1 材料与方法
1.1 试验动物及设计
1.2 饲养管理
1.3 试验饲粮
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 1~35日龄 1 to 35 days of age | 36~70日龄 36 to 70 days of age |
|---|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | ||
| 玉米Corn | 54.00 | 58.00 |
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 36.00 | 30.00 |
| 玉米蛋白粉Corn gluten meal | 3.00 | 5.00 |
| 大豆油Soybean oil | 3.00 | 3.00 |
| 氯化钠NaCl | 0.30 | 0.30 |
| 石粉Limestone | 1.50 | 1.50 |
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 1.20 | 1.20 |
| 预混料Premix1) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 合计Total | 100.00 | 100.00 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | ||
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 2.98 | 3.05 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 21.80 | 20.55 |
| 赖氨酸Lys | 1.25 | 1.15 |
| 蛋氨酸Met | 0.58 | 0.52 |
| 蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸Met+Cys | 0.95 | 0.85 |
| 钙Ca | 1.10 | 1.04 |
| 总磷TP | 0.67 | 0.65 |
| 有效磷AP | 0.43 | 0.41 |
| 维生素B5 Vitamin B5/(mg/kg) | 8.02 | 6.04 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of diets:1~35日龄 1 to 35 days of age,VA 15 000 IU,VD3 4 500 IU,VE 24 U,VK3 3 mg,VB1 3 mg,VB2 9.6 mg,VB6 3 mg,VB12 0.018 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 39 mg,叶酸 folic acid 1.5 mg,生物素 biotin 0.15 mg,胆碱 choline 700 mg,Cu (CuSO4·5H2O) 8 mg,Mn (MnSO4·H2O) 110 mg,Fe (FeSO4·H2O) 60 mg,Zn (ZnSO4·H2O) 60 mg,I (KIO3) 0.35 mg;36~70日龄 36 to 70 days of age,VA 10 000 IU,VD3 3 400 IU,VE 16 IU,VK3 2.0 mg,VB1 2.0 mg,VB2 6.4 mg,VB6 2.0 mg,VB12 0.012 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 26 mg,叶酸 folic acid 1.0 mg,生物素 biotin 0.1 mg,胆碱 choline 500 mg,Cu (CuSO4·5H2O) 8 mg,Zn (ZnSO4·H2O) 40 mg,Mn (MnSO4·H2O) 80 mg,Fe (FeSO4·H2O) 60 mg,I (KIO3) 0.35 mg。 2)代谢能和有效磷为计算值,其余为实测值。ME and AP were calculated values, while the others were measured values. |
1.4 测定指标及方法
1.4.1 饲粮营养成分测定
1.4.2 生长性能测定
1.4.3 临床观察
1.4.4 血液指标测定
1.4.5 屠宰取样和器官指数测定
1.4.6 组织病理学检查
1.5 数据统计分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 饲粮添加D-泛酸钙对肉鸡生长性能的影响
表2 饲粮添加D-泛酸钙对肉鸡生长性能的影响Table 2 Effects of dietary D-calcium pantothenate on growth performance of broilers |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | 均值标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G0 | G25 | G125 | G250 | |||
| 1日龄体重BW at 1 day of age/g | 34.8 | 35.2 | 34.9 | 35.3 | 0.26 | 0.230 |
| 35日龄体重BW at 35 days of age/g | 501.2c | 522.4a | 518.6ab | 513.1b | 0.27 | 0.040 |
| 70日龄体重BW at 70 days of age/g | 1 470.5c | 1 537.5ab | 1 542.7a | 1 530.4b | 0.46 | 0.030 |
| 1~35日龄1 to 35 days of age | ||||||
| 平均日增重ADG/(g/d) | 13.32b | 13.92a | 13.82ab | 13.65ab | 0.17 | 0.045 |
