1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验设计
表1 试验饲料组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of experimental diets (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | A1 | A2 | B1 | B2 | |||||||
| 原料Ingredients | |||||||||||
| 面粉Wheat flour | 30.50 | 30.40 | 30.30 | 30.40 | 30.30 | ||||||
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 22.00 | 22.00 | 22.00 | 22.00 | 22.00 | ||||||
| 花生粕Peanut meal | 14.00 | 14.00 | 14.00 | 14.00 | 14.00 | ||||||
| 棉籽粕Cottonseed meal | 14.00 | 14.00 | 14.00 | 14.00 | 14.00 | ||||||
| 菜籽粕Rapeseed meal | 14.00 | 14.00 | 14.00 | 14.00 | 14.00 | ||||||
| 豆油Soybean oil | 3.00 | 3.00 | 3.00 | 3.00 | 3.00 | ||||||
| 食盐NaCl | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | ||||||
| 磷酸二氢钙Ca(H2PO4)2 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | ||||||
| 氯化胆碱Choline chloride (50%) | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | ||||||
| 预混料Premix1) | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | ||||||
| 复合诱食剂A Compound attractant A | 0.10 | 0.20 | |||||||||
| 复合诱食剂B Compound attractant B | 0.10 | 0.20 | |||||||||
| 合计Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | ||||||
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |||||||||||
| 总磷TP | 1.14 | 1.14 | 1.14 | 1.14 | 1.14 | ||||||
| 粗脂肪EE | 5.44 | 5.44 | 5.44 | 5.44 | 5.44 | ||||||
| 粗纤维CF | 4.89 | 4.89 | 4.89 | 4.89 | 4.89 | ||||||
| 粗蛋白质CP | 29.30 | 29.30 | 29.30 | 29.30 | 29.30 | ||||||
| 总能GE/(kJ/g) | 17.76 | 17.76 | 17.76 | 17.76 | 17.76 | ||||||
1)预混料为每千克饲料提供 Premix provided the following per kg of diets:VA 10 000 IU,VD3 2 000 IU,VC 1 200 mg,VE 80 mg,VK 8 mg,VB1 25 mg,VB2 40 mg,VB6 20 mg,VB12 1.5 mg,泛酸 pantothenic acid 60 mg,生物素 biotin 2.5 mg,叶酸 folic acid 12 mg,Fe 25 mg,Cu 7 mg,Mn 24 mg,I 0.5 mg。 2)计算值 Calculated values。 |
1.3 饲养管理
1.4 样品采集及指标测定
1.4.1 生长性能和健康指数
1.4.2 全鱼营养成分测定
1.4.3 血清生化指标测定
1.4.5 血清免疫指标测定
1.4.6 肠道消化酶活性测定
1.4.6.1 蛋白酶活性测定
1.4.6.2 脂肪酶活性测定
1.4.6.3 淀粉酶活性测定
1.5 数据统计与分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 不同类型复合诱食剂对吉富罗非鱼生长性能的影响
表2 不同类型复合诱食剂对吉富罗非鱼生长性能的影响Table 2 Effects of different types of compound attractant on growth performance of GIFT |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | A1 | A2 | B1 | B2 | |
| 初始体重IBW/g | 58.41±1.12 | 58.41±1.09 | 58.41±1.11 | 58.41±1.02 | 58.41±1.07 |
| 终末体重FBW/g | 107.23±4.14 | 110.12±3.15 | 113.25±5.64 | 108.89±3.37 | 110.87±5.64 |
| 平均日采食量ADFI/g | 73.22±2.46a | 75.69±3.23ab | 78.05±3.41b | 74.85±2.82ab | 73.83±3.23a |
| 特定生长率SGR/(%/d) | 1.56±0.11a | 1.63±0.03ab | 1.70±0.10b | 1.61±0.03ab | 1.67±0.05ab |
| 增重率WGR/% | 83.93±7.72a | 88.67±2.03ab | 94.48±7.34b | 87.16±2.17ab | 91.75±3.47ab |
| 饲料系数FCR | 1.50±0.11b | 1.46±0.02ab | 1.42±0.05ab | 1.46±0.02ab | 1.39±0.05a |
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 不同类型的复合诱食剂对吉富罗非鱼健康指数的影响
表3 不同类型的复合诱食剂对吉富罗非鱼健康指数的影响Table 3 Effects of different types of compound attractant on health index of GIFT |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | A1 | A2 | B1 | B2 | |
| 肥满度CF/(g/cm3) | 0.37±0.01 | 0.37±0.01 | 0.39±0.01 | 0.38±0.02 | 0.37±0.02 |
