Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition >

2023 , Vol. 35 >Issue 9: 5746 - 5754

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12418/CJAN2023.529

RESEARCH PAPER

Effects of Saccharicter-Penin and Lactobacillus plantarum on Growth Performance, Slaughter Performance, Serum Biochemical Indexes and Meat Quality of Meat Geese

  • QIAN Wang , 1 ,
  • WANG Baowei , 1, 2, * ,
  • ZHANG Ming’ai 1 ,
  • FAN Wenlei 1 ,
  • KONG Min 1 ,
  • WANG Binghan 3 ,
  • LI Kexin 4 ,
  • SONG Yongjie 4
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  • 1 College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
  • 2 College of Food Science and Echnology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
  • 3 Qingdao Huihe Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266109, China
  • 4 Shandong Xingu Health Industry Co., Ltd., Binzhou 251700, China
* professor, E-mail:

Received date: 2023-03-31

  Online published: 2023-09-13

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Abstract

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of saccharicter-penin and Lactobacillus plantarum on growth performance, slaughter performance, serum biochemical indexes and meat quality of meat geese. Ninety-six 1-day-old Wulong geese weighing (0.14±0.02) kg were selected and randomly divided into four groups with four replicates in each group and six geese in each replicate. Geese in the control group were fed a basal diet, and others in experimental groups were fed basal diets supplemented with 0.1% saccharicter-penin (group Ⅰ), 0.4% Lactobacillus plantarum solution (group Ⅱ) and 0.1% saccharicter-penin+0.4% Lactobacillus plantarum (group Ⅲ), respectively. The experiment lasted for 70 days. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with the control group, the average daily weight gain and average daily feed intake of meat geese during 1 to 70 days of age of group Ⅱ were significantly increased (P<0.05). 2) There were no significant difference in slaughter performance among all groups (P>0.05). 3) There were no significant differences in the contents of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in serum among all groups (P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) content of group Ⅲ was significantly increased (P<0.05). 4) There were no significant differences in pectoral muscle pH and brightness (L*), redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) values of meat geese among all groups (P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the pectoral muscle hardness, adhesiveness and gumminess of group Ⅱ was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the pectoral muscle shear force of group Ⅲ was significantly increased (P<0.05). 5) Compared with the control group, the pectoral muscle monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) content of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the pectoral muscle saturated fatty acid (SFA) content of group Ⅲ was significantly decreased (P<0.05). In conclusion, the single addition of Saccharicter-penin in the diet has no significant effects on growth performance, slaughter performance, serum biochemical indexes and meat quality of meat geese; the single addition of Lactobacillus plantarum in the diet can significantly increase the ADG and ADFI of meat geese, and improve the meat quality; the combined addition of saccharicter-penin and Lactobacillus plantarum in the diet has no significant effect on the growth performance of meat geese, but can significantly increase the pectoral muscle HDL-C content and shear force, and change the pectoral muscle unsaturated fatty acid composition.

Key words： meat geese; probiotics; plant extracts; growth performance; slaughter performance; meat quality; unsaturated fatty acid

Cite this article

QIAN Wang , WANG Baowei , ZHANG Ming’ai , FAN Wenlei , KONG Min , WANG Binghan , LI Kexin , SONG Yongjie . Effects of Saccharicter-Penin and Lactobacillus plantarum on Growth Performance, Slaughter Performance, Serum Biochemical Indexes and Meat Quality of Meat Geese[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2023 , 35(9) : 5746 -5754 . DOI: 10.12418/CJAN2023.529