| 平均日采食量ADFI/(g/d) | 34.89 | 35.29 | 34.61 | 34.37 | 0.56 | 0.723 |
| 料重比F/G | 2.62a | 2.53b | 2.50ab | 2.52ab | 0.03 | 0.026 |
| 36~70日龄36 to 70 days of age | ||||||
| 平均日增重ADG/(g/d) | 27.69 | 28.99 | 29.26 | 29.06 | 0.52 | 0.124 |
| 平均日采食量ADFI/(g/d) | 90.90 | 92.04 | 91.31 | 92.44 | 1.80 | 0.940 |
| 料重比F/G | 3.28 | 3.18 | 3.12 | 3.19 | 0.05 | 0.158 |
| 1~70日龄1 to 70 days of age | ||||||
| 平均日增重ADG/(g/d) | 20.51b | 21.46a | 21.54a | 21.36ab | 0.27 | 0.015 |
| 平均日采食量ADFI/(g/d) | 62.90 | 63.67 | 62.96 | 63.40 | 3.30 | 0.928 |
| 料重比F/G | 3.06a | 2.97ab | 2.92b | 2.97ab | 0.04 | 0.036 |
同行数据肩标相同小写字母或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with the same small letter or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P<0.05), while with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 饲粮添加D-泛酸钙对肉鸡血常规指标的影响
表3 饲粮添加D-泛酸钙对肉鸡血常规指标的影响Table 3 Effects of dietary D-calcium pantothenate on blood routine indices of broilers |
| 项目 Items | 时间 Time | 组别Groups | 均值标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G0 | G25 | G125 | G250 | ||||
| 白细胞 | 35日龄35 days of age | 52.21 | 52.31 | 50.02 | 52.75 | 1.60 | 0.643 |
| WBC/(×109个/L) | 70日龄70 days of age | 54.90 | 53.90 | 52.75 | 55.25 | 1.75 | 0.762 |
| 红细胞 | 35日龄35 days of age | 2.54 | 2.51 | 2.63 | 2.59 | 0.08 | 0.727 |
| RBC/(×1012个/L) | 70日龄70 days of age | 2.51 | 2.37 | 2.42 | 2.46 | 1.15 | 0.862 |
| 血红蛋白 | 35日龄35 days of age | 258.50 | 252.88 | 258.63 | 250.63 | 6.86 | 0.808 |
| HGB/(g/L) | 70日龄70 days of age | 261.13 | 264.63 | 258.50 | 262.63 | 10.15 | 0.981 |
| 红细胞压积 | 35日龄35 days of age | 33.87 | 33.36 | 34.54 | 35.08 | 1.08 | 0.713 |
| HCT/% | 70日龄70 days of age | 32.70 | 33.83 | 32.14 | 32.09 | 1.29 | 0.775 |
| 血小板 | 35日龄35 days of age | 7.75 | 7.63 | 7.75 | 7.25 | 0.39 | 0.793 |
| PLT/(×109个/L) | 70日龄70 days of age | 8.13 | 7.88 | 7.63 | 8.25 | 0.42 | 0.741 |
2.3 饲粮添加D-泛酸钙对肉鸡血清生化指标的影响
表4 饲粮添加D-泛酸钙对肉鸡血清生化指标的影响Table 4 Effects of dietary D-calcium pantothenate on serum biochemical indices of broilers |
| 项目 Items | 时间 Time | 组别Groups | 均值标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G0 | G25 | G125 | G250 | ||||
| 谷氨酸氨基转移酶 | 35日龄35 days of age | 1.94 | 2.00 | 2.13 | 2.06 | 0.23 | 0.954 |
| ALT/(U/L) | 70日龄70 days of age | 1.81 | 1.75 | 1.88 | 2.00 | 0.30 | 0.921 |
| 天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶 | 35日龄35 days of age | 276.50 | 286.63 | 282.63 | 272.50 | 10.91 | 0.818 |
| AST/(U/L) | 70日龄70 days of age | 284.13 | 278.13 | 282.88 | 276.87 | 11.66 | 0.968 |
| 碱性磷酸酶 | 35日龄35 days of age | 1 272.63 | 1 227.38 | 1 194.00 | 1 200.25 | 48.88 | 0.679 |
