1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验动物及试验设计
1.3 试验饲粮
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of basal diets (air-dry basis)% |
| 项目 Items | 1~35日龄 1 to 35 days of age | 36~70日龄 36 to 70 days of age |
|---|---|---|
| 原料 Ingredients | ||
| 玉米 Corn | 54.0 | 58.0 |
| 豆粕 Soybean meal | 36.0 | 30.0 |
| 玉米蛋白粉 Corn gluten meal | 3.0 | 5.0 |
| 大豆油 Soybean oil | 3.0 | 3.0 |
| 食盐 NaCl | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| 石粉 Limestone | 1.5 | 1.5 |
| 磷酸氢钙 CaHPO4 | 1.2 | 1.2 |
| 预混料 Premix1) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 合计 Total | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| 营养水平 Nutrient levels2) | ||
| 代谢能 ME/(MJ/kg) | 12.47 | 12.77 |
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 21.80 | 20.55 |
| 赖氨酸 Lys | 1.25 | 1.15 |
| 蛋氨酸 Met | 0.58 | 0.52 |
| 蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸 Met+Cys | 0.95 | 0.85 |
| 钙 Ca | 1.10 | 1.04 |
| 总磷 TP | 0.67 | 0.65 |
| 有效磷 AP | 0.43 | 0.41 |
| 维生素B5 Vitamin B5/(mg/kg) | 8.02 | 6.06 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of diets:1~35日龄 1 to 35 days of age,VA 15 000 IU,VD3 4 500 IU,VE 24 U,VK3 3 mg,VB1 3 mg,VB2 9.6 mg,VB6 3 mg,VB12 0.018 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 39 mg,叶酸 folic acid 1.5 mg,生物素 biotin 0.15 mg,胆碱 choline 700 mg,Cu 8 mg,Mn 110 mg,Fe 60 mg,Zn 60 mg,I 0.35 mg;36~70日龄 36 to 70 days of age,VA 10 000 IU,VD3 34 00 IU,VE 16 IU,VK3 2.0 mg,VB1 2.0 mg,VB2 6.4 mg,VB6 2.0 mg,VB12 0.012 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 26 mg,叶酸 folic acid 1.0 mg,生物素 biotin 0.1 mg,胆碱 choline 500 mg,Cu 8 mg,Zn 40 mg,Mn 80 mg,Fe 60 mg,I 0.35 mg。 2)营养水平中代谢能和有效磷为计算值,其余为实测值。ME and AP in nutrient levels were calculated values, while the others were measured values. |
1.4 饲养管理
1.5 测定指标及方法
1.5.1 饲粮营养成分
1.5.2 生长性能
1.5.3 肉品质
1.5.4 血清抗氧化指标
1.5.5 血清免疫和抗炎指标
1.5.6 血清维生素B5含量
1.6 数据统计分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 D-泛酸钙对肉鸡生长性能的影响
表2 D-泛酸钙对肉鸡生长性能的影响Table 2 Effects of D-calcium pantothenate on growth performance of broilers |
| 项目 Items | D-泛酸钙添加水平 D-calcium pantothenate supplemental levels/(mg/kg) | SEM | P值 P-value | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 处理 Treatment | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | |||||||||
| 0 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | ||||||
| 前期(1~35日龄) Earlier period (1 to 35 days of age) | |||||||||||
| 平均日增重 ADG/g | 13.32b | 13.69ab | 13.86ab | 14.07a | 14.01a | 13.92ab | 0.17 | 0.026 | 0.216 | 0.021 | |
| 平均日采食量 ADFI/g | 34.89 | 35.36 | 35.18 | 35.03 | 35.13 | 35.29 | 0.54 | 0.997 | 0.995 | 0.940 | |
