除外),要求彻底解决饲料中抗生素滥用问题。因此,为了减少饲料抗营养因子带来的畜禽发病率高以及养殖成本和料重比提高等情况,亟需寻找更加安全、高效的饲料添加剂。
激发性益生元(stimbiotic,STB)被定义为任何能够激发纤维降解菌群增殖,提高纤维发酵能力,产生挥发性脂肪酸(volatile fatty acid,VFA)而不作为该微生物群生长基质的低剂量、不可消化但可发酵的添加剂[5],其中主要含有木聚糖酶和低聚木糖,通过协同双重作用机制进一步改善和发酵未消化的纤维物质,使饲料谷物中的营养物质得到充分吸收。Cho等[6]研究表明,STB改变了肠道微生物群落,促进了纤维发酵,减少了动物炎症反应,并提高了动物的生产性能;Lee等[7]也研究表明,STB能够减少坏死性肠炎带来的炎症反应,并改善肉鸡的生长性能。然而,目前对STB在玉米-豆粕型和小麦-豆粕型基础饲粮中的添加效应及其适宜添加量还鲜有报道。因此,本试验旨在探究玉米-豆粕型和小麦-豆粕型基础饲粮中添加不同剂量的STB对肉鸡生长性能、肠道形态及肠道相关基因表达的影响,为STB对肉鸡生长和肠道消化吸收及屏障功能的作用提供理论支撑,也为在肉鸡养殖过程如何实现在降低饲料成本的前提下同时提升养殖效益提供思路。

1 材料与方法

1.1 试验材料

本试验所用STB由AB Vista公司提供,主要成分为木聚糖酶和低聚木糖;试验用817肉鸡购自河南正大畜牧科技有限公司。

1.2 试验设计及饲粮

试验采用2×4双因素试验设计,使用玉米-豆粕型和小麦-豆粕型2种基础饲粮,并分别添加4个不同剂量(0、50、100和200 mg/kg)的STB。选取1 280只1日龄健康且体重接近的817肉鸡,将其随机分为8组,每组10个重复,每个重复16只鸡,公母各占1/2。8个组分别为玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮组、玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮+50 mg/kg STB组、玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮+100 mg/kg STB组、玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮+200 mg/kg STB组、小麦-豆粕型基础饲粮组、小麦-豆粕型基础饲粮+50 mg/kg STB组、小麦-豆粕型基础饲粮+100 mg/kg STB组和小麦-豆粕型基础饲粮+200 mg/kg STB组。试验期42 d。试验饲粮分前期料(1~21日龄)和后期料(22~42日龄)2阶段饲粮。基础饲粮参照NRC(1994)营养需要配制,以粉料形式饲喂,其组成及营养水平见表1。
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)

Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of basal diets (air-dry basis) %

项目
Items		 玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮
Corn-soybean meal type basal diet		 小麦-豆粕型基础饲粮
Wheat-soybean meal type basal diet
1~21日龄
1 to 21 days of age		 22~42日龄
22 to 42 days of age		 1~21日龄
1 to 21 days of age		 22~42日龄
22 to 42 days of age
原料Ingredients
玉米Corn 58.68 61.72
小麦Wheat 65.84 69.25
豆粕Soybean meal 34.18 30.45 25.76 21.59
石粉Limestone 1.18 1.11 1.18 1.11
磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 1.29 1.04 1.38 1.14
食盐NaCl 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30
大豆油Soybean oil 2.91 3.98 3.71 4.82
L-赖氨酸盐酸盐L-Lys·HCl 0.13 0.10 0.34 0.32
蛋氨酸Met 0.24 0.20 0.27 0.24
L-苏氨酸L-Thr 0.09 0.10 0.22 0.23
预混料Premix1) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
总计Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
营养水平Nutrient levels2)
代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) 12.35 12.77 12.35 12.77
粗蛋白质CP 21.00 19.50 21.00 19.50
钙Ca 0.90 0.80 0.90 0.80
有效磷AP 0.35 0.30 0.35 0.30
赖氨酸Lys 1.12 1.00 1.12 1.00
苏氨酸Thr 0.77 0.73 0.77 0.73
蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸Met+Cys 0.83 0.77 0.83 0.76

1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of diets:VA 8 000 IU,VD3 3 000 IU,VE 20 IU,VK3 2 mg,VB1 4 mg,VB2 3.6 mg,VB6 4 mg,VB12 0.02 mg,生物素 biotin 0.15 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 40 mg,泛酸 pantothenic acid 12 mg,叶酸 folic acid 1 mg,胆碱 choline 300 mg,Cu 10 mg,Fe 80 mg,Zn 75 mg,Mn 80 mg,I 0.4 mg,Se 0.3 mg,植酸酶 phytase 20 000 U。

2)代谢能为计算值,其余均为实测值。ME was a calculated value, while the others were measured values.

