Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition >

2023 , Vol. 35 >Issue 10: 6497 - 6506

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12418/CJAN2023.594

RESEARCH PAPER

Effects of Broccoli Residue Fermented Feed on Growth Performance, Nutrient Apparent Digestibility and Serum Biochemical, Antioxidant and Immune Indexes of Sheep

  • ZHOU Rui , 1 ,
  • LI Yaodong 1 ,
  • LUO Jianfen 1 ,
  • ZHANG Xiaoming 2 ,
  • WU Huihao 3 ,
  • ZHU Kai 1 ,
  • WU Fan 4 ,
  • XU Hongwei , 1, * ,
  • ZANG Rongxin , 1, *
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  • 1 College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730100, China
  • 2 Gansu Dabeinong Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730000, China
  • 3 Experimental Teaching Department, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730100, China
  • 4 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
*XU Hongwei, associate professor, E-mail: ;
ZANG Rongxin, professor, E-mail:

Received date: 2023-04-07

  Online published: 2023-10-12

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Abstract

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of broccoli residue fermented feed on growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility and serum biochemical, antioxidant and immune indexes of sheep. Fifty-four 5-month-old Oula male sheep with similar body weight and good body condition were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups with 3 replicates per group and 6 lambs per replicate. Sheep in control group, trial group Ⅰ and trial group Ⅱ were fed experimental diets supplemented with 0, 10% and 20% broccoli residue fermented feed, respectively. The experiment lasted for 78 days, including 14 days pre-experiment period and 64 days formal experiment period. The results showed as follows: 1) the average daily gain (ADG) during days 33 to 64 and days 1 to 64 of trial group Ⅰ and trial group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), and the feed to gain ratio was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). 2) The crude protein (CP) apparent digestibility of trial group Ⅰ and trial group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), and the ether extract (EE) apparent digestibility of trial group Ⅰ was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). 3) The serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity of trial group Ⅰ was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05), and the serum creatine kinase (CK) activity of trial group Ⅰ and trial group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). 4) The serum total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity and immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) contents of trial group Ⅰ and trial group Ⅱ were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). In summary, adding broccoli residue fermented feed to the diet can improve the growth performance, CP apparent digestibility, antioxidant capacity and immune function of sheep.

Key words： broccoli residue; fermented feed; sheep; growth performance; nutrient digestibility; antioxidant; immune

Cite this article

ZHOU Rui , LI Yaodong , LUO Jianfen , ZHANG Xiaoming , WU Huihao , ZHU Kai , WU Fan , XU Hongwei , ZANG Rongxin . Effects of Broccoli Residue Fermented Feed on Growth Performance, Nutrient Apparent Digestibility and Serum Biochemical, Antioxidant and Immune Indexes of Sheep[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2023 , 35(10) : 6497 -6506 . DOI: 10.12418/CJAN2023.594

近年来,随着人们生活水平的提高,蔬菜的采收、储存及销售方式也随之发生改变。我国每年产生的蔬菜尾菜达8亿t[1]。然而,这些蔬菜尾菜通常堆积于田间地头,不仅造成了环境污染,其中的营养物质也未得到有效地利用[2⇓-4]。蔬菜尾菜通常具有很强的季节性和很高的含水量(>80%),且含有丰富的营养物质,微生物发酵饲料是利用微生物代谢作用将饲料原料通过发酵制成的一种新型饲料,近年来受到了广泛的关注。饲料原料在发酵过程能够提高饲料中潜在营养物质的保存并降低抗营养因子含量[5]。一方面,饲料原料中的大分子物质和抗营养因子经过微生物的代谢活动可以转化为高效、无毒的小分子营养物质;另一方面,发酵可以改善饲料的营养特性、消化率适口性和安全性。发酵饲料在制作的过程中通常需要添加水,从而达到一定的湿度利于发酵,利用蔬菜尾菜作为发酵饲料中水分的来源,不仅可以将其转化为具有更高价值的动物饲料,同时还可减少对环境的污染[6⇓-8]。大量研究表明,利用农业副产物制成的发酵饲料应用于动物生产后,对畜禽的肠道微生态、健康和生产力均有积极影响[9⇓-11]。Kim等[12]研究发现,添加经过乳酸菌发酵的饲料可以提高韩牛的采食量和生长效率。然而,国内关于利用蔬菜尾菜制作发酵饲料且应用于畜禽生产的研究鲜有报道。因此,本试验通过在饲粮中添加不同比例的西兰花尾菜发酵饲料,探究其对绵羊生长性能、营养物质表观消化率及血清生化、抗氧化和免疫指标的影响,为西兰花尾菜发酵饲料在绵羊生产中的合理应用提供参考依据。