| 料重比 F/G | 2.62 | 2.58 | 2.54 | 2.49 | 2.51 | 2.53 | 0.03 | 0.097 | 0.086 | 0.070 | |
| 后期(36~70日龄) Later period (36 to 70 days of age) | |||||||||||
| 平均日增重 ADG/g | 27.69 | 28.19 | 28.80 | 30.07 | 29.01 | 28.99 | 0.63 | 0.203 | 0.056 | 0.109 | |
| 平均日采食量 ADFI/g | 90.90 | 90.49 | 91.06 | 93.46 | 91.39 | 92.04 | 1.62 | 0.839 | 0.430 | 0.727 | |
| 料重比 F/G | 3.28a | 3.21ab | 3.16b | 3.11b | 3.15b | 3.18ab | 0.03 | 0.041 | 0.200 | 0.022 | |
| 全期(1~70日龄) Overall period (1 to 70 days of age) | |||||||||||
| 平均日增重 ADG/g | 20.51b | 20.94ab | 21.33ab | 22.07a | 21.51ab | 21.46ab | 0.34 | 0.033 | 0.155 | 0.035 | |
| 平均日采食量 ADFI/g | 62.90 | 62.92 | 63.12 | 64.25 | 63.26 | 63.67 | 0.79 | 0.813 | 0.430 | 0.727 | |
| 料重比 F/G | 3.07a | 3.01ab | 2.96b | 2.91b | 2.94b | 2.97b | 0.03 | 0.002 | 0.102 | 0.003 | |
同行数据肩标相同小写字母或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with the same small letter or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 D-泛酸钙对肉鸡肉品质的影响
表3 D-泛酸钙对肉鸡70日龄肉品质的影响Table 3 Effects of D-calcium pantothenate on meat quality of broilers at 70 days of age |
| 项目 Items | D-泛酸钙添加水平 D-calcium pantothenate supplemental levels/(mg/kg) | SEM | P值 P-value | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | 处理 Treatment | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | |||
| pH45 min | 6.26 | 6.21 | 6.18 | 6.23 | 6.12 | 6.18 | 0.08 | 0.805 | 0.188 | 0.719 | |
| pH24 h | 5.74 | 5.80 | 5.81 | 5.87 | 5.76 | 5.81 | 0.07 | 0.173 | 0.265 | 0.138 | |
| 亮度 L* | 54.14 | 52.75 | 51.44 | 51.69 | 51.90 | 53.07 | 1.52 | 0.701 | 0.353 | 0.131 | |
| 红度 a* | 8.56 | 8.25 | 8.89 | 9.05 | 8.14 | 8.56 | 0.62 | 0.839 | 0.977 | 0.687 | |
| 黄度 b* | 12.46 | 12.21 | 12.39 | 11.97 | 12.14 | 12.31 | 0.74 | 0.996 | 0.764 | 0.758 | |
| 滴水损失 Drip loss/% | 2.20a | 1.81b | 1.76b | 1.61b | 1.63b | 1.84b | 0.16 | 0.004 | 0.069 | 0.006 | |
2.3 D-泛酸钙对肉鸡血清抗氧化指标的影响
表4 D-泛酸钙对肉鸡血清抗氧化指标的影响Table 4 Effects of D-calcium pantothenate on serum antioxidant indices of broilers |
| 项目 Items | D-泛酸钙添加水平 D-calcium pantothenate supplemental levels/(mg/kg) | SEM | P值 P-value | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | 处理 Treatment | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | |||
| 35日龄 35 days of age | |||||||||||
| 总抗氧化能力 T-AOC/(U/mL) | 4.07b | 4.16b | 5.09a | 4.89a | 4.90a | 4.77ab | 0.20 | <0.001 | 0.052 | 0.004 | |
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px/(U/mL) | 789.02 | 784.44 | 822.34 | 841.87 | 833.49 | 824.96 | 28.93 | 0.762 | 0.157 | 0.441 | |
| 总超氧化物歧化酶 T-SOD/(U/mL) | 225.55 | 231.52 | 229.87 | 236.69 | 241.96 | 235.33 | 8.97 | 0.899 | 0.274 | 0.681 | |
