1 热应激对奶牛的危害及其防治措施
2 饲粮添加硒对奶牛的影响及其对热应激的缓解
3 硒缓解奶牛热应激作用机制的探讨
图1 硒在细胞热应激模型中发挥作用的可能机制①:硒通过PPARγ/Nrf2-ARE信号通路促进抗氧化酶表达;②:硒通过内质网/线粒体应激途径抑制细胞凋亡;③:硒通过GPx-PPARγ-NF-κB和TrxR-MAPK-NF-κB信号通路降低炎性因子表达水平。(+)代表促进作用;(-)代表抑制作用。实线代表两者间存在确定调控关系;虚线代表两者间可能有其他中间调节环节。①: Se promotes the expression of antioxidant enzymes through the PPARγ/Nrf2-ARE signal pathway; ②: Se inhibits apoptosis through endoplasmic reticulum/mitochondrion stress pathway; ③: Se reduces the expression of inflammatory factors through the GPx-PPARγ-NF-κB signal pathway. (+) stands for promoting effect; (-) stands for inhibiting effect. The solid line represents that there is a definite regulatory relationship between the two; the dotted line indicates that there may be other intermediate adjustments between the two. Cytoplasm:细胞质;selenoproteins:硒蛋白;unfolded protein response (UPR):未折叠蛋白反应;apoptosis:凋亡;mitochondrion stress:线粒体应激;endoplasmic reticulum stress:内质网应激;Nucleus:细胞核;Heat response genes:热反应基因;Denatured protein:变性蛋白;Native protein:天然蛋白;Heat stress:热应激;Cellular reponse to heat stress:细胞对热应激的反应;inflammatory factor:炎症因子;antioxidant enzymes:抗氧化酶;Se:硒 selenium;H2Se:硒化氢 hydrogen selenide;TrxR:硫氧还蛋白还原酶 thioredoxin reductase;GPx:谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 glutathione peroxidase;Nrf2:核因子E2相关因子2 nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2;MAPK:丝裂原活化蛋白激酶 mitogen-activated protein kinases;PPARγ:过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ;NF-κB:核因子-κB nuclear factor-kappa B;TNF-α:肿瘤坏死因子-α tumor necrosis factor-α;IL-6:白细胞介素-6 interleukin-6;IL-1:白细胞介素-1 interleukin-1;SOD:超氧化物歧化酶 superoxide dismutase;ARE:抗氧化反应元件 antioxidant response element;HSF1:热激因子1 heat shock factor 1;HSPs:热应激蛋白 heat stress proteins;ROS:活性氧 reactive oxygen species;IRE1:内质网应激传感酶1 inositol-requiring enzyme 1;PERK:蛋白激酶R样内质网激酶 protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase;ATF6:活化转录因子6 activating transcription factor 6;MAMs:线粒体相关膜 mitchondria associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane。 Fig.1 Possible mechanism of Se to play roles in cellular heat stress model |