1 材料与方法

1.1 西兰花尾菜发酵饲料的制作

将新鲜、干净的西兰花尾菜切碎成2~3 cm后,与棉籽粕、菜籽粕、胡麻粕、小麦麸和玉米按重量比43∶15∶15∶12∶12∶3(鲜重基础)混合均匀,利用西北民族大学生命科学与工程学院资源微生物开发与利用实验室保存的枯草芽孢杆菌、产朊假丝酵母和植物乳杆菌按照质量比1∶1∶1进行混合制作复合菌液,按0.2%将复合菌液添加于饲料原料中,混合均匀后装至带呼吸阀的厌氧发酵袋中密封,室温(25 ℃)下经厌氧发酵5 d得到发酵饲料。西兰花尾菜发酵饲料营养水平见表1。
表1 西兰花尾菜发酵饲料pH、营养水平和细菌菌落(干物质基础)

Table 1 pH, nutrient levels and bacteria colony of broccoli residue fermented feed (DM basis)

项目 Items 含量 Content
pH 4.65
营养水平 Nutrient levels
代谢能 ME/(MJ/kg) 11.02
粗蛋白质 CP/% 30.50
中性洗涤纤维 NDF/% 26.72
酸性洗涤纤维 ADF/% 14.57
粗脂肪 EE/% 4.20
钙 Ca/% 1.42
总磷 TP/% 1.05
细菌菌落 Bacteria colony/[lg(CFU/g)]
枯草芽孢杆菌 Bacillus subtilis 3.90×109
产朊假丝酵母 Candida utilis 6.90×108
乳杆菌 Lactobacillus 2.20×108

代谢能为计算值,其余为实测值。

ME was a calculated value, while the others were measured values.

1.2 试验设计及饲养管理

试验采用单因素完全随机设计,选取54只体重相近、体况良好的5月龄欧拉绵羊公羔,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复6只。对照组、试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组分别饲喂添加0、10%和20%西兰花尾菜发酵饲料的试验饲粮。试验期共78 d,其中预试期14 d,正试期64 d。每天分别于08:00和18:00将精料和粗料等量混合(鲜重基础)后饲喂,自由饮水。定期对食槽、水槽及圈舍进行清理、消毒。试验饲粮根据《肉羊饲养标准》(NY/T 816—2021)和羊场实际条件进行配制,其组成及营养水平见表2。
表2 试验饲粮组成及营养水平(干物质基础)

Table 2 Composition and nutrient levels of experimental diets (DM basis)%

项目
Items		 对照组
Control group		 试验Ⅰ组
Trail group Ⅰ		 试验Ⅱ组
Trail group Ⅱ
原料 Ingredients
玉米秸秆 Corn stover 39.25 39.30 39.20
玉米 Corn 35.86 37.03 36.79
西兰花尾菜发酵饲料 Broccoli residue fermented feed 10.00 20.00
小麦麸 Wheat bran 4.24 10.89 1.24
豆粕 Soybean meal 19.07 1.15 1.13
石粉 Limestone 0.42 0.42 0.42
预混料 Premix1) 0.83 0.83 0.84
食盐 NaCl 0.38 0.38 0.38
合计 Total 100.00 100.00 100.00
营养水平 Nutrient levels2)
代谢能 ME/(MJ/kg) 9.15 9.16 9.15
粗蛋白质 CP 13.63 13.67 13.67
粗脂肪 EE 5.49 5.52 5.53
中性洗涤纤维 NDF 41.78 41.78 41.79
酸性洗涤纤维 ADF 26.14 26.86 26.89
钙 Ca 0.65 0.72 0.69
磷 P 0.42 0.46 0.43

1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 Premix provided the following per kg of diets:VA 1 367 IU,VD 194 IU,VE 15 IU,Fe (as ferrous sulfate) 74 mg,Zn (as zinc sulfate) 46.3 mg,Mn (as manganese sulfate) 36.5 mg,Cu (as copper sulfate) 17.0 mg,I (as potassium iodide) 1.5 mg,Co (as cobalt chloride) 0.3 mg,Se (as sodium selenite) 0.3 mg。

2)代谢能为计算值,其他为实测值。ME was a calculated value, while others were measured values.