| 肝胰腺指数HSI/% | 4.93±0.41 | 4.47±0.37 | 4.29±0.39 | 4.33±0.27 | 4.54±0.25 |
| 脏体比VSI/% | 13.62±0.85b | 12.27±1.27ab | 11.70±0.17a | 12.67±0.86ab | 11.84±0.40a |
2.3 不同类型复合诱食剂对吉富罗非鱼全鱼营养组成的影响
表4 不同类型的复合诱食剂对吉富罗非鱼全鱼营养组成的影响Table 4 Effects of different types of compound attractant on whole body nutrient composition of GIFT % |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | A1 | A2 | B1 | B2 | |
| 水分Moisture | 64.97±3.95 | 68.07±9.34 | 66.79±4.78 | 69.79±7.58 | 67.19±6.08 |
| 粗蛋白质Crude protein | 12.26±0.13a | 12.64±0.13b | 12.89±0.16b | 12.86±0.16b | 13.34±0.17c |
| 粗脂肪Crude lipid | 10.63±0.06 | 10.47±0.20 | 10.43±0.14 | 10.37±0.06 | 10.21±0.06 |
| 粗灰分Crude ash | 9.96±0.07 | 9.68±0.08 | 9.81±0.13 | 9.72±0.04 | 9.67±0.05 |
2.4 不同类型的复合诱食剂对吉富罗非鱼血清生化和免疫指标的影响
表5 不同类型的复合诱食剂对吉富罗非鱼血清生化和免疫指标的影响Table 5 Effects of different types of compound attractant on serum biochemical and immune indexes of GIFT |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | A1 | A2 | B1 | B2 | |
| 葡萄糖GLU/(mmol/L) | 5.30±2.58 | 4.76±0.98 | 5.23±0.78 | 5.15±2.04 | 5.80±1.84 |
| 尿酸UA/(mmol/L) | 61.75±15.31 | 61.25±19.36 | 64.50±17.75 | 60.50±34.88 | 62.25±23.36 |
| 总蛋白TP/(g/L) | 33.48±5.65 | 37.38±4.64 | 37.38±5.03 | 37.83±2.80 | 39.03±1.30 |
| 甘油三酯TG/(mmol/L) | 5.11±1.44b | 4.65±0.98a | 4.34±2.02a | 4.25±1.12a | 4.26±1.42a |
| 总胆固醇TC/(mmol/L) | 4.37±0.45b | 3.86±0.72a | 3.96±0.97a | 4.19±0.62ab | 4.31±0.46ab |
| 谷丙转氨酶ALT/(g/L) | 53.50±14.01 | 63.75±24.63 | 57.50±17.02 | 54.00±11.55 | 55.75±15.78 |
| 谷草转氨酶AST/(U/L) | 131.75±48.42 | 128.00±83.69 | 134.25±47.78 | 124.25±72.61 | 126.00±71.40 |
| 溶菌酶LYZ/(U/mL) | 55.00±12.17a | 81.67±11.92ab | 94.58±11.39b | 82.25±13.13ab | 76.25±34.69ab |
| 超氧化物歧化酶SOD/(U/mL) | 176.01±22.07ab | 181.32±23.22ab | 186.60±15.15b | 175.73±24.09a | 173.15±11.18a |
2.5 不同类型的复合诱食剂对吉富罗非鱼肠道消化酶活性的影响
2.5.1 不同类型的复合诱食剂对吉富罗非鱼肠道蛋白酶活性的影响
表6 不同类型的复合诱食剂对吉富罗非鱼肠道蛋白酶活性的影响Table 6 Effects of different types of compound attractant on intestinal protease activity of GIFT U/mg prot |
| 项目 Items | 采食时间 Feeding time | 组别Groups | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | A1 | A2 | B1 | B2 | ||
| 前肠 | 采食后1 h After feeding 1 h | 4.33±1.32a | 4.98±2.83ab | 5.05±0.50ab | 5.15±122ab | 5.26±3.22b |
| Foregut | 采食后3 h After feeding 3 h | 2.37±1.19a | 3.77±1.26ab | 2.80±3.75a | 4.46±1.98ab | 7.68±1.23b |
| 中肠 | 采食后1 h After feeding 1 h | 2.48±1.82 | 2.52±1.62 | 2.50±0.83 | 2.55±1.08 | 2.96±1.14 |
| Midgut | 采食后3 h After feeding 3 h | 6.28±4.39a | 6.42±2.63a | 6.35±1.05a | 6.78±2.36a | 8.72±1.47b |
| 后肠 | 采食后1 h After feeding 1 h | 1.58±2.44 | 1.84±3.25 | 1.62±0.44 | 1.94±1.00 | 2.18±2.09 |
| Hindgut | 采食后3 h After feeding 3 h | 2.89±0.72a | 3.47±1.47a | 2.94±0.85a | 4.58±2.33ab | 7.42±1.92b |
2.5.2 不同类型的复合诱食剂对吉富罗非鱼肠道淀粉酶活性的影响
表7 不同类型的复合诱食剂对吉富罗非鱼肠道淀粉酶活性的影响Table 7 Effects of different types of compound attractant on intestinal amylase activity of GIFT U/mg prot |
| 项目 Items | 采食时间 Feeding time | 组别Groups | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | A1 | A2 | B1 | B2 | ||
| 前肠 | 采食后1 h After feeding 1 h | 0.43±0.30 | 0.44±0.20 | 0.49±0.20 | 0.44±0.20 | 0.51±0.30 |
