1 材料与方法
1.1 试验设计
1.2 试验饲粮与饲养管理
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of basal diets (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 61~90日龄 61 to 90 days of age | 91~120日龄 91 to 120 days of age | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |||||
| 玉米Corn | 66.66 | 69.23 | |||
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 25.70 | 23.65 | |||
| 大豆油Soybean oil | 3.91 | 3.50 | |||
| 食盐NaCl | 0.28 | 0.28 | |||
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 1.16 | 1.10 | |||
| 石粉Limestone | 0.96 | 0.91 | |||
| 预混料Premix1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| DL-蛋氨酸DL-Met | 0.10 | 0.09 | |||
| L-赖氨酸盐酸盐L-Lys·HCl | 0.08 | 0.09 | |||
| 氯化胆碱Choline chloride | 0.15 | 0.15 | |||
| 合计Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | |||
| 营养水平Nutrients levels2) | |||||
| 表观代谢能AME/(MJ/kg) | 13.24 | 13.17 | |||
| 粗蛋白质CP | 16.50 | 15.80 | |||
| 钙Ca | 0.70 | 0.66 | |||
| 有效磷AP | 0.27 | 0.25 | |||
| 赖氨酸Lys | 0.81 | 0.78 | |||
| 蛋氨酸Met | 0.34 | 0.33 | |||
| 苏氨酸Thr | 0.57 | 0.55 | |||
| 色氨酸Try | 0.14 | 0.13 |
1)预混料为每千饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of diets:VA 10 000 IU,VD3 3 400 IU,VE 16 IU,VK3 2.0 mg,VB1 2.0 mg,VB2 6.4 mg,VB6 2.0 mg,VB12 0.012 mg,泛酸钙 calcium pantothenate 10 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 26 mg,叶酸 folic acid 1 mg,生物素 biotin 0.1 mg,胆碱 choline 500 mg,Zn (ZnSO4·7H2O) 40 mg,Fe (FeSO4·7H2O) 80 mg,Cu (CuSO4·5H2O) 8 mg,Mn (MnSO4·H2O) 80 mg,I (KI) 0.35 mg,Se (Na2SeO3) 0.15 mg。 2)表观代谢能和粗蛋白质为实测值,其余均为计算值。AME and CP were measured values, while the others were calculated values. |
1.3 样品采集及测定指标
1.3.1 生产性能及BE、体组成的测定
1.3.2 饲粮表观代谢能(AME)的测定
1.4 文昌鸡母鸡NEg、NEe和NEm的计算公式和NEr预测模型的建立
1.5 数据统计和分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 9~17周龄文昌鸡母鸡生产性能和体组成的变化
表2 不同周龄文昌鸡母鸡的生产性能Table 2 Performance of Wenchang hens at different weeks of age |
| 项目 Items | 平均体重 ABW/g | 平均日增重 ADG/g | 平均日采食量 ADFI/g | 料重比 F/G | 产蛋率 EPR/% | 平均产蛋量 AEP/g |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 周龄Weeks of age | ||||||
| 9 | 945.1i | |||||
| 10 | 1 080.3h | 19.32ab | 78.84d | 4.14c | ||
| 11 | 1 224.1g | 20.54a | 82.69d | 4.05c | ||
| 12 | 1 343.3f | 17.03ab | 90.20bc | 5.38bc | ||
| 13 | 1 451.8e | 15.50bc | 88.14c | 5.73bc | ||
| 14 | 1 561.5d | 18.29ab | 96.60a | 5.38bc | ||
| 15 | 1 706.2c | 18.09ab | 98.05a | 5.51bc | 3.12b | 1.11b |
| 16 | 1 788.6b | 11.78cd | 94.60ab | 9.98ab | 4.89b | 1.22b |
| 17 | 1 863.5a | 9.35d | 94.67ab | 14.39a | 14.38a | 4.19a |
| 均值标准误SEM | 34.8 | 3.30 | 4.14 | 4.22 | 5.03 | 1.62 |
| P值P-value | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.03 | 0.01 |
同列数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same column, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
表3 不同周龄文昌鸡母鸡的体组成Table 3 Body composition of Wenchang hens at different weeks of age |
| 项目 Items | 体能 BE/MJ | 体能含量 BE content/(kJ/g) | 体蛋白质含量 Body protein content/(g/g) | 体脂肪含量 Body lipid content/(g/g) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 周龄Weeks of age | ||||
| 9 | 9.51g | 10.06f | 0.20c | 0.15e |