1.3 饲养管理

所有重复随机分配,在同一温控的鸡舍内进行饲喂。试验期间所有肉鸡自由采食和饮水,24 h光照;第1周室温控制在33~35 ℃,然后逐步降低至24 ℃,在第3周保持恒定。所有肉鸡在试验期间无任何疾病迹象。

1.4 样品采集

试验结束后,每个重复随机选取1只鸡进行屠宰解剖,取其回肠前半段1 cm,使用0.9%生理盐水缓慢冲洗肠道表面内容物后,放入4%多聚甲醛中保存24 h,用于后续肠道组织切片的制作。取回肠中段带肠黏膜组织1~2 cm,用0.9%生理盐水缓慢冲洗肠道内容物后,投入液氮中速冻,迅速转移至-80 ℃超低温冰箱中待测。

1.5 检测指标及方法

1.5.1 生长性能

分别于21和42日龄,对肉鸡进行空腹称重,计算平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG)和料重比(F/G)。

1.5.2 肠道形态

按照常规石蜡制片方法,使用苏木精-伊红(HE)染色封片,每个回肠肠道组织选取6张切片,扫描之后用Motic DSAssistant Lite软件测量回肠绒毛高度和隐窝深度,并计算绒隐比(绒毛高度/隐窝深度)。

1.5.3 肠道相关基因表达

提取肉鸡42日龄回肠样品总RNA,以β-肌动蛋白(β-actin)为内参基因,利用ChamQ SYBR qPCR Master Mix(Q311-02,南京诺唯赞生物科技股份有限公司)嵌合荧光法进行实时荧光定量PCR,检测闭合蛋白(occludin)、闭锁小带蛋白-1(ZO-1)、溶质载体家族5成员1(SLC5A1)、溶质载体家族15成员1(SLC15A1)和溶质载体家族2成员2(SLC2A2)基因表达,并使用2-ΔΔCt法计算目的基因在回肠组织中的mRNA相对表达量。

1.6 数据统计分析

采用Excel 2010预处理数据后,使用SPSS 22.0软件进行数据统计分析,其中生长性能数据采用双因素方差分析,肠道形态和肠道相关基因表达数据采用单因素方差分析,并采用Tukey多重比较检测组间差异的显著性,运用GraphPad Prism 8.0软件进行数据及图形处理。P<0.01表示差异极显著,P<0.05表示差异显著,P>0.05则表示差异不显著。

2 结果与分析

2.1 STB对肉鸡生长性能的影响

由表2可知,在小麦-豆粕型饲粮中,与未添加STB相比,添加100和200 mg/kg STB显著提高肉鸡42日龄体重和1~42日龄ADG(P<0.05);添加100 mg/kg STB显著提高22~42日龄ADG(P<0.05);添加50和200 mg/kg STB显著降低1~21日龄F/G(P<0.05)。在玉米-豆粕型饲粮中,与未添加STB相比,添加100 mg/kg STB显著提高肉鸡21日龄体重和1~21日龄ADG(P<0.05),显著降低22~42日龄和1~42日龄F/G(P<0.05);添加200 mg/kg STB显著提高42日龄体重和1~42日龄ADG(P<0.05)。
表2 STB对肉鸡生长性能的影响

