1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.1.1 样品来源
1.1.2 主要试剂和仪器
1.1.3 培养基
1.2 试验方法
1.2.1 木质素降解细菌的筛选
1.2.2 菌株鉴定
1.2.3 菌株降解木质素条件优化
1.2.3.1 菌悬液的配制
1.2.3.2 木质素降解条件优化单因素试验设计
1.2.4 培养条件响应面优化设计
表1 Box-Behnken设计的因素与水平Table 1 Factors and levels of Box-Behnken design |
| 菌株 Strains | 因素 Factors | 水平Levels | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| -1 | 0 | 1 | ||
| A:初始pH Initial pH | 6 | 7 | 8 | |
| BH5 | B:温度Temperature/℃ | 20 | 30 | 40 |
| C:接种量Inoculation amount/% | 4 | 6 | 8 | |
| A:初始pH Initial pH | 5 | 6 | 7 | |
| BH8 | B:温度Temperature/℃ | 20 | 30 | 40 |
| C:接种量Inoculation amount/% | 2 | 4 | 6 | |
| A:初始pH Initial pH | 5 | 6 | 7 | |
| BJ5 | B:温度Temperature/℃ | 20 | 30 | 40 |
| C:接种量Inoculation amount/% | 2 | 4 | 6 | |
1.2.5 菌株产酶能力测定
2 结果与分析
2.1 木质素降解细菌筛选
2.2 菌株鉴定
图2 菌株BH5、BH8和BJ5基于16S rDNA基因序列构建的系统发育树Stenotrophomonas:窄食单胞菌属;Klebsiella:克雷伯氏菌属;Acinetobacter:不动杆菌属;Stenotrophomonas maltophilia:嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌;Stenotrophomonas lactitubi:乳酸寡养单胞菌;Stenotrophomonas cyclobalanopsidis:环冈窄食单胞菌 Stenotrophomonas chelatiphaga:螯合窄食单胞菌;Stenotrophomonas tumulicola:土氏窄食单胞菌;Stenotrophomonas pictorum:窄食单胞菌属海征微杆菌;Stenotrophomonas nitritireducens 硝化窄食单胞菌;Stenotrophomonas humi:矮缩窄食单胞菌;Stenotrophomonas daejeonensis:大田窄食单胞菌;Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila:嗜酸寡养单胞菌;Stenotrophomonas koreensis:狭食单胞菌;Stenotrophomonas ginsengisoli:人参窄食单胞菌;Stenotrophomonas rhizophila:嗜根窄食单胞菌;Stenotrophomonas nematodicola:栖线虫寡养单胞菌;Stenotrophomonas bentonitica:弯曲窄食单胞菌;Klebsiella variicola:变栖克雷伯氏菌;Klebsiella oxytoca:氧化克雷伯氏菌;Klebsiella aerogenes:产气克雷伯氏菌;Raoultella terrigena:抗坏血酸劳尔特氏菌;Raoultella planticola:植物劳尔特氏菌;Raoultella ornithinolytica:解鸟氨酸劳尔特氏菌;Raoultella omithinolytica:溶密拉乌尔特菌;Acinetobacter parvus:微小不动杆菌;Acinetobacter junii:琼氏不动杆菌;Acinetobacter lwoffii:鲁氏不动杆菌;Acinetobacter soli:索氏不动杆菌;Acinetobacter johnsonii:约氏不动杆菌;Acinetobacter baylyi:贝氏不动杆菌;Acinetobacter seohaensis:溶血性不动杆菌;Acinetobacter bereziniae:别雷斯不动杆菌;Acinetobacter guillouiae:桂林不动杆菌;Acinetobacter bouvetii:包氏不动杆菌;Acinetobacter baumannii: 鲍曼不动杆菌;Acinetobacter nectaris: 邬氏不动杆菌;Acinetobacter boissieri:波氏不动杆菌;Acinetobacter indicus:印度不动杆菌;Acinetobacter courvalinii:库瓦利尼不动杆菌;Acinetobacter modestus:莫德斯托斯不动杆菌;Acinetobacter plantarum:植物不动杆菌;Acinetobacter oryzae:米不动杆菌;Acinetobacter wanghuae:王华不动杆菌;Acinetobacter lanii:兰氏不动杆菌;Acinetobacter baretiae:贝尔斯不动杆菌。 括号中为GenBank登录号;分支位置中的数字表示Bootstrap支持率;标尺所示长度为0.1核苷酸置换率。The GenBank accession number is in brackets; the number in each branch point denote the percentages supported by bootstrap; the length as indicated by bar means the nucleotide substitution rate of 0.1. Fig.2 Phylogenetic tree constructed by strains BH5, BH8 and BJ5 based on 16S rDNA gene sequence |