抗生素在畜禽饲粮中的应用,对于防治畜禽疾病和提高生长性能方面具有十分重要的意义,但抗生素的滥用对家禽生长性能和健康带来一系列的负面影响,如造成抗生素耐药性和药物残留[1],且可能严重危及畜禽产品安全[2]。2020年我国政府已颁布法令,严禁在畜禽饲料中添加抗生素[3]。因此,探索新型替代抗生素产品对畜牧产业可持续发展具有重要现实意义。随着对抗生素及其残留物的日益关注,人们越来越关注抗生素的替代品,如益生菌、植物提取物[4-5]。乳酸杆菌是家禽消化道中重要菌属,植物乳杆菌是乳酸菌中一种兼性厌氧、异型发酵菌种,已被广泛应用于畜牧业[6]。糖萜素是山茶科植物中提取的天然糖甙化合物,也已经被批准为饲料添加剂。植物乳杆菌可以增强营养物质吸收[7-8]、提高机体免疫力[9]、调节肠道微生物组成、改善动物生长性能等[10⇓⇓-13]。糖萜素在动物肠道中能够被有益菌选择性利用,从而使动物肠道环境保持酸性,维持肠道健康[14]。Yang等[15]研究表明,饲粮中添加适量的皂苷可以降低小尾寒羊血清胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白含量,并提高血清高密度脂蛋白含量,但当持续喂食皂苷时,这种效果并不明显,甚至消失。王喜明等[16]研究发现,饲粮中添加糖萜素显著降低了产蛋鸡死亡率,产蛋率提高了1.96%,料蛋比下降了0.78%。梁海威等[17]研究发现,1~42日龄肉鸡饲喂含植物乳杆菌的饲料后料重比(F/G)显著降低,同时平均日增重(ADG)显著提高。然而,目前关于糖萜素和植物乳杆菌联合使用对肉鹅生长发育和肉品质影响的研究尚未见报道。因此,本试验通过在饲粮中添加植物乳杆菌和糖萜素的饲养试验,旨在探究糖萜素和植物乳杆菌联合使用对肉鹅生长性能、屠宰性能、血清生化指标和肉品质的影响,以期为糖萜素和植物乳杆菌在肉鹅生产中的应用提供理论依据。

1 材料与方法

1.1 试验时间与地点

试验于2022年6—8月在青岛农业大学国家水禽研究所山东高密五龙鹅科技小院进行。

1.2 试验材料

1日龄的五龙鹅(灰羽)由高密市银河润雁鹅业有限公司提供;糖萜素(纯度≥50%)购于山东某健康产业有限公司;植物乳杆菌(CGMCC26160)由本学科其他实验室提供,活菌数为1×109 CFU/mL。

1.3 试验设计

选取1日龄体重为(0.14±0.02) kg的健康五龙鹅96只,公母各占1/2,随机分成4个组,每组4个重复,每个重复6只鹅。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加0.1%糖萜素(Ⅰ组)、0.4%植物乳杆菌(Ⅱ组)和0.1%糖萜素+0.4%植物乳杆菌(Ⅲ组)。糖萜素和植物乳杆菌添加量参照许振华等[18]试验结果,基础饲粮组成及营养水平见表1。试验期为70 d。
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)

Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of basal diets (air-dry basis)%

项目
Items		 含量 Content
1~28日龄
1 to 28
days of age		 29~70日龄
29 to 70
days of age
原料 Ingredients
玉米 Corn 59.03 58.58
豆粕 Soybean meal 23.10 20.60
次粉 Wheat middling 5.00 6.00
稻壳粉 Rice husk meal 0.60 3.50
小麦麸 Wheat bran 8.00 8.00
磷酸氢钙 CaHPO4 1.96 1.65
石粉 Limestone 0.89 0.85
食盐 NaCl 0.35 0.40
氯化胆碱 Choline chloride 0.07 0.07
预混料 Premix1) 1.00 0.35
合计 Total 100.00 100.00
营养水平 Nutrient levels2)
代谢能 ME/(MJ/kg) 12.34 12.12
粗蛋白质 CP 17.11 16.05
粗纤维 CF 4.54 5.60
赖氨酸 Lys 0.87 0.80
蛋氨酸 Met 0.30 0.28
蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸 Met+Cys 0.55 0.50
钙 Ca 0.95 0.85
有效磷 AP 0.45 0.40

1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of diets:VA 9 000 IU,VB1 2.0 mg,VB2 4.0 mg,VB5 40 mg,VB6 4.0 mg,VB12 12 μg,VD3 2 000 IU,VE 40 mg,VK3 0.8 mg,生物素 biotin 0.2 mg,叶酸 folic acid 0.5 mg,D-泛酸 D-pantothenic acid 11 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 10 mg,Cu (as copper sulfate) 4 mg,Fe (as ferrous sulfate) 85 mg,Mn (as manganese sulfate) 30 mg,Zn (as zinc sulfate) 65 mg,I (as potassium iodide) 0.30 mg,Se (as sodium selenite) 0.50 mg。

2)代谢能为计算值,其余为实测值。ME was a calculated value, while the others were measured values.