| ALP/(U/L) | 70日龄70 days of age | 1 221.00 | 1 177.88 | 1 189.38 | 1 234.88 | 48.62 | 0.840 |
| 总蛋白 | 35日龄35 days of age | 36.17 | 35.54 | 36.11 | 36.53 | 0.64 | 0.765 |
| TPRO/(g/L) | 70日龄70 days of age | 35.76 | 35.60 | 36.40 | 36.45 | 0.90 | 0.884 |
| 白蛋白 | 35日龄35 days of age | 13.29 | 13.41 | 13.53 | 13.43 | 0.30 | 0.964 |
| ALB/(g/L) | 70日龄70 days of age | 13.08 | 13.33 | 13.56 | 13.24 | 0.40 | 0.867 |
| 葡萄糖 | 35日龄35 days of age | 12.96 | 12.55 | 12.87 | 12.76 | 0.40 | 0.912 |
| GLU/(mmol/L) | 70日龄70 days of age | 13.13 | 14.16 | 13.75 | 13.13 | 0.53 | 0.460 |
| 总胆红素 | 35日龄35 days of age | 3.09 | 3.10 | 2.96 | 3.01 | 0.18 | 0.953 |
| TBILI/(μmol/L) | 70日龄70 days of age | 3.71 | 3.79 | 3.81 | 3.44 | 0.27 | 0.454 |
| 尿酸 | 35日龄35 days of age | 237.79 | 239.79 | 226.84 | 224.86 | 7.27 | 0.370 |
| UA/(μmol/L) | 70日龄70 days of age | 254.59 | 248.43 | 235.11 | 242.49 | 8.72 | 0.343 |
| 肌酐 | 35日龄35 days of age | 3.70 | 3.54 | 3.48 | 3.63 | 0.20 | 0.879 |
| CRE/(μmol/L) | 70日龄70 days of age | 3.64 | 3.68 | 3.50 | 3.60 | 0.23 | 0.963 |
2.4 饲粮添加D-泛酸钙对肉鸡血清维生素B5含量的影响
表5 饲粮添加D-泛酸钙对肉鸡血清维生素B5含量的影响Table 5 Effects of dietary D-calcium pantothenate on serum vitamin B5 content of broilers ng/mL |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | 均值标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G0 | G25 | G125 | G250 | |||
| 35日龄35 days of age | 11.09 | 12.16 | 12.36 | 12.55 | 0.57 | 0.072 |
| 70日龄70 days of age | 11.82c | 13.15b | 13.45b | 14.13a | 0.23 | 0.013 |
2.5 饲粮添加D-泛酸钙对肉鸡器官指数的影响
表6 饲粮添加D-泛酸钙对肉鸡器官指数的影响Table 6 Effects of dietary D-calcium pantothenate on organ indices of broilers g/kg |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | 均值标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G0 | G25 | G125 | G250 | |||
| 心脏指数Heart index | 4.13 | 4.20 | 4.04 | 4.11 | 0.16 | 0.926 |
| 肝脏指数Liver index | 17.50 | 17.21 | 16.58 | 17.80 | 0.68 | 0.646 |
| 脾脏指数Spleen index | 1.59 | 1.72 | 1.78 | 1.62 | 0.04 | 0.264 |
| 肺脏指数Lung index | 4.51 | 4.47 | 4.52 | 4.78 | 0.10 | 0.385 |
| 肾脏指数Kidney index | 5.64 | 5.67 | 5.42 | 5.31 | 0.16 | 0.816 |
| 胰脏指数Pancreas index | 1.88 | 1.86 | 1.84 | 1.87 | 0.12 | 0.986 |
2.6 饲粮添加D-泛酸钙对肉鸡组织病理学的影响
图1 饲粮添加D-泛酸钙对肉鸡心脏组织结构的影响Fig.1 Effects of D-calcium pantothenate on heart tissue structure of broilers (100×) |
图2 饲粮添加D-泛酸钙对肉鸡肝脏组织结构的影响Fig.2 Effects of D-calcium pantothenate on liver tissue structure of broilers (400×) |
图3 饲粮添加D-泛酸钙对肉鸡脾脏组织结构的影响Fig.3 Effects of D-calcium pantothenate on spleen tissue structure of broilers (100×) |
图4 饲粮添加D-泛酸钙对肉鸡肺脏组织结构的影响Fig.4 Effects of D-calcium pantothenate on lung tissue structure of broilers (400×) |
