1 材料与方法
1.1 饲养与管理
1.2 试验设计及样品采集
1.3 肠道组织切片
1.4 肠道消化酶活性测定
1.5 肠道微生物16S rDNA测序
1.5.1 DNA的提取和高通量测序
1.5.2 高通量测序结果初筛和数据分析
1.6 统计分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 不同养殖阶段的大口黑鲈肠道结构变化
图1 不同养殖阶段的大口黑鲈肠道组织学结构和肠道绒毛高度A图中,BB:纹状缘;CM:环肌;GC:杯状细胞;IV:肠绒毛;LM:纵肌;SCE:单层柱状上皮;Se:浆膜;SM:黏膜下层;TP:固有膜。B图中,红色箭头标注的红色细线代表肠道绒毛高度。In the figure A, BB: brush border; CM: circular muscle; GC: goblet cell; IV: intestinal villus; LM: longitudinal muscle; SCE: single columnar epithelium; Se: serosa; SM: sub mucosa;TP: tunica propria. In the figure B, the thin red line marked by the red arrow represents the height of the intestinal villus. Fig.1 Intestinal histology structure and intestinal villous height of Micropterus salmoides at different breeding stages |
表1 不同养殖阶段的大口黑鲈肠道绒毛高度的变化Table 1 Changes of intestinal villous height of Micropterus salmoides at different breeding stages mm |
| 项目 Item | 第5天 Day 5 | 第25天 Day 25 | 第45天 Day 45 | 第180天 Day 180 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 肠道绒毛高度 Intestinal villous height | 0.073±0.017a | 0.150±0.058b | 0.232±0.063c | 0.984±0.198d |
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示显著差异(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
Values with different small letter superscripts mean significant differences (P<0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 不同养殖阶段的大口黑鲈肠道消化酶活性变化
表2 不同养殖阶段的大口黑鲈肠道消化酶活性的变化Table 2 Changes of intestinal digestive enzyme activities of Micropterus salmoides at different breeding stagesng/mg prot |
| 项目 Items | 第5天 Day 5 | 第25天 Day 25 | 第45天 Day 45 | 第180天 Day 180 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 胰蛋白酶 Trypsin | 105.022±29.264bc | 79.214±23.070a | 102.089±20.744b | 120.217±22.591c |
| 脂肪酶 Lipase | 69.313±19.781b | 47.705±19.437a | 67.230±18.411b | 85.795±16.904c |
| 淀粉酶 Amylase | 40.831±9.803b | 30.145±7.292a | 46.540±8.484c | 50.795±8.095c |
2.3 肠道微生物
2.3.1 16S rDNA测序数据与排序
2.3.2 不同养殖阶段的大口黑鲈肠道微生物α-和β-多样性分析
2.3.3 不同养殖阶段的大口黑鲈肠道细菌门相对丰度变化
2.3.4 不同养殖阶段的大口黑鲈肠道细菌属相对丰度变化
2.3.5 不同养殖阶段的大口黑鲈肠道细菌种类变化
图7 线性判别分析效应大小分析比较了第5和25天2个阶段之间大口黑鲈肠道中已确定的细菌类群的相对丰度a:LEfSe分析产生的分类学分支图,图中亮度和每个分类单元的丰度成正比;b:通过Kruskal-Wallis检验(P<0.05),LDA评分>4,直方图中显示的分类群丰度显著不同。绿色:变形菌门中的细菌;红色:厚壁菌门中的细菌;蓝色:软壁菌门中的细菌;紫色:放线菌门中的细菌;黄色:其他门中的细菌。下图同。