1.4 饲养管理

试验肉鹅采用舍饲笼养,每笼6只鹅,试验期间肉鹅自由活动、采食和饮水,全天照明。试验开始前对鹅舍进行严格清洁、冲洗和消毒。

1.5 样品采集与指标测定

1.5.1 生长性能

在28、70日龄时,记录每个重复的肉鹅总采食量及禁食12 h后体重,计算ADG、平均日采食量(ADFI)和F/G。

1.5.2 屠宰性能

在70日龄时,每个重复分别采集2只鹅,共32只。肉鹅处死后用热水脱毛进行称重并记录,该重量为屠体重;随后进行解剖并依次称量半净膛重、全净膛重、腹脂重和胸肌重,用来计算肉鹅屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率、腹脂率和胸肌率。

1.5.3 血清生化指标

饲养试验结束后,每个重复随机选取2只鹅,翅静脉采血10 mL,3 500 r/min离心10 min,收集血清,于-40 ℃保存。血清总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、甘油三酯(TG)含量采用南京建成生物工程研究所的试剂盒进行测定,检测仪器为INFI-NITE-200 PRO型酶标仪。

1.5.4 胸肌pH、肉色、质构特性及嫩度

取胸肌鲜样,根据CIELAB(1931)表色系统评估肉色,采用CR-400色差仪(CHROMA METER,日本)测定胸肌表面3个随机位置的亮度(L*)、红度(a*)和黄度(b*)值,取平均值。pH采用pH计(Testo,德国)测定,使用前用pH 4.6和7.0缓冲液校准,每块胸肌测定3次,取平均值。在同一块胸肌取出样品(1 cm×2 cm×2 cm),使用TA-XT PlusC质构仪(Stable Micro Systems,英国)测定肌肉质构特性及嫩度。

1.5.5 胸肌脂肪酸组成

取胸肌鲜样进行真空冷冻干燥并研磨成粉末,经甲酯化衍生和萃取制得脂肪酸甲酯后,采用TRACE 1310气相色谱仪(Thermo Scientific,美国)进行分析。

1.6 数据处理与统计分析

使用SPSS 26.0软件对数据进行单因子方差分析(one-way ANOVA),并通过LSD法进行组间差异比较,所有数据以平均值和均值标准误(SEM)表示,P<0.05为差异显著。

2 结果

2.1 饲粮中添加糖萜素和植物乳杆菌对肉鹅生长性能的影响

由表2可知,与对照组相比,Ⅱ组肉鹅1~70日龄ADG和ADFI显著升高(P<0.05),Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组肉鹅1~28日龄生长性能无显著差异(P>0.05)。
表2 饲粮中添加糖萜素和植物乳杆菌对肉鹅生长性能的影响

Table 2 Effects of dietary saccharicter-penin and Lactobacillus plantarum on growth performance of meat geese

项目
Items		 组别 Groups SEM P值
P-value
对照 Control Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
1~28日龄 1 to 28 days of age
平均日增重 ADG/kg 0.22 0.24 0.31 0.25 0.01 0.12
平均日采食量 ADFI/kg 0.50 0.55 0.71 0.48 0.04 0.07
料重比 F/G 2.14ab 2.25a 2.08ab 1.91b 0.04 0.04
1~70日龄 1 to 70 days of age
平均日增重 ADG/kg 0.21b 0.25ab 0.27a 0.22b 0.01 0.01
平均日采食量 ADFI/kg 0.84b 0.94ab 1.04a 0.85b 0.03 0.01
料重比 F/G 4.01 3.72 3.79 3.85 0.06 0.28

同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。

In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below.