2.3 木质素降解条件优化
2.4 培养条件的响应面优化
表2 响应面法试验结果Table 2 Test results of response surface method |
| 试验号 Test No. | A:初始pH Initial pH | B:温度 Temperature/℃ | C:接种量 Inoculum amount/% | 木质素降解率Lignin degradation rate/% | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BH5 | BH8 | BJ5 | ||||
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15.28 | 16.45 | 19.37 |
| 2 | 1 | 0 | -1 | 8.75 | 6.20 | 14.52 |
| 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 17.28 | 15.45 | 19.50 |
| 4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 6.51 | 7.14 | 8.49 |
| 5 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 8.85 | 13.12 | 14.29 |
| 6 | 0 | 1 | -1 | 7.07 | 6.98 | 4.60 |
| 7 | -1 | 0 | -1 | 10.52 | 3.01 | 4.67 |
| 8 | -1 | 0 | 1 | 11.71 | 4.92 | 7.89 |
| 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14.81 | 16.32 | 20.21 |
| 10 | 1 | -1 | 0 | 6.99 | 11.89 | 11.01 |
| 11 | -1 | 1 | 0 | 9.12 | 4.58 | 4.54 |
| 12 | 0 | -1 | -1 | 7.18 | 5.47 | 7.34 |
| 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16.99 | 16.82 | 20.62 |
| 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16.75 | 19.53 | 18.71 |
| 15 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 9.88 | 9.17 | 9.36 |
| 16 | 0 | -1 | 1 | 8.81 | 12.21 | 6.91 |
| 17 | -1 | -1 | 0 | 7.98 | 2.58 | 2.68 |
2.4.1 模型建立及方差分析
0.405 0AB-0.272 5AC+0.295 0BC-3.42A2-
5.15 B2-2.84C2;
1.25 AC-1.14BC-6.01A2-
4.36 B2-4.10C2;
0.862 5AC+1.30BC-4.86A2-
8.15B2-4.48C2。
表3 BH5的木质素降解率回归模型分析Table 3 Regression model analysis of lignin degradation rate of BH5 |
| 方差来源 Sources of variation | 平方和 Sum of squares | 自由度 df | 均方差 Mean squares | F值 F-value | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 模型Model | 229.99 | 9 | 25.55 | 28.61 | 0.000 1 |
| A | 8.47 | 1 | 8.47 | 9.48 | 0.017 9 |
| B | 0.328 1 | 1 | 0.328 1 | 0.367 2 | 0.563 6 |
| C | 4.10 | 1 | 4.10 | 4.59 | 0.069 3 |
| AB | 0.656 1 | 1 | 0.656 1 | 0.734 4 | 0.419 8 |
| AC | 0.297 0 | 1 | 0.297 0 | 0.332 5 | 0.582 3 |
| BC | 0.348 1 | 1 | 0.348 1 | 0.389 7 | 0.552 3 |
| A2 | 49.38 | 1 | 49.38 | 55.28 | 0.000 1 |
| B2 | 111.55 | 1 | 111.55 | 124.88 | <0.000 1 |
| C2 | 33.95 | 1 | 33.95 | 38.01 | 0.000 5 |
| 误差Residual | 6.25 | 7 | 0.893 3 | ||
| 失拟项Lack of fit | 1.38 | 3 | 0.461 4 | 0.379 0 | 0.774 2 |
| 纯误差Pure error | 4.87 | 4 | 1.22 | ||
| 决定系数R2 | 0.973 5 | ||||
| 校正决定系数R2Adj | 0.939 5 |