Table 2 Effects of STB on growth performance of broilers

项目
Items		 时间
Time		 小麦-豆粕型基础饲粮中STB添加量
STB supplemental levels in
wheat-soybean meal type
basal diet/(mg/kg)		 均值
标准误
SEM		 P值
P-value		 玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮中STB添加量
STB supplemental levels in
corn-soybean meal type
basal diet/(mg/kg)		 均值
标准误
SEM		 P值
P-value		 P值P-value
饲粮
Diet		 STB
添加量
STB
supplemental
level		 饲粮×STB
添加量
Diet×STB
supplemental
level
0 50 100 200 0 50 100 200
平均日采食
ADFI/g		 1~21日龄
1 to 21 days of age		 43.09 38.79 40.39 40.12 0.18 0.100 33.69 33.28 35.18 34.91 0.04 0.089 <0.001 0.094 0.082
22~42日龄
22 to 42 days of age		 110.27 116.16 125.75 122.54 6.95 0.149 96.11 97.31 98.87 102.25 0.14 0.649 <0.001 0.102 0.534
1~42日龄
1 to 42 days of age		 77.50 78.42 82.33 80.59 30.14 0.204 65.66 66.08 67.80 69.40 0.04 0.499 <0.001 0.095 0.740
平均日增重
ADG/g		 1~21日龄
1 to 21 days of age		 29.59 29.11 29.94 30.18 0.35 0.742 25.41b 25.91ab 27.67a 26.84ab 0.09 0.035 <0.001 0.095 0.531
22~42日龄
22 to 42 days of age		 59.71b 62.90ab 70.26a 68.17ab 1.44 0.030 59.90 62.82 65.81 67.50 0.65 0.136 0.479 0.003 0.769
1~42日龄
1 to 42 days of age		 45.01b 46.42ab 50.58a 49.64a 0.74 0.014 43.08b 44.81ab 47.21ab 47.67a 0.50 0.038 0.014 <0.001 0.894
体重
BW/g		 1日龄
1 day of age		 43.00 43.63 42.63 43.13 0.64 0.254 43.25 42.63 42.88 43.13 0.67 0.672 0.630 0.665 0.275
21日龄
21 days of age		 634.74 625.83 641.43 646.73 2.59 0.757 551.44b 560.82ab 596.34a 579.84ab 0.03 0.034 <0.001 0.097 0.526
42日龄
42 days of age		 1 888.57b 1 946.81ab 2 116.79a 2 078.49a 1.27 0.015 1 809.41b 1 880.02ab 1 978.28ab 1 997.43a 0.04 0.039 0.014 <0.001 0.898
料重比
F/G		 1~21日龄
1 to 21 days of age		 1.46a 1.34b 1.35ab 1.33b 0.02 0.039 1.33 1.29 1.27 1.31 0.48 0.481 0.002 0.020 0.333
22~42日龄
22 to 42 days of age		 1.85 1.85 1.79 1.80 0.01 0.265 1.61a 1.55ab 1.50b 1.52ab 0.02 0.022 <0.001 0.008 0.713
1~42日龄
1 to 42 days of age		 1.72 1.69 1.66 1.66 0.01 0.248 1.53a 1.48ab 1.44b 1.46ab 0.02 0.023 <0.001 0.007 0.910

同一饲粮同行数据标记不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

Values in the same row of the same diet with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05).

2.2 STB对肉鸡回肠形态的影响

由图1和图2可知,与未添加STB相比,在玉米-豆粕型和小麦-豆粕型基础饲粮中添加200 mg/kg STB可极显著提高肉鸡回肠绒毛高度和绒隐比(P<0.01),极显著降低回肠隐窝深度(P<0.01),这表明在饲粮中添加STB有助于维护肉鸡肠道健康。
图1 STB对肉鸡回肠形态的影响

同一饲粮不同组标记不同大写字母表示差异极显著(P<0.01)。

Fig.1 Effects of STB on ileum morphology of broilers

Different capital letter superscripts in different groups of the same diet mean extremely significant difference (P<0.01).

图2 肉鸡回肠组织切片图

图a为玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮组,图b为玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮+200 mg/kg STB组;图c为小麦-豆粕型基础饲粮组,图d为小麦-豆粕型基础饲粮+200 mg/kg STB组。

Fig.2 Ileum tissue section of broilers

Fig.a was corn-soybean meal type basal diet group, Fig.b was corn-soybean meal type basal diet+200 mg/kg STB group, Fig.c was wheat-soybean meal type basal diet group, and Fig.d was wheat-soybean meal type basal diet+200 mg/kg STB group.

2.3 STB对肉鸡回肠消化和吸收相关基因表达的影响

由图3可知,在玉米-豆粕型饲粮中,与未添加STB相比,添加200 mg/kg STB显著提高肉鸡回肠SLC5A1和SLC2A2 mRNA相对表达量(P<0.05),添加100和200 mg/kg STB显著提高回肠SLC15A1 mRNA相对表达量(P<0.05)。在小麦-豆粕型饲粮中,与未添加STB相比,添加50和100 mg/kg STB显著提高肉鸡回肠SLC5A1 mRNA相对表达量(P<0.05),添加100 mg/kg STB显著提高回肠SLC2A2 mRNA相对表达量(P<0.05),添加STB对回肠SLC5A1 mRNA相对表达量无显著影响(P>0.05)
图3 STB对肉鸡回肠消化和吸收相关基因表达的影响

图a、图c和图e为玉米-豆粕型饲粮,图b、图d和图f为小麦-豆粕型饲粮。Fig.a, Fig.c and Fig.e were corn-soybean meal type diet, and Fig.b, Fig.d and Fig.f were wheat-soybean meal type diet.