2.2 饲粮中添加糖萜素和植物乳杆菌对肉鹅屠宰性能的影响

由表3可知,各组之间屠宰性能无显著差异(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组胸肌率分别提高了14.8%、4.7%、7.8%,腹脂率分别降低了11.0%、16.7%、14.4%。
表3 饲粮中添加糖萜素和植物乳杆菌对肉鹅屠宰性能的影响

Table 3 Effects of dietary saccharicter-penin and Lactobacillus plantarum on slaughter performance of meat geese

项目
Items		 组别 Groups SEM P值
P-value
对照 Control Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
屠体重 Dressing weight/kg 2.85 3.24 2.82 2.67 0.08 0.08
屠宰率 Dressing percentage/% 81.70 82.58 83.73 82.84 0.33 0.20
半净膛率 Half eviscerated percentage/% 77.21 77.63 78.58 76.21 0.01 0.07
全净膛率 Eviscerated percentage/% 70.58 71.11 72.07 70.59 0.04 0.31
胸肌率 Breast muscle percentage/% 18.36 21.08 19.23 19.79 0.65 0.59
腹脂率 Abdominal fat percentage/% 2.09 1.86 1.74 1.79 0.11 0.67

2.3 饲粮中添加糖萜素和植物乳杆菌对肉鹅血清生化指标的影响

由表4可知,各组之间血清TG、TC和LDL-C含量无显著差异(P>0.05),Ⅲ组血清HDL-C含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组血清TG含量分别降低了10.4%、10.4%、1.3%,血清TC含量分别降低了14.0%、13.8%、3.7%,血清LDL-C含量分别降低了17.5%、9.7%、11.1%;Ⅲ组血清HDL-C含量提高了39.1%。
表4 饲粮中添加糖萜素和植物乳杆菌对肉鹅血清生化指标的影响

Table 4 Effects of dietary saccharicter-penin and Lactobacillus plantarum on serum biochemical indexes of meat geesemmol/L

项目
Items		 组别 Groups SEM P值
P-value
对照 Control Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
甘油三酯 TG 0.77 0.69 0.69 0.76 0.02 0.42
总胆固醇 TC 5.58 4.80 4.81 5.43 0.17 0.26
高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 HDL-C 4.99b 6.06ab 5.95ab 6.94a 0.24 0.01
低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 LDL-C 1.54 1.27 1.39 1.48 0.08 0.51

2.4 饲粮中添加植物乳杆菌和糖萜素对肉鹅胸肌pH、肉色、质构特性及嫩度的影响

由表5可知,各组之间肉鹅胸肌pH和L*、a*、b*值无显著差异(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组胸肌a*值有所提高,胸肌L*、b*值则有所降低。
表5 饲粮中添加糖萜素和植物乳杆菌对肉鹅胸肌pH及肉色的影响

Table 5 Effects of dietary saccharicter-penin and Lactobacillus plantarum on pectoral muscle pH and meat color of meat geese

项目
Items		 组别 Groups SEM P值
P-value
对照 Control Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
pH 5.86 5.82 5.87 5.87 0.01 0.26
亮度 L* 37.59 36.09 36.82 36.39 0.24 0.11
红度 a* 8.48 9.05 8.86 9.18 0.29 0.20
黄度 b* 5.20 5.09 5.12 4.99 0.25 0.93
由表6可知,与对照组相比,Ⅰ组胸肌剪切力显著降低(P<0.05),Ⅲ组胸肌剪切力显著升高(P<0.05);Ⅱ组胸肌硬度、黏性和胶黏性显著降低(P<0.05)。各组之间胸肌弹性、咀嚼性和回复性无显著差异(P>0.05)。
表6 饲粮中添加糖萜素和植物乳杆菌对肉鹅胸肌质构特性及嫩度的影响

Table 6 Effects of dietary saccharicter-penin and Lactobacillus plantarum on pectoral muscle texture characteristics and tenderness of meat geese

项目
Items		 组别 Groups SEM P值
P-value
对照 Control Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
硬度 Hardness/g 82.75a 73.58ab 49.13b 92.40a 5.39 0.01
黏性 Adhesiveness/N -1.63a -2.28ab -2.97b -2.53ab 0.18 0.04
弹性 Springiness/mm 0.30 0.28 0.34 0.28 0.01 0.10
胶黏性 Gumminess/N 24.97a 19.51ab 12.55b 23.69a 1.55 0.01
咀嚼性 Chewiness/g 7.27 3.80 3.88 6.37 0.53 0.03
回复性 Resilience/mm 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.01 0.58
剪切力 Shear force/N 5.94b 4.03c 5.66b 7.83a 0.33 <0.01