表4 BH8的木质素降解率回归模型分析Table 4 Regression model analysis of lignin degradation rate of BH8 |
| 方差来源 Sources of variation | 平方和 Sum of squares | 自由度 df | 均方差 Mean squares | F值 F-value | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 模型Model | 468.84 | 9 | 52.09 | 37.29 | <0.000 1 |
| A | 67.63 | 1 | 67.63 | 48.41 | 0.000 2 |
| B | 2.29 | 1 | 2.29 | 1.64 | 0.241 3 |
| C | 39.43 | 1 | 39.43 | 28.22 | 0.001 1 |
| AB | 11.39 | 1 | 11.39 | 8.15 | 0.024 5 |
| AC | 6.28 | 1 | 6.28 | 4.49 | 0.071 8 |
| BC | 5.18 | 1 | 5.18 | 3.70 | 0.095 7 |
| A2 | 151.87 | 1 | 151.87 | 108.70 | <0.000 1 |
| B2 | 80.07 | 1 | 80.07 | 57.31 | 0.000 1 |
| C2 | 70.63 | 1 | 70.63 | 50.56 | 0.000 2 |
| 误差Residual | 9.78 | 7 | 1.40 | ||
| 失拟项Lack of fit | 0.216 1 | 3 | 0.072 0 | 0.030 1 | 0.991 9 |
| 纯误差Pure error | 9.56 | 4 | 2.39 | ||
| 决定系数R2 | 0.979 6 | ||||
| 校正决定系数R2Adj | 0.953 3 |
表5 BJ5的木质素降解率回归模型分析Table 5 Regression model analysis of lignin degradation rate of BJ5 |
| 方差来源 Sources of variation | 平方和 Sum of squares | 自由度 df | 均方差 Mean squares | F值 F-value | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 模型Model | 635.16 | 9 | 70.57 | 111.13 | <0.000 1 |
| A | 101.75 | 1 | 101.75 | 160.21 | <0.000 1 |
| B | 0.112 8 | 1 | 0.112 8 | 0.177 6 | 0.686 1 |
| C | 6.70 | 1 | 6.70 | 10.55 | 0.014 1 |
| AB | 4.80 | 1 | 4.80 | 7.55 | 0.028 6 |
| AC | 2.98 | 1 | 2.98 | 4.69 | 0.067 2 |
| BC | 6.73 | 1 | 6.73 | 10.60 | 0.013 9 |
| A2 | 99.29 | 1 | 99.29 | 156.34 | <0.000 1 |
| B2 | 279.40 | 1 | 279.40 | 439.94 | <0.000 1 |
| C2 | 84.64 | 1 | 84.64 | 133.27 | <0.000 1 |
| 误差Residual | 4.45 | 7 | 0.635 1 | ||
| 失拟项Lack of fit | 2.21 | 3 | 0.737 2 | 1.32 | 0.384 6 |
| 纯误差Pure error | 2.23 | 4 | 0.558 5 | ||
| 决定系数R2 | 0.993 0 | ||||
| 校正决定系数R2Adj | 0.984 1 |
2.4.2 响应面分析
图4 初始pH、温度和接种量交互作用对BH5木质素降解率的影响Fig.4 Effects of initial pH, temperature and inoculum amount on lignin degradation rate of BH5 |
图5 初始pH、温度和接种量交互作用对BH8木质素降解率的影响Fig.5 Effects of initial pH, temperature and inoculum amount on lignin degradation rate of BH8 |
2.4.3 培养条件优化及验证结果
表6 最佳培养条件下仿真与试验结果对比Table 6 Comparison of simulation and test results under optimal cultivation conditions |
| 菌株 Strains | 最佳培养条件 Optimal cultivation conditions | 木质素降解率 Lignin degradation rate/% | 误差率 Error rate/% | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 初始pH Initial pH | 温度 Temperature/℃ | 接种量 Inoculum amount/% | 测定值 Tested value | 预测值 Estimated value | |||||
| BH5 | 6.8 | 30.3 | 6.3 | 16.72 | 16.35 | 2.2 | |||
| BH8 | 6.3 | 28.4 | 4.7 | 18.01 | 17.77 | 1.3 | |||
| BJ5 | 6.4 | 29.7 | 4.1 | 21.65 | 20.36 | 5.9 | |||