数据柱标注不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。图4同。Value columns with different small letters mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as Fig.4.

Fig.3 Effect of STB on expression of genes related to ileal digestion and absorption of broilers

2.4 STB对肉鸡回肠屏障功能相关基因表达的影响

由图4可知,在玉米-豆粕型饲粮中,与未添加STB相比,添加50、100和200 mg/kg STB显著提高肉鸡回肠ZO-1 mRNA相对表达量(P<0.05),对回肠occludin mRNA相对表达量无显著影响(P>0.05)。在小麦-豆粕型饲粮中,与未添加STB相比,添加100和200 mg/kg STB显著提高肉鸡回肠ZO-1 mRNA相对表达量(P<0.05),且200 mg/kg STB添加组显著高于100 mg/kg STB添加组(P<0.05);添加STB对回肠occludin mRNA相对表达量无显著影响(P>0.05)。
图4 STB对肉鸡回肠屏障功能相关基因表达的影响

图a和图c为玉米-豆粕型饲粮,图b和图d为小麦-豆粕型饲粮。

Fig.4 Effects of STB on expression of genes related to ileal barrier function of broilers

Fig.a and Fig.c were corn-soybean meal type diet, and Fig.b and Fig.d were wheat-soybean meal type diet.

3 讨论

3.1 STB对肉鸡生长性能的影响

本试验研究的STB能够将肉鸡自身不易消化的如阿拉伯木聚糖等可溶性非淀粉多糖水解生成益生元——低聚木糖[3],从而促进肉鸡对营养物质的消化吸收,进而提高其生长性能。玉米中含有1 g/kg可溶性阿拉伯木聚糖和51 g/kg不溶性阿拉伯木聚糖,这是胚乳细胞壁的主要成分[8]。木聚糖酶可以通过分解细胞壁中高度分支的不溶性阿拉伯木聚糖,以增加胚乳细胞内内源酶和外源酶对蛋白质和淀粉的获取[9-10]。木聚糖酶还可产生可发酵的低聚木糖[11],其在盲肠中发酵生成挥发性脂肪酸,这将对肠道健康产生积极的影响。Cowieson等[12]研究发现,给肉鸡饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,木聚糖酶显著改善了F/G,对饲粮的摄入量没有显著影响,这与本试验肉鸡生长前期的生长性能指标结果一致。Amerah等[13]给肉鸡饲喂玉米-豆粕型饲粮,添加木霉来源的木聚糖酶组肉鸡1~42日龄F/G比对照组有所改善。Kiarie等[14]研究表明,木聚糖酶改善了饲喂小麦-豆粕型和玉米-豆粕型饲粮肉鸡的生长性能和表观代谢能,表明可溶性和不溶性非淀粉多糖都被水解,这与本试验肉鸡生长数据分析结果基本一致。本试验中使用了玉米-豆粕型和小麦-豆粕型2种不同饲粮,并在两者基础上添加了不同剂量的STB,使肉鸡的生长性能得到了提升,但其主要成分木聚糖酶及低聚木糖对肉鸡影响的主导地位还有待进一步探究。