| 丙二醛 MDA/(nmol/mL) | 2.25a | 1.87b | 1.84b | 1.61b | 1.76b | 1.77b | 0.08 | 0.014 | 0.054 | 0.024 | |
| 70日龄 70 days of age | |||||||||||
| 总抗氧化能力 T-AOC/(U/mL) | 5.41b | 5.75ab | 6.39a | 6.50a | 6.38a | 6.13ab | 0.23 | 0.011 | 0.112 | 0.015 | |
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px/(U/mL) | 870.99 | 877.27 | 883.39 | 875.20 | 886.91 | 877.18 | 29.95 | 0.999 | 0.844 | 0.841 | |
| 总超氧化物歧化酶 T-SOD/(U/mL) | 322.67 | 328.72 | 332.94 | 340.73 | 344.10 | 328.03 | 36.64 | 0.739 | 0.513 | 0.400 | |
| 丙二醛 MDA/(nmol/mL) | 2.91a | 2.56b | 2.50b | 2.34b | 2.37b | 2.44b | 0.12 | 0.009 | 0.001 | 0.016 | |
2.4 D-泛酸钙对肉鸡血清免疫球蛋白含量的影响
表5 D-泛酸钙对肉鸡血清免疫球蛋白含量的影响Table 5 Effects of D-calcium pantothenate on serum immunoglobulin contents of broilersmg/mL |
| 项目 Items | D-泛酸钙添加水平 D-calcium pantothenate supplemental levels/(mg/kg) | SEM | P值 P-value | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | 处理 Treatment | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | |||
| 35日龄 35 days of age | |||||||||||
| 免疫球蛋白G IgG | 4.23b | 5.52a | 5.34a | 5.85a | 5.97a | 5.19a | 0.28 | 0.001 | 0.053 | <0.001 | |
| 免疫球蛋白A IgA | 0.78 | 0.86 | 0.85 | 0.82 | 0.87 | 0.90 | 0.06 | 0.861 | 0.278 | 0.965 | |
| 免疫球蛋白M IgM | 0.49 | 0.62 | 0.65 | 0.63 | 0.57 | 0.60 | 0.05 | 0.215 | 0.294 | 0.064 | |
| 70日龄 70 days of age | |||||||||||
| 免疫球蛋白G IgG | 5.71b | 6.66ab | 7.61a | 7.69a | 7.19ab | 6.60ab | 0.43 | 0.008 | 0.061 | 0.001 | |
| 免疫球蛋白A IgA | 0.82 | 0.90 | 0.86 | 0.85 | 0.82 | 0.84 | 0.07 | 0.989 | 0.842 | 0.723 | |
| 免疫球蛋白M IgM | 0.57 | 0.61 | 0.70 | 0.67 | 0.72 | 0.67 | 0.06 | 0.268 | 0.095 | 0.237 | |
2.5 D-泛酸钙对肉鸡血清炎症因子含量的影响
表6 D-泛酸钙对肉鸡血清炎症因子含量的影响Table 6 Effects of D-calcium pantothenate on serum inflammatory factor contents of broilersng/L |
| 项目 Items | D-泛酸钙添加水平 D-calcium pantothenate supplemental levels/(mg/kg) | SEM | P值 P-value | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | 处理 Treatment | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | |||
| 35日龄 35 days of age | |||||||||||
| 白细胞介素-1β IL-1β | 180.00 | 174.05 | 168.01 | 171.13 | 172.13 | 191.15 | 8.55 | 0.483 | 0.594 | 0.070 | |
| 白细胞介素-6 IL-6 | 49.92 | 45.19 | 43.88 | 45.64 | 48.34 | 46.91 | 2.17 | 0.496 | 0.631 | 0.081 | |
| 肿瘤坏死因子-α TNF-α | 43.45 | 40.26 | 41.39 | 40.35 | 42.16 | 43.84 | 2.17 | 0.888 | 0.872 | 0.166 | |
| 白细胞介素-10 IL-10 | 16.05 | 17.80 | 16.13 | 17.74 | 17.63 | 16.90 | 0.85 | 0.635 | 0.369 | 0.410 | |
| 70日龄 70 days of age | |||||||||||
| 白细胞介素-1β IL-1β | 276.63 | 269.13 | 263.00 | 248.75 | 256.88 | 263.85 | 13.18 | 0.863 | 0.275 | 0.431 | |
| 白细胞介素-6 IL-6 | 62.21a | 49.73b | 46.39b | 47.25b | 51.15b | 54.60b | 3.06 | 0.002 | 0.051 | 0.001 | |