| 10 | 11.90f | 11.01e | 0.20c | 0.18d |
| 11 | 13.89e | 11.35e | 0.21bc | 0.18cd |
| 12 | 16.60d | 12.37d | 0.20c | 0.21c |
| 13 | 19.97c | 13.75c | 0.20c | 0.24b |
| 14 | 20.56c | 13.17cd | 0.20c | 0.24b |
| 15 | 25.72b | 15.06b | 0.23ab | 0.26ab |
| 16 | 28.67a | 16.03a | 0.23a | 0.26ab |
| 17 | 29.19a | 15.66ab | 0.23a | 0.28a |
| 均值标准误SEM | 1.26 | 0.77 | 0.02 | 0.03 |
| P值P-value | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
2.2 文昌鸡母鸡的NEg
2.3 文昌鸡母鸡的NEe
2.4 饲喂水平对文昌鸡母鸡生产性能和能量平衡的影响
表4 饲喂水平对文昌鸡母鸡生产性能的影响Table 4 Effects of feeding level on performance of Wenchang hens |
| 项目 Items | 平均体重 ABW/g | 平均日增重 ADG/g | 平均日采食量 ADFI/g | 料重比 F/G | 产蛋率 EPR/% | 平均产蛋量 AEP/g | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 61~90日龄61 to 90 days of age | |||||||||||||
| 自由采食组Free feeding group | 1 424.3a | 20.62a | 82.66a | 4.02b | |||||||||
| 20%限饲组20% restricted feeding group | 1 294.7b | 16.32b | 66.10b | 4.05b | |||||||||
| 40%限饲组40% restricted feeding group | 1 110.1c | 10.22c | 49.57c | 4.90b | |||||||||
| 60%限饲组60% restricted feeding group | 894.0d | 2.96d | 33.05d | 11.77a | |||||||||
| 均值标准误SEM | 25.9 | 0.84 | 1.22 | 1.73 | |||||||||
| P值P-value | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | |||||||||
| 91~120日龄91 to 120 days of age | |||||||||||||
| 自由采食组Free feeding group | 1 764.6a | 14.90a | 95.51a | 6.48b | 2.41 | 0.64 | |||||||
| 20%限饲组20% restricted feeding group | 1 653.8b | 11.10b | 75.37b | 6.80b | 3.02 | 0.79 | |||||||
| 40%限饲组40% restricted feeding group | 1 490.7c | 5.91c | 56.52c | 9.77a | 2.47 | 0.62 | |||||||
| 60%限饲组60% restricted feeding group | 1 285.6d | -0.99d | 37.68d | 1.42 | 0.33 | ||||||||
| 均值标准误SEM | 37.0 | 1.15 | 1.36 | 1.00 | 1.57 | 0.39 | |||||||
| P值P-value | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.32 | 0.23 |
表5 饲喂水平对文昌鸡母鸡能量平衡的影响Table 5 Effects of feeding level on energy balance of Wenchang hens |
| 项目 Items | 表观代谢能 AME/ (MJ/kg) | 代谢能摄入量 MEi/[kJ/ (BW0.75·d)] | 沉积能 RE/[kJ/ (BW0.75·d)] | 产蛋净能 EE/[kJ/ (BW0.75·d)] | 产热量 HP/[kJ/ (BW0.75·d)] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 61~90日龄61 to 90 days of age | |||||
| 自由采食组Free feeding group | 13.24c | 1 008.31a | 366.77a | 641.55a | |
| 20%限饲组20% restricted feeding group | 13.28c | 846.34b | 255.83b | 590.51b | |
| 40%限饲组40% restricted feeding group | 13.35b | 683.71c | 134.90c | 548.81c | |
| 60%限饲组60% restricted feeding group | 13.62a | 508.74d | 26.53d | 482.21d | |
| 均值标准误SEM | 0.04 | 13.05 | 13.81 | 20.05 | |
| P值P-value | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | |
| 91~120日龄91 to 120 days of age | |||||
| 自由采食组Free feeding group | 13.17c | 909.01a | 231.54a | 2.34 | 675.14a |
| 20%限饲组20% restricted feeding group | 13.19c | 738.06b | 142.09b | 2.86 | 593.10b |
| 40%限饲组40% restricted feeding group | 13.41b | 588.34c | 50.59c | 2.34 | 535.42c |
| 60%限饲组60% restricted feeding group | 13.86a | 428.92d | -50.67d | 1.64 | 479.62d |
| 均值标准误SEM | 0.04 | 8.44 | 25.98 | 1.29 | 27.00 |
| P值P-value | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.45 | <0.01 |