3.2 STB对肉鸡肠道形态的影响

小肠黏膜屏障包括有物理屏障、化学屏障以及免疫屏障。其中,物理屏障是由肠上皮细胞、紧密连接蛋白和覆盖于小肠黏膜上皮细胞的黏膜层组成的[15]。肠道除了能够作为吸收的主要部位外,对机体也有着重要的免疫作用,肠道屏障与动物机体的生理健康状态关联紧密[16]。
小肠隐窝深度主要与小肠细胞的更新速率有关,细胞的增殖率会随着隐窝深度的变浅而提高[17]。小肠上皮延伸突入管腔成为小肠绒毛,起着增大黏膜表面积、加快营养物质吸收的作用,小肠绒毛高度、隐窝深度以及二者之间的比值(绒隐比)可以作为衡量机体消化吸收的重要指标。本试验中,肉鸡42日龄回肠HE染色切片结果表明,在饲粮中添加200 mg/kg的STB能够极显著提高回肠绒毛高度和绒隐比,有利于肉鸡对于营养物质的吸收。Luo等[18]研究表明,在饲粮中分别添加500和1 000 U/kg木聚糖酶可以显著提高小肠绒毛高度,这与本试验结果一致。隐窝深度反映细胞生成率,隐窝变深导致细胞成熟率下降,进而导致分泌功能减弱。本试验结果表明,在饲粮中添加200 mg/kg的STB能够极显著降低肉鸡回肠隐窝深度,促进肠道形态发育,维护肠道屏障,从而有利于维持动物机体的健康。

3.3 STB对肉鸡肠道相关基因表达的影响

紧密连接是重要的物理屏障,本试验所研究的occludin和ZO-1都是构成紧密连接的主要跨膜蛋白,对于维持肠道屏障具有十分重要的作用。occludin和ZO-1等蛋白表达的减少会造成肠上皮细胞通透性增加、病原体入侵,从而引发疾病[19]。而SLC5A1、SLC2A2和SLC15A1是肠道溶质载体家族中的成员,它们在小肠中表达量的提升,可使小肠对有关营养物质的吸收能力得到改善。
Wang等[20]报道,给肉鸡饲喂添加4 000 U/kg木聚糖酶的小麦-豆粕型基础饲粮,与不添加木聚糖酶的对照组相比,回肠occludin和ZO-1 mRNA相对表达量差异不显著。而Petry等[21]提出,补充木聚糖酶可以提高饲喂不溶性玉米纤维的生长猪回肠封闭蛋白-4(claudin-4)与occludin的mRNA相对表达量;Hosseini等[22]使用木聚糖酶和柠檬酸对感染产气荚膜梭菌的小肠上皮细胞进行处理,结果显示木聚糖酶上调了SLC5A1的表达,这与本试验结果一致。Guo等[23]研究表明,饲粮中添加木聚糖酶能够上调产气荚膜梭菌感染而导致的肉鸡SLC5A1和肽转运载体1(PepT1)等肠道营养物质消化和吸收相关基因的表达。STB的主要作用为消化谷物中的非淀粉多糖,在本研究中,饲粮中添加STB对肉鸡回肠SLC5A1、SLC2A2和ZO-1 mRNA相对表达量有显著差异,对回肠occludin mRNA相对表达量无显著影响,但SLC15A1 mRNA相对表达量在玉米-豆粕型和小麦-豆粕型饲粮中差异趋势不完全一致,这可能与玉米和小麦中非淀粉多糖含量不同有关;正因为小麦中非淀粉多糖的含量要高于玉米,豆粕-豆粕型饲粮中添加STB显著提高肉鸡回肠SLC15A1 mRNA相对表达量,而小麦-豆粕型饲粮中添加STB对肉鸡回肠SLC15A1 mRNA相对表达量没有显著差异。从生长性能数据中,小麦-豆粕型饲粮组肉鸡终末体重高于玉米-豆粕型饲粮组,因此生长性能的提升与肠道营养和吸收相关基因表达的显著提升也有很大关系。其中,2种饲粮组只有回肠SLC15A1 mRNA相对表达量不同,所以推测添加STB后肉鸡主要通过SLC15A1基因及其相关通路对肉鸡肠道营养和吸收发挥作用,但仍需在后续试验中证实。由小麦-豆粕型饲粮组肉鸡42日龄体重结果可知,当STB添加量为100 mg/kg时效果最好,且对肉鸡肠道屏障功能及消化和吸收相关基因表达的促进效果也较好;由玉米-豆粕型饲粮组肉鸡42日龄体重结果可知,当STB添加量为200 mg/kg时效果最好,且对肉鸡肠道屏障功能及消化和吸收相关基因表达的促进效果也较好。因此,后续探究STB对肉鸡其他方面的影响时,可选择STB添加量为100和200 mg/kg或介于两者之间的剂量进行深入研究。

4 结论

① 饲粮添加STB能够提高肉鸡生长性能,改善回肠形态结构,并提高回肠屏障功能及消化和吸收相关基因的表达,从而维持肉鸡肠道健康。
② 在小麦-豆粕型和玉米-豆粕型饲粮中分别添加100和200 mg/kg STB效果较好。

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