1.3 样品采集和指标测定

1.3.1 生长性能

预试期结束后,于正试期第1、32、64天早上对试验羊进行空腹称重,每天记录试验羊的投料量和剩料量,计算每组的平均日增重(ADG)、干物质采食量(DMI)和料重比(F/G)[13]。

1.3.2 营养物质表观消化率

正试期第54天每组随机选取体况良好、体重接近的6只试验羊进行消化代谢试验,预试期5 d,正试期5 d。正试期期间,每天采集100 g饲料样品,于-20 ℃保存。采用全收粪法每天收集每只羊的新鲜粪便,除去羊毛及其他杂物后称重并记录。取粪便总量的10%加入硫酸进行固氮,用于粗蛋白质(CP)含量的测定;另取20%放入-20 ℃保存用于其他常规营养物质含量的测定。
饲粮和粪便解样品冻后放入65 ℃烘箱内烘干48 h,回潮24 h称重,经粉碎过16和40目网筛制成分析样品,参照《动物营养学实验教程》[14]测定样品中的干物质(DM)、CP、粗脂肪(EE)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、钙(Ca)和磷(P)含量。营养物质表观消化率计算公式如下:
某营养物质表观消化率(%)=100×(该营养物质摄入量-该营养物质排出量)/该营养物质摄入量。

1.3.3 血清生化、抗氧化和免疫指标

试验结束前1天晨饲前,颈静脉采血5 mL,利用离心机3 000 r/min离心20 min,吸取血清后于-20 ℃保存。血清生化、抗氧化和免疫指标均采用全自动生化分析仪(日立7020)进行测定,所需试剂盒均购自南京建成生物工程研究所。

1.4 数据统计与分析

数据使用Excel 2010进行初步整理后,利用SPSS 22.0软件进行单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA),方差分析差异显著时利用Duncan氏法进行多重比较,差异显著性判断标准为P<0.05。

2 结果

2.1 饲粮中添加西兰花尾菜发酵饲料对绵羊生长性能的影响

由表3可知,试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组的第33~64天及第1~64天的ADG显著高于对照组(P<0.05),且F/G显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。另外,试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组的末重均高于对照组,但差异不显著(P>0.05);第1~32天的ADG和DMI均低于对照组,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。
表3 饲粮中添加西兰花尾菜发酵饲料对绵羊生长性能的影响

Table 3 Effects of dietary broccoli residue fermented feed on growth performance of sheep

项目
Items		 对照组
Control group		 试验Ⅰ组
Trail group Ⅰ		 试验Ⅱ组
Trail group Ⅱ		 标准误
SE		 P值
P-value
初重 IBW/kg 21.83 21.64 21.29 0.26 0.40
末重 FBW/kg 33.41 35.41 34.86 0.41 0.07
平均日增重 ADG/(g/d)
第1~32天 Days 1 to 32 185.82 178.13 184.03 6.89 0.92
第33~64天 Days 33 to 64 175.99b 252.00a 240.10a 6.22 <0.01
第1~64天 Days 1 to 64 180.90b 215.06a 212.07a 4.85 0.01
干物质采食量 DMI/(g/d) 1 217.88 1 182.89 1 176.49 3.41 0.10
料重比 F/G 6.73a 5.50b 5.41b 0.08 0.04

同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。

In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below.