a:taxonomic cladogram produced from LEfSe analysis, brightness is proportional to abundance of each taxon;b: taxa shown in histogram are determined to differ significantly by Kruskal-Wallis (KW) sum-rank test (P<0.05) and have LDA score>4, the abundance of taxa shown in the histogram is significantly different. Green: bacteria in Proteobacteria; Red: bacteria in Firmicutes; Blue: bacteria in Tenericutes; Purple: bacteria in Actinobacteria; Yellow: bacteria in other phyla. The same as below. Aeromonas_caviae:豚鼠气单胞菌;Aeromonas_veronii:维氏气单胞菌;Aeromonas_sp_VKM_B_2261:气单胞菌属某种-VKM-B-2261;uncultured_Aeromonas_sp.:未培养-气单胞菌属某种;Aeromonas:气单胞菌属;Aeromonadaceae:气单胞菌科;Aeromonadales:气单胞菌目;Acinetobacter_junii:琼氏不动杆菌;Acinetobacter_sp.:不动杆菌属某种;uncultured_Acinetobacter_sp.:未培养-不动杆菌属某种;Acinetobacter:不动杆菌属;Bifidobacterium_pseudocatenulatum:假小链双歧杆菌;Bacillus_sp_enrichment_culture_clone_HM_01:芽孢杆菌属某种-环境培养克隆-HM-01;Bacillus:芽孢杆菌属;Bacillaceae:芽孢杆菌科;Bacillales:芽孢杆菌目;Bacilli:杆菌纲;Capnocytophaga_unclassified:二氧化碳嗜纤维菌-未分类;Capnocytophaga:二氧化碳嗜纤维菌;Cetobacterium_somerae:索氏鲸杆菌;Cetobacterium:鲸杆菌属;Citrobacter freundii:弗劳地柠檬酸杆菌;Citrobacter:柠檬酸杆菌属;Coriobacteriales:红蝽菌目;Coriobacteriia:红蝽菌纲;Escherichia_Shigella_unclassified:大肠埃希菌-志贺氏菌属-未分类;Escherichia_Shigella:大肠埃希菌-志贺氏菌属;Enterobacter:肠杆菌属;Enterobacteriaceae:肠杆菌科;Enterobacterales:肠杆菌目;Faecalibacterium_sp.:粪杆菌属某种;Klebsiella_unclassified:克雷白氏杆菌属-未分类;Klebsiella:克雷白氏杆菌属;Lactococcus_garvieae:格氏乳球菌;Lactococcus:乳球菌属;Lactobacillales:乳杆菌目;uncultured_Mycoplasma_sp.:未培养-支原体属某种;Mycoplasma:支原体属;Mycoplasmataceae:支原体科;Mycoplasmatales:支原体目;Mollicutes:软皮体纲;Moraxellaceae:莫拉氏菌科;Oribacterium:颤杆菌克属;Prevotellaceae_UCG_001_unclassified:普雷沃氏菌科-UCG-001-未分类;Prevotellaceae_UCG_001:普雷沃氏菌科-UCG-001;Prevotellaceae_Ga6A1_group_unclassified:普雷沃氏菌科Ga6A1群-未分类;Prevotellaceae_Ga6A1_group:普雷沃氏菌科Ga6A1群;Pseudomonas_monteilii:蒙氏假单胞菌;Pseudomonas_plecoglossicida:香鱼假单胞菌;Pseudomonas_sp_CNE_2:假单胞菌属某种-CNE-2;Pseudomonas:假单胞菌属;Pseudomonadaceae:假单胞菌科;Pseudomonadales:假单胞菌目;Peptostreptococcus_unclassified:消化链球菌-未分类;Pseudomonas_sp_VS05_112:假单胞菌属某种-VS05-112;Plesiomonas_unclassified:邻单胞菌属-未分类;Plesiomonas:邻单胞菌属;Streptococcaceae:链球菌科。下图同 the same as below。 Fig.7 Compared relative abundance of all identified bacterial taxa in gut of Micropterus salmoides between two stages of days 5 and 25 by LEfSe analysis |
图8 线性判别分析效应大小分析比较了第25和45天2个阶段之间大口黑鲈肠道中已确定的细菌类群的丰度Fig.8 Compared abundance of all identified bacterial taxa in the gut of Micropterus salmoides between two stages of days 25 and 45 by LEfSe analysis |
图10 不同养殖阶段的大口黑鲈肠道中变形菌门下选定细菌物种的相对丰度Fig.10 Relative abundance of selected bacterial species of Proteobacteria in gut of Micropterus salmoides at different breeding stages |