2.5 饲粮中添加糖萜素和植物乳杆菌对肉鹅胸肌脂肪酸组成的影响

由表7和图1可知,与对照组相比,Ⅱ组胸肌C6:0、C8:0、C11:0、C18:0、C21:0、C22:0含量显著降低(P<0.05),胸肌单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)含量显著升高(P<0.05);Ⅲ组胸肌C14:0、C21:0、饱和脂肪酸(SFA)含量显著降低(P<0.05),胸肌MUFA含量显著升高(P<0.05)。
表7 饲粮中添加糖萜素和植物乳杆菌对肉鹅胸肌脂肪酸组成的影响

Table 7 Effects of saccharicter-penin and Lactobacillus plantarum on pectoral muscle fatty acid composition of meat geese%

项目
Items		 组别 Groups SEM P值
P-value
对照 Control Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
C4:0 0.52 0.49 0.45 0.49 0.02 0.35
C6:0 0.46a 0.47a 0.39b 0.45a 0.01 0.04
C8:0 0.25a 0.25a 0.22b 0.26a 0.01 0.04
C11:0 0.12a 0.12a 0.10b 0.13a 0.01 0.04
C12:0 0.11 0.16 0.13 0.16 0.01 0.10
C14:0 0.25a 0.25a 0.23a 0.21b 0.01 <0.01
C14:1 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.42
C15:0 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.28
C16:0 20.67 20.14 20.12 19.66 0.60 0.75
C16:1 1.44 1.57 1.89 1.77 0.10 0.06
C18:0 13.48a 13.58a 12.00b 12.87ab 1.07 0.04
C18:1n9t 0.12 0.15 0.14 0.11 0.02 0.53
C18:1n9c 29.76 31.59 33.65 32.00 1.37 0.13
C18:2n6c 17.49 15.50 15.85 15.86 0.58 0.33
C18:3n6 0.22 0.19 0.27 0.23 0.14 0.23
C18:3n3 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.08 0.84
C21:0 0.15a 0.10b 0.08b 0.06b 0.01 0.02
C20:2 1.06b 1.36a 0.80b 0.89b 0.07 <0.01
C22:0 0.78a 0.80a 0.47b 0.64ab 0.09 <0.01
C20:3n6 11.88 11.61 10.97 12.37 1.68 0.62
C20:5n3 1.09 0.95 0.93 1.04 0.08 0.20
C22:6n3 0.15 0.15 0.21 0.18 0.05 0.52
饱和脂肪酸 SFA 37.08a 36.40a 35.76ab 34.80b 0.25 <0.01
单不饱和脂肪酸 MUFA 31.07c 33.98bc 36.34ab 37.66a 1.43 <0.01
多不饱和脂肪酸 PUFA 31.56 30.11 29.49 30.97 0.40 0.09
图1 饲粮中添加糖萜素和植物乳杆菌对肉鹅胸肌脂肪酸组成的影响

SFA:饱和脂肪酸 saturated fatty acid;MUFA:单不饱和脂肪酸 monounsaturated fatty acid;PUFA:多不饱和脂肪酸 polyunsaturated fatty acid。

数据柱形标注*表示差异显著(P<0.05),**表示差异极显著(P<0.01)。

Fig.1 Effects of dietary saccharicter-penin and Lactobacillus plantarum on pectoral muscle fatty acid composition of meat geese

Value columns with different * mean significant difference (P<0.05), ** mean significant difference (P<0.01).