2.2 饲粮中添加西兰花尾菜发酵饲料对绵羊营养物质摄入量和表观消化率的影响

由表4可知,各组之间营养物质摄入量无显著差异(P>0.05)。试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组的CP表观消化率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),试验Ⅰ组的EE表观消化率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。随着饲粮中西兰花尾菜发酵饲料添加比例的增加,DM、NDF、ADF、Ca和P的表观消化率均逐渐升高,但各组之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。
表4 饲粮中添加西兰花尾菜发酵饲料对绵羊营养物质摄入量和表观消化率的影响

Table 4 Effects of dietary broccoli residue fermented feed on nutrient intake and apparent digestibility of sheep

项目
Items		 对照组
Control group		 试验Ⅰ组
Trail group Ⅰ		 试验Ⅱ组
Trail group Ⅱ		 标准误
SE		 P值
P-value
营养物质摄入量 Nutrient intake/(g/d)
粗蛋白质 CP 163.00 161.67 161.83 3.83 0.09
粗脂肪 EE 66.86 65.28 64.94 2.33 0.08
中性洗涤纤维 NDF 508.83 504.13 504.65 8.55 0.08
酸性洗涤纤维 ADF 318.35 317.16 316.36 1.64 0.12
钙 Ca 7.92 8.52 8.12 0.40 0.10
磷 P 5.12 5.44 5.06 0.31 0.23
营养物质表观消化率 Nutrient apparent digestibility/%
干物质 DM 80.45 81.48 82.65 0.97 0.07
粗蛋白质 CP 54.33b 59.98a 61.10a 0.02 0.04
粗脂肪 EE 65.14b 69.57a 67.61ab 0.02 0.01
中性洗涤纤维 NDF 54.06 55.45 55.51 0.30 0.23
酸性洗涤纤维 ADF 42.73 43.04 43.62 0.35 0.24
钙 Ca 91.23 91.47 91.94 0.05 0.25
磷 P 50.14 51.20 52.10 0.04 0.52

2.3 饲粮中添加西兰花尾菜发酵饲料对绵羊血清生化指标的影响

由表5可知,试验Ⅱ组的血清乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性显著低于对照组(P<0.05),试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组的血清肌酸激酶(CK)活性显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。各组之间血清葡萄糖(GLU)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、尿素氮(UN)含量和谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性均无显著差异(P>0.05)。
表5 饲粮中添加西兰花尾菜发酵饲料对绵羊血清生化指标的影响

Table 5 Effects of dietary broccoli residue fermented feed on serum biochemical indexes of sheep

项目
Items		 对照组
Control group		 试验Ⅰ组
Trail group Ⅰ		 试验Ⅱ组
Trail group Ⅱ		 标准误
SE		 P值
P-value
葡萄糖 GLU/(mmol/L) 4.94 5.53 5.69 0.55 0.39
总蛋白 TP/(g/L) 66.95 63.93 62.68 3.02 0.39
白蛋白 ALB/(g/L) 29.65 29.43 30.23 1.51 0.86
乳酸脱氢酶 LDH/(U/L) 644.50a 576.00ab 538.75b 32.69 0.03
肌酸激酶 CK/(U/L) 406.00a 285.00b 294.50b 36.94 0.02
谷丙转氨酶 ALT/(U/L) 22.50 27.75 20.75 3.72 0.20
碱性磷酸酶 ALP/(U/L) 654.6 563.00 568.25 55.56 0.15
甘油三酯 TG/(mmol/L) 0.36 0.25 0.29 0.06 0.25
总胆固醇 TC/(mmol/L) 1.55 1.45 1.44 0.22 0.86
尿素氮 UN/(mmol/L) 2.31 3.12 3.70 0.62 0.11

2.4 饲粮中添加西兰花尾菜发酵饲料对绵羊血清抗氧化和免疫指标的影响

由表6可知,试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组的血清总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性及免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)和免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),且以试验Ⅰ组最高。试验Ⅱ组的血清过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著低于对照组和试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。各组之间血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性和丙二醛(MAD)含量均无显著差异(P>0.05)。
表6 饲粮中添加西兰花尾菜发酵饲料对绵羊血清抗氧化和免疫指标的影响

Table 6 Effects of dietary broccoli residue fermented feed on serum antioxidant and immune indexes of sheep

