1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验设计及饲养管理
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(干物质基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of basal diets (DM basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 含量Content | |
|---|---|---|
| 42~60日龄 42 to 60 days of age | 61~84日龄 61 to 84 days of age | |
| 原料Ingredients | ||
| 玉米Com | 62.00 | 65.00 |
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 28.00 | 28.00 |
| 植物油Vegetable oil | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 葵花籽粕Sunflower seed meal | 4.00 | 1.00 |
| 预混料Premix1) | 5.00 | 5.00 |
| 合计Total | 100.00 | 100.00 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | ||
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 11.95 | 12.10 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 17.00 | 16.33 |
| 钙Ca | 0.12 | 0.11 |
| 磷P | 0.38 | 0.36 |
| 蛋氨酸Met | 0.31 | 0.30 |
| 赖氨酸Lys | 0.94 | 0.92 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the follows per kg of diets:CaCO3 11.34 g,CaHPO4 9.8 g,NaCl 2.94 g,赖氨酸 Lys 0.234 g,蛋氨酸 Met 1.791 g,VA 12 000 IU,VD32 500 IU,VE 35 IU,VK3 2.5 mg,VB12 15 μg,VB6 20.02 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 45 mg,泛酸 pantothenic acid 25 mg,叶酸 folic acid 1.2 mg,硫胺素 thiamine 2.5 mg,核黄素 riboflavin 6.6 mg,生物素 biotin 0.2 mg,胆碱 choline 500 mg,Cu 8.0 mg,Fe 80 mg,Zn 80 mg,Mn 100 mg,I 0.80 mg,Se 0.20 mg。 2)粗蛋白质为测定值,其余营养水平均为计算值。CP was a measured value, while the other nutrient levels were calculated values. |
1.3 指标测定及方法
1.3.1 生长性能
1.3.2 屠宰性能
1.3.3 器官指数
1.3.4 血清生化指标
1.3.5 营养物质表观消化率
1.4 数据处理与统计分析
2 结果
2.1 桑叶提取物对黄羽肉鸡生长性能的影响
表2 桑叶提取物对黄羽肉鸡生长性能的影响Table 2 Effects of mulberry leaf extract on growth performance of yellow feather broilers |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值P-value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ⅰ(对照 Control) | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | Ⅳ | 处理 Treatment | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | ||
| 初始体重IBW/kg | 1.31±0.08 | 1.17±0.17 | 1.31±0.04 | 1.25±0.15 | 0.481 | 0.912 | 0.979 | |
| 终末体重FBW/kg | 2.45±0.24 | 2.48±0.34 | 2.60±0.04 | 2.54±0.28 | 0.509 | 0.362 | 0.472 | |
| 平均日增重ADG/(g/d) | 27.27±5.66 | 31.25±6.97 | 30.91±1.02 | 30.68±3.86 | 0.212 | 0.410 | 0.398 | |
| 平均日采食量ADFI/(g/d) | 90.55±5.60 | 94.97±8.72 | 92.81±4.16 | 89.78±6.36 | 0.744 | 0.627 | 0.494 | |
| 料重比F/G | 3.32±0.51a | 2.90±0.04ab | 2.72±0.11b | 2.78±0.05b | 0.025 | 0.243 | 0.061 | |
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 桑叶提取物对黄羽肉鸡屠宰性能的影响
表3 桑叶提取物对黄羽肉鸡屠宰性能的影响Table 3 Effects of mulberry leaf extract on slaughter performance of yellow feather broilers |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值P-value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ⅰ(对照 Control) | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | Ⅳ | 处理 Treatment | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | ||
| 屠宰率 Dressing percentage/% | 93.74±1.33 | 94.73±3.01 | 92.67±4.26 | 95.72±1.46 | 0.229 | 0.486 | 0.686 | |
| 半净膛率 Half eviscerated yield percentage/% | 83.33±1.22 | 89.40±13.16 | 84.72±3.20 | 84.71±1.24 | 0.385 | 0.919 | 0.863 | |
| 全净膛率 Eviscerated yield percentage/% | 71.20±0.93 | 72.57±1.67 | 73.24±5.85 | 74.05±4.75 | 0.577 | 0.046 | 0.072 | |
| 胸肌率 Breast muscle percentage/% | 14.09±2.40 | 14.91±1.66 | 15.72±1.08 | 14.48±1.51 | 0.350 | 0.813 | 0.223 | |