3 讨论

3.1 饲粮中添加糖萜素和植物乳杆菌对肉鹅生长性能的影响

目前,关于单一植物乳杆菌和糖萜素对肉鸡、肉鹅生长性能的研究较多,但关于植物乳杆菌和糖萜素联合使用对肉鹅生长性能和肉品质的影响鲜有报道。植物乳杆菌和糖萜素可以改善肉鸡的生长性能[19-20]。本试验结果表明,与对照组相比,Ⅱ组1~70日龄肉鹅ADG和ADFI显著升高,原因可能是植物乳杆菌的益生菌特性,其可以促进肠道益生菌增殖,促进鹅肠道发育,改善消化功能,从而提高雏鹅的生长性能。

3.2 饲粮中添加糖萜素和植物乳杆菌对肉鹅屠宰性能的影响

梁静等[21]研究发现,饲粮中添加糖萜素对绵羊屠宰率、全净膛率、半净膛率等屠宰指标无显著影响,但有提高的趋势。Stefanello等[22]报道,饲粮中添加皂苷对肉鸡胴体重无显著影响。Song等[23]研究发现,饲粮中添加植物乳杆菌对肉鸡屠宰性能无显著影响,但在数值上表现出一定的改善作用。本试验研究表明,饲粮中添加糖萜素和植物乳杆菌对肉鹅屠宰性能无显著影响,但与对照组相比,试验组屠宰率、胸肌率均有一定的提高。

3.3 饲粮中添加糖萜素和植物乳杆菌对肉鹅血清生化指标的影响

血清生化指标是衡量动物机体健康的一个重要指标,并在一定程度上反映动物机体新陈代谢的变化[24]。血清HDL-C含量反映脂类在体内的运转情况,LDL-C主要提供组织内源胆固醇。张俐勤等[25]研究表明,罗汉果皂苷提取物能降低动物血脂。Mitra等[26]研究发现,皂苷成分可以与胆固醇形成胶束,随尿液排出体外,从而降低血清胆固醇含量。本试验结果表明,饲粮中添加糖萜素和植物乳杆菌可改善肉鹅血清生化指标,其中Ⅲ组血清HDL-C含量较对照组提高了39.1%;而各组之间血清TG、LDL-C、TC含量无显著差异,这与前人研究结果相一致,推测糖萜素和植物乳杆菌的联合使用改善了肠道菌群,影响了胆汁酸的组成,还影响了胆汁受体信号通路,进而在调节脂质代谢中发挥关键作用。

3.4 饲粮中添加糖萜素和植物乳杆菌对鹅胸肌肉品质的影响

肉品质是指肉的肉色、pH、嫩度等相关的理化性质。研究表明,在牛育肥中添加皂苷可以显著提高牛肉品质的氧化稳定性,并使肉质更嫩,被消费者更容易接受[27]。詹勇等[28]研究表明,饲粮中添加500 mg/kg糖萜素可以降低猪肉b*和L*值,提高猪肉a*值。Suo等[29]研究表明,在猪饲粮中添加植物乳杆菌可改善猪肉品质,提高系水力,减少滴水损失,并使肉色更加鲜艳。本试验发现,饲粮中添加植物乳杆菌可显著降低肉鹅胸肌剪切力,饲粮中添加糖萜素可显著降低肉鹅胸肌硬度、黏性和胶黏性、剪切力,提高肌肉嫩度。
有研究证明,饱和脂肪酸在血清中可转化为胆固醇,可引起动脉粥样硬化[30],而不饱和脂肪酸对降低胆固醇有一定的效果[31]。研究报道,MUFA比多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)具有更高的氧化稳定性及更优的生理活性[32-33],可以在降低LDL-C含量的同时,不会降低HDL-C含量,从而对预防动脉粥硬化更有效。王小梅[34]研究表明,肌肉脂肪组织中MUFA能够改善肉的香味和风味,表现出与肉品质成正比。本试验结果表明,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组胸肌MUFA含量显著高于对照组,且Ⅲ组优于Ⅱ组,可能是糖萜素提高了肠道内益生菌丰度,进而影响了肉鹅体内营养代谢相关通路[35]。

4 结论

① 饲粮中单一添加植物乳杆菌改善了肉鹅生长性能和胸肌质构特性,同时提高了胸肌MUFA含量。
② 饲粮中联合添加糖萜素和植物乳杆菌可以改善脂类代谢指标,降低胸肌SFA含量,同时可以提高胸肌不饱和脂肪酸含量,效果优于单一添加糖萜素和植物乳杆菌。

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