项目
Items		 对照组
Control group		 试验Ⅰ组
Trail group Ⅰ		 试验Ⅱ组
Trail group Ⅱ		 标准误
SE		 P值
P-value
总抗氧化能力 T-AOC/(U/mL) 18.25 18.81 19.06 1.06 0.75
总超氧化物歧化酶 T-SOD/(U/mL) 85.27b 99.69a 92.77a 4.44 0.03
过氧化氢酶 CAT/(U/mL) 6.57a 7.07a 5.28b 0.56 0.03
谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px/(U/L) 829.91 888.93 796.72 49.00 0.22
丙二醛 MDA/(nmol/mL) 3.39 3.39 3.98 0.50 0.42
免疫球蛋白A IgA/(μg/mL) 12.37b 17.35a 15.65a 1.18 0.01
免疫球蛋白M IgM/(μg/mL) 26.10b 38.16a 33.56a 3.04 0.01
免疫球蛋白G IgG/(μg/mL) 22.25b 31.03a 28.47a 2.30 0.01

3 讨论

3.1 饲粮中添加西兰花尾菜发酵饲料对绵羊生长性能的影响

动物的生长性能直接影响生产经济效益,而动物的ADG和F/G则是饲料价值评定的主要指标。大量研究表明,饲粮中添加发酵饲料能够提高家畜的生长性能[15⇓-17]。仲伟光等[18]研究发现,给育肥羊饲喂膨化发酵秸秆可提高其采食量,并改善羊肉品质。曾钰等[19]研究发现,饲喂含有以发酵杂粕代替75%豆粕的饲粮时,肉牛的生长性能和经济效益均有所提高。邱玉朗等[20]给肉羊饲喂秸秆和玉米浆混合微生物发酵饲料后发现,肉羊的ADG显著提高,F/G显著下降。以上研究结果与本试验结果一致。本试验中,虽然3组绵羊的ADG在第1~32天无显著差异,但随着试验的进行,饲喂添加西兰花尾菜发酵饲料的饲粮显著提高了绵羊第33~64天及第1~64天的ADG,且饲喂添加10%西兰花尾菜发酵饲料的饲粮绵羊的ADG最高。另外,虽然3组绵羊末重差异不显著,但试验组在数值上均高于对照组。DMI对动物的生长发育非常重要,薛晨[21]报道指出,发酵饲料中乳酸菌的迅速增殖可产生大量乳酸,使pH降低并产生酸香味刺激犊牛的食欲,进而提高采食量。然而,丁亚伟等[22]研究表明,添加10%复合益生菌发酵饲料羔羊的采食量高于添加15%复合益生菌发酵饲料。本研究中,绵羊的DMI随着饲粮中西兰花发酵饲料添加比例的增加有下降趋势,但3组之间无显著差异,而且试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组的F/G显著低于对照组。这可能是由于较高比例西兰花发酵饲料的酸度较大,导致饲料适口性降低,从而使采食量略有下降。另外,对照组绵羊在试验后期的ADG略有下降,分析其原因可能是由于在适应了饲粮后其对营养物质的消化吸收效率有所降低引起。

3.2 饲粮中添加西兰花尾菜发酵饲料对绵羊营养物质摄入量和表观消化率的影响

家畜的营养物质表观消化率不仅可以反映家畜的消化能力,也是评价家畜生长性能的重要参考指标,其受多种因素的影响,如饲粮组成、原料的加工方式及采食量等。发酵饲料中的益生菌在发酵过程中产生的多种消化酶不仅可以将饲料原料中的大分子物质,如淀粉、蛋白质、纤维素等分解为小分子物质便于动物消化,还可以作为动物消化道消化酶的补充进一步分解营养物质,提高其利用效率[23⇓⇓-26]。本试验中,虽然3组绵羊的CP摄入量无显著差异,但绵羊的DM和CP表观消化率随着饲粮中西兰花尾菜发酵饲料添加比例的增加而升高,且添加10%西兰花尾菜发酵饲料显著提高了绵羊EE表观消化率,与绵羊ADG结果一致。这表明西兰花尾菜发酵饲料中的微生物能够提高对氮的利用,促进微生物蛋白合成,进而减少粪中的氮排出量。另外,绵羊EE表观消化率的提高可能是由于发酵饲料中含有大量益生菌及其活性代谢产物,可以改善肠道微生物菌群,提高消化酶活性,进而促进了肠道对脂肪的化吸收。丁亚伟等[27]报道指出,添加10%益生菌复合发酵饲料羔羊的NDF和ADF表观消化率均显著升高。然而,张喆萍等[28]研究发现,饲粮中添加15%发酵枣粉降低了荷斯坦犊牛的NDF和ADF表观消化率。本试验中,3组绵羊的NDF和ADF表观消化率无显著差异,这与黄丽琴等[29]的研究结果一致,饲粮中添加35%全株水稻与平菇菌糠共发酵饲料对浏阳黑山羊的NDF和ADF表观消化率无显著影响,说明发酵饲料的原料、添加比例等对饲粮中NDF和ADF表观消化率的影响较大。