| 腿肌率 Leg muscle percentage/% | 21.55±2.62 | 20.33±0.96 | 20.27±1.45 | 21.76±1.78 | 0.289 | 0.735 | 0.131 | |
| 腹脂率 Abdominal fat percentage/% | 2.37±0.94 | 2.24±0.36 | 2.00±1.02 | 1.90±0.83 | 0.699 | 0.047 | 0.181 | |
| 皮下脂肪厚度 Subcutaneous fat thickness/mm | 2.75±0.92 | 2.71±0.85 | 2.13±0.62 | 2.39±0.81 | 0.449 | 0.375 | 0.573 | |
2.3 桑叶提取物对黄羽肉鸡器官指数的影响
表4 桑叶提取物对黄羽肉鸡器官指数的影响Table 4 Effects of mulberry leaf extract on organ indexes of yellow feather broilers g/kg |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值P-value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ⅰ(对照 Control) | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | Ⅳ | 处理 Treatment | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | ||
| 胸腺指数Thymus index | 2.89±1.67 | 3.46±1.70 | 2.22±0.82 | 3.33±1.35 | 0.375 | 0.862 | 0.888 | |
| 脾脏指数Spleen index | 1.92±0.75 | 1.39±0.36 | 1.26±0.31 | 1.46±0.25 | 0.067 | 0.455 | 0.142 | |
| 法氏囊指数 Bursa of Fabricius index | 1.03±0.62 | 1.34±0.46 | 0.77±0.17 | 1.08±0.66 | 0.252 | 0.845 | 0.964 | |
| 肝脏指数Liver index | 16.12±2.89a | 14.55±0.81ab | 13.16±1.25b | 12.75±1.34b | 0.006 | 0.086 | 0.066 | |
| 心脏指数Heart index | 4.65±0.68 | 4.22±0.50 | 4.10±0.58 | 4.42±0.59 | 0.343 | 0.731 | 0.085 | |
2.4 桑叶提取物对黄羽肉鸡血清生化指标的影响
表5 桑叶提取物对黄羽血清生化指标的影响Table 5 Effects of mulberry leaf extract on serum biochemical indexes of yellow feather broilers |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值P-value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ⅰ(对照 Control) | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | Ⅳ | 处理 Treatment | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | ||
| 甘油三酯TG/(mmol/L) | 0.54±0.12 | 0.48±0.04 | 0.45±0.08 | 0.48±0.10 | 0.398 | 0.418 | <0.001 | |
| 总胆固醇TC/(mmol/L) | 3.88±1.41 | 3.45±0.72 | 3.19±0.13 | 3.06±0.23 | 0.627 | 0.085 | 0.018 | |
| 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 HDL-C/(mmol/L) | 25.21±2.98 | 25.13±5.16 | 24.64±3.22 | 25.75±5.10 | 0.991 | 0.514 | 0.402 | |
| 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 LDL-C/(mmol/L) | 1.64±0.81 | 1.54±0.55 | 1.30±0.24 | 1.18±0.19 | 0.325 | 0.037 | 0.203 | |
| 尿素氮UN/(mmol/L) | 3.06±0.27 | 2.54±0.96 | 2.52±0.54 | 2.31±0.74 | 0.235 | 0.124 | 0.288 | |
| 白蛋白ALB/(g/L) | 17.34±1.59 | 19.76±3.18 | 20.02±1.71 | 19.45±3.67 | 0.274 | 0.426 | 0.242 | |
| 葡萄糖GLU/(mmol/L) | 11.97±4.08 | 11.36±1.41 | 10.64±1.08 | 11.52±2.86 | 0.929 | 0.686 | 0.264 | |
2.5 桑叶提取物对黄羽肉鸡营养物质表观消化率的影响
表6 桑叶提取物对黄羽肉鸡营养物质表观消化率的影响Table 6 Effects of mulberry leaf extract on nutrient apparent digestibility of yellow feather broilers % |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值P-value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ⅰ(对照 Control) | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | Ⅳ | 处理 Treatment | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | ||
| 粗蛋白质CP | 49.95±2.12b | 53.98±3.42ab | 57.61±1.89a | 54.05±1.89ab | 0.030 | 0.494 | 0.169 | |
| 粗脂肪EE | 67.29±2.98 | 69.72±2.78 | 66.97±2.26 | 68.74±1.47 | 0.517 | 0.907 | 0.994 | |
| 粗灰分Ash | 40.03±3.09 | 38.15±1.35 | 41.91±1.72 | 39.18±2.97 | 0.338 | 0.996 | 0.939 | |
| 钙Ca | 47.81±2.09 | 48.59±3.38 | 46.78±2.80 | 48.37±2.54 | 0.853 | 0.899 | 0.884 | |
| 磷P | 51.99±1.17c | 55.05±1.11b | 58.38±1.35a | 56.44±1.88ab | 0.003 | 0.324 | 0.193 | |