| 肿瘤坏死因子-α TNF-α | 67.97a | 60.68ab | 49.88bc | 46.60c | 51.41bc | 54.44bc | 3.67 | 0.001 | 0.101 | 0.002 | |
| 白细胞介素-10 IL-10 | 17.04 | 18.74 | 17.31 | 18.33 | 18.35 | 17.33 | 0.86 | 0.779 | 0.721 | 0.268 | |
2.6 D-泛酸钙对肉鸡血清维生素B5含量的影响
表7 D-泛酸钙对肉鸡血清维生素B5含量的影响Table 7 Effects of D-calcium pantothenate on serum vitamin B5 content of broilersng/mL |
| 项目 Items | D-泛酸钙添加水平 D-calcium pantothenate supplemental levels/(mg/kg) | SEM | P值 P-value | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | 处理 Treatment | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | |||
| 35日龄 35 days of age | 11.09 | 11.24 | 11.52 | 12.23 | 12.16 | 12.20 | 0.37 | 0.089 | 0.060 | 0.578 | |
| 70日龄 70 days of age | 11.82c | 12.30bc | 12.68ab | 13.38a | 13.15a | 13.23a | 0.27 | <0.001 | 0.001 | 0.013 | |
2.7 基于二次曲线回归分析肉鸡饲粮中D-泛酸钙的适宜添加水平
表8 基于二次曲线回归分析肉鸡饲粮中D-泛酸钙的适宜添加水平Table 8 Optimal supplemental level of D-calcium pantothenate in diets for broilers based on quadratic regression analysis |
| 项目 Items | 回归方程 Regression equation | 决定系数 R2 | P值 P-value | 适宜添加水平 Optimal supplement level/(mg/kg) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1~35日龄平均日增重 ADG from 1 to 35 days of age | y=-1.19×10-3x2+0.06x+13.29 | 0.362 | 0.001 | 25.21 |
| 1~70日龄平均日增重 ADG from 1 to 70 days of age | y=-2.17×10-3x2+0.10x+20.40 | 0.450 | 0.009 | 23.04 |
| 36~70日龄料重比 F/G from 36 to 70 days of age | y=3.34×10-4x2-0.01x+3.29 | 0.244 | 0.010 | 14.97 |
| 1~70日龄料重比 F/G from 1 to 70 days of age | y=2.84×10-4x2-0.01x+3.07 | 0.389 | <0.001 | 20.83 |
| 70日龄胸肌滴水损失 Drip loss of breast muscle at 70 days of age | y=1.37×10-3x2-0.06x+2.22 | 0.398 | <0.001 | 20.22 |
| 70日龄血清维生素B5含量 Serum vitamin B5 content at 70 days of age | y=-1.20×10-3x2+0.09x+11.74 | 0.708 | <0.001 | 30.00 |
| 35日龄血清总抗氧化能力 Serum T-AOC at 35 days of age | y=-1.58×10-4x2+0.07x+4.00 | 0.486 | 0.002 | 22.15 |
| 70日龄血清总抗氧化能力 Serum T-AOC at 70 days of age | y=-1.65×10-4x2+0.08x+5.34 | 0.497 | 0.002 | 23.33 |
| 35日龄血清丙二醛含量 Serum MDA content at 35 days of age | y=6.23×10-4x2-0.03x+2.07 | 0.483 | 0.003 | 23.27 |
| 70日龄血清丙二醛含量 Serum MDA content at 70 days of age | y=9.83×10-4x2-0.05x+2.92 | 0.553 | <0.001 | 23.40 |
| 35日龄血清免疫球蛋白G含量 Serum IgG content at 35 days of age | y=-4.02×10-3x2+0.16x+4.22 | 0.663 | <0.001 | 19.73 |
| 70日龄血清免疫球蛋白G含量 Serum IgG content at 70 days of age | y=-5.68×10-3x2+0.21x+5.59 | 0.528 | 0.001 | 18.48 |
| 70日龄血清白细胞介素-6含量 Serum IL-6 content at 70 days ofage | y=5.12×10-2x2-1.77x+62.12 | 0.604 | <0.001 | 17.24 |
| 70日龄血清肿瘤坏死因子-α含量 Serum TNF-α content at 70 days of age | y=4.32×10-2x2-1.83x+69.43 | 0.614 | <0.001 | 20.83 |