3.3 饲粮中添加西兰花尾菜发酵饲料对绵羊血清生化指标的影响

血清生化指标与动物机体的代谢、免疫调节和生长发育等方面具有非常密切的关系,因此,血清生化指标可以反映家畜的健康状况[30]。血清酶活性在饲粮营养水平不变的情况下通常处于平稳状态。LDH是一种糖酵解酶,可催化丙酮酸转化为乳酸,其活性强弱可反映动物体的应激敏感性。研究表明,在心肌细胞凋亡和血清LDH活性提高的情况下,用苦豆碱处理后,会抑制LDH活性,降低机体的应激敏感性[31]。另外,LDH活性提高会促进还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸作为还原剂,将丙酮酸转变为乳酸,诱发瘤胃酸中毒[32]。本试验中,随着饲粮中西兰花尾菜发酵饲料添加比例的增加,绵羊血清LDH活性呈下降趋势,且试验Ⅱ组显著低于对照组,说明添加西兰花尾菜发酵饲料可能通过降低绵羊血清LDH活性进而降低机体的应激敏感性和瘤胃发生酸中毒的几率,相关作用机理还需要进一步研究。CK可调控动物细胞内能量的运输和肌肉收缩,当机体肌肉发生损害时,血清CK活性就会升高。本试验中,试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组的血清CK活性显著低于对照组,表明添加西兰花尾菜发酵饲料未对绵羊肌肉造成损伤。ALT是反映肝脏功能的重要指标之一,当肝脏功能下降,血清ALT活性上升。ALP可反映肠道吸收效率,当出现肠道吸收机障碍时,血清ALP活性会下降。本试验中,饲粮中添加西兰花尾菜发酵饲料对绵羊血清ALT和ALP活性均无显著影响,表明西兰花尾菜发酵饲料对绵羊的肝脏功能与肠道机械屏障的完整性无负面影响。这与孟子琪[33]的研究结果一致,即饲粮中添加发酵麸皮多糖对羔羊血清ALT和ALP活性无显著影响。

3.4 饲粮中添加西兰花尾菜发酵饲料对绵羊血清抗氧化和免疫指标的影响

健康的动物体内活性氧与抗氧化酶保持着动态平衡关系,当平衡打破时,会产生大量自由基,造成氧化应激反应,从而引起多种疾病的发生[34]。抗氧化酶可有效地清除机体代谢过程中产生的自由基,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)主要存在于有氧代谢的细胞内,使细胞免受自由基损失的同时修复被氧化的细胞膜[35]。Jia等[36]研究发现,饲粮中添加地衣芽孢杆菌和酿酒酵母复合添加剂能显著提高育肥羔羊血清T-SOD和GSH-Px活性。本试验中,与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组的血清T-SOD活性显著升高,试验Ⅱ组的血清CAT活性显著降低,表明饲粮中添加西兰花尾菜发酵饲料能够提高绵羊抗氧化能力,保护机体免受氧化损伤。免疫球蛋白主要参与机体的体液免疫,其含量高低能够反映机体的免疫功能[37]。IgA是分泌型抗体,也是黏膜免疫的主要成分,但在反刍动物血清中含量较其他免疫球蛋白含量低。卢张艳等[38]研究发现,饲粮中添加14%杂交构树发酵饲料可以提高湖羊血清IgG含量,这与本试验研究结果一致。本研究中,饲粮中添加西兰花尾菜发酵饲料显著提高了绵羊血清IgA、IgM和IgG含量,表明西兰花尾菜发酵饲料对于提高绵羊的免疫功能具有一定的作用,但具体的作用机制还需深入研究。

4 结论

饲粮中添加西兰花尾菜发酵饲料可以提高绵羊的生长性能、CP表观消化率以及抗氧化性能和免疫功能。

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