| Foregut | 采食后3 h After feeding 3 h | 0.33±0.25 | 0.37±0.18 | 0.34±0.45 | 0.41±0.26 | 0.42±0.35 |
| 中肠 | 采食后1 h After feeding 1 h | 0.51±0.20a | 0.53±0.10a | 0.56±0.40a | 0.86±0.00b | 0.91±0.20b |
| Midgut | 采食后3 h After feeding 3 h | 0.63±0.23 | 0.88±0.44 | 0.68±0.51 | 0.86±0.39 | 0.96±0.58 |
| 后肠 | 采食后1 h After feeding 1 h | 0.52±0.30 | 0.59±0.30 | 0.63±0.30 | 0.72±0.40 | 0.74±0.30 |
| Hindgut | 采食后3 h After feeding 3 h | 0.85±0.03 | 0.85±0.23 | 0.88±0.22 | 0.89±0.19 | 0.94±0.16 |
2.5.3 不同类型的复合诱食剂对吉富罗非鱼肠道脂肪酶活性的影响
表8 不同类型的复合诱食剂对吉富罗非鱼肠道脂肪酶活性的影响Table 8 Effects of different types of compound attractant on intestinal lipase activity of GIFT U/g prot |
| 项目 Items | 采食时间 Feeding time | 组别Groups | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | A1 | A2 | B1 | B2 | ||
| 前肠 | 采食后1 h After feeding 1 h | 8.44±0.60 | 8.61±0.59 | 8.61±0.82 | 9.20±1.41 | 9.14±1.05 |
| Foregut | 采食后3 h After feeding 3 h | 8.37±3.59ab | 8.21±1.33a | 8.54±4.27ab | 8.28±0.89a | 9.10±1.25b |
| 中肠 | 采食后1 h After feeding 1 h | 6.46±1.77 | 6.91±1.89 | 7.14±2.56 | 8.60±2.33 | 9.86±3.58 |
| Midgut | 采食后3 h After feeding 3 h | 6.22±2.68 | 6.34±0.61 | 7.94±1.04 | 7.25±2.02 | 7.48±1.43 |
| 后肠 | 采食后1 h After feeding 1 h | 7.76±2.82 | 8.40±4.97 | 10.23±5.13 | 8.87±4.99 | 10.34±1.55 |
| Hindgut | 采食后3 h After feeding 3 h | 7.36±1.93 | 7.92±1.41 | 8.12±1.09 | 8.62±2.14 | 8.55±1.11 |
2.5.4 不同时间吉富罗非鱼肠道平均消化酶活性的变化趋势
表9 不同时间吉富罗非鱼肠道平均蛋白酶活性的变化趋势Table 9 Variation trend of intestinal mean protease activity of GIFT at different time U/mg prot |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | A1 | A2 | B1 | B2 | |
| 采食前1 h Before feeding 1 h | 2.23±0.24 | 2.31±0.48 | 2.44±0.59 | 2.61±0.46 | 2.83±1.45 |
| 采食后1 h After feeding 1 h | 3.13±1.23 | 3.00±0.73 | 3.68±0.41 | 3.40±0.45 | 3.86±0.31 |
| 采食后3 h After feeding 3 h | 3.64±2.08 | 4.20±0.48 | 4.45±1.67 | 4.94±1.88 | 7.78±0.76 |
| 采食后5 h After feeding 5 h | 2.17±1.13 | 2.24±0.60 | 3.45±3.29 | 2.94±0.20 | 3.46±0.66 |
表10 不同时间吉富罗非鱼肠道平均淀粉酶活性的变化趋势Table 10 Variation trend of intestinal mean amylase activity of GIFT at different time U/mg prot |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | A1 | A2 | B1 | B2 | |
| 采食前1 h Before feeding 1 h | 0.80±0.13 | 0.88±0.08 | 0.78±0.13 | 0.75±0.12 | 0.82±0.08 |
| 采食后1 h After feeding 1 h | 0.50±0.15 | 0.51±0.10 | 0.62±0.11 | 0.60±0.20 | 0.65±0.15 |
| 采食后3 h After feeding 3 h | 0.57±0.11 | 0.70±0.20 | 0.67±0.17 | 0.68±0.24 | 0.66±0.27 |
| 采食后5 h After feeding 5 h | 0.72±0.30 | 0.76±0.17 | 0.81±0.07 | 0.78±0.09 | 0.83±0.03 |
表11 不同时间吉富罗非鱼肠道平均脂肪酶活性的变化趋势Table 11 Variation trend of intestinal mean lipase activity of GIFT at different time U/g prot |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | A1 | A2 | B1 | B2 | |
| 采食前1 h Before feeding 1 h | 8.18±3.91 | 8.89±2.13 | 9.34±0.42 | 9.18±2.59 | 9.44±2.09 |
| 采食后1 h After feeding 1 h | 7.65±0.99 | 8.25±1.51 | 8.45±1.69 | 8.92±2.25 | 8.66±1.27 |
| 采食后3 h After feeding 3 h | 7.78±2.11 | 7.06±0.89 | 7.02±2.03 | 7.68±0.89 | 7.43±1.02 |
| 采食后5 h After feeding 5 h | 5.25±1.14 | 5.26±0.69 | 5.08±1.32 | 7.06±1.95 | 7.59±1.23 |
