Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition >

2023 , Vol. 35 >Issue 11: 7149 - 7156

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12418/CJAN2023.650

Original article

Effects of Epigallocatechin Gallate on Performance and Serum Biochemical, Antioxidant and Immune Indexes of Heat Stressed Laying Ducks

  • ZHANG Xu , 1, 2 ,
  • LIU Yang 1 ,
  • HUANG Xuan 1 ,
  • DENG Ping 1 ,
  • LI Chuang 1 ,
  • JIANG Guitao 1, 2 ,
  • DAI Qiuzhong , 1, 2, *
Expand
  • 1 Animal Nutrition and Feeding Technology Laboratory,Hunan Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Changsha 410131, China
  • 2 Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Safety Animal Production, Changsha 410128, China
* professor, E-mail:

Received date: 2023-05-04

  Online published: 2023-11-12

Fold

Abstract

The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on performance and serum biochemical, antioxidant and immune indexes of heat stressed laying ducks. A total of 180 forty-two-week-old Linwu laying ducks during laying period were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups with 6 replicates per group and 15 ducks per replicate. The control group was fed a basal diet, while the experimental group was fed the basal diet supplemented with 300 mg/kg EGCG. The pre-experimental period was 10 days, and the experimental period was 42 days. The experimental period was divided into two periods: heat stress period and recovery period, each with 21 days. The results showed as follows: 1) during heat stress period and recovery period, the laying rate and average daily egg yield of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). 2) During heat stress period, the serum total protein (TP) content of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), and the serum albumin (ALB) content was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.01); during recovery period, the serum creatine kinase (CK) activity of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.01). 3) During heat stress period, the serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), and the serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.01); during recovery period, the activities of SOD and GSH-Px in serum of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05), and the serum catalase (CAT) activity was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.01). 4) During heat stress period, the contents of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) in serum of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.01), and the serum heat shock protein-70 (HSP-70) was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05); during recovery period, the contents of immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG and HSP-70 in serum of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.01). In conclusion, adding 300 mg/kg EGCG to the diet can improve the laying rate and average daily egg yield of heat stressed laying ducks, increase the serum TP, ALB, IgG, IgM, IgA and HSP-70 contents and SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activities, and enhance the antioxidant and immune abilities of heat stressed laying ducks.

Key words： EGCG; heat stress; laying ducks; performance; serum biochemical indexes; antioxidant; immune

Cite this article

ZHANG Xu , LIU Yang , HUANG Xuan , DENG Ping , LI Chuang , JIANG Guitao , DAI Qiuzhong . Effects of Epigallocatechin Gallate on Performance and Serum Biochemical, Antioxidant and Immune Indexes of Heat Stressed Laying Ducks[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2023 , 35(11) : 7149 -7156 . DOI: 10.12418/CJAN2023.650

随着全球气候变暖及蛋鸭养殖逐渐向规模化、集约化和层叠式笼养模式发展,季节性和突发性高温引起蛋鸭热应激的问题日益凸显。蛋鸭热应激是指在高温环境下蛋鸭体温调节及生理机能趋于紊乱而发生的一系列异常反应,可造成采食量、产蛋率及饲料转化率降低,导致蛋鸭产蛋量下降,免疫功能降低,甚至休克或死亡,严重影响蛋鸭的生产性能,给蛋鸭养殖带来巨大的经济损失。同时,热应激会损害家禽肠道形态和肠道黏膜屏障的完整性,导致肠道对饲料的消化和吸收能力降低,毒素等有害物质向肠道渗透,肠道黏膜发生炎症反应。
表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(epigallocatechin gallate,EGCG)是茶多酚中活性最高、抗氧化性最强、含量最高的一种儿茶素,具有抗病毒、抗氧化、促代谢、调节内分泌等功能[1-2]。EGCG能够清除体内自由基,提高动物肠道有益菌丰度,改善血糖代谢,提高有益于发挥抗病毒功能的代谢产物含量,有利于家禽肠道黏膜健康和保持良好的肠道微生物屏障。饲粮中添加茶多酚能够提高肉鸡的淋巴细胞转化率,从而提高肉鸡免疫力[3];还能够提高肉鸡的免疫器官指数,进而提高肉鸡抗病能力[4]。还有研究表明,饲粮中添加EGCG可提高急性热应激肉鸡的抗氧化能力,缓解急性热应激导致的氧化损伤[5]。EGCG能够改变小鼠肠道菌群的结构和组成,促进有益菌丰度增加,抑制有害菌定植[6]。饲粮中添加300和600 mg/kg的EGCG能够改善蛋鸭十二指肠和空肠的形态结构[7]。
热应激会严重影响蛋鸭的生产性能,使蛋鸭的产蛋量和产蛋率降低,料蛋比升高[8],损害蛋鸭健康,降低蛋鸭养殖经济效益。因此,本试验旨在研究EGCG对热应激蛋鸭生产性能及血清生化、抗氧化和免疫指标的影响,为EGCG在防控蛋鸭热应激中应用提供理论依据和指导。

1 材料与方法

1.1 试验设计与饲养管理

前人研究结果显示,饲粮中添加300 mg/kg的EGCG对热应激肉鸡的抗氧化能力有显著影响,且300 mg/kg组和600 mg/kg组差异不显著[2],并可改善热应激蛋鸭的肠道形态结构[7],故本试验中EGCG的添加量设为300 mg/kg。选用180只42周龄产蛋期临武鸭,随机分成2组,每组6个重复,每个重复15只鸭。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中添加300 mg/kg的EGCG。试验期52 d,预试期10 d,正试期42 d,正试期分为热应激期和恢复期2个阶段,各21 d。预试期和热应激期气温35~40 ℃,舍内温度28~35 ℃,相对湿度60%~65%;恢复期气温28~33 ℃,舍内温度23~28 ℃,相对湿度60%~65%。试验进入预试期时蛋鸭已产生热应激,产蛋率下降至50%左右,在预试期调整各重复试验鸭,使产蛋率和日产蛋量差异不显著(P>0.05)。预试期2组试验鸭全部饲喂基础饲粮。
饲养试验在湖南省畜牧兽医研究所水禽试验场进行,蛋鸭分上、下2层阶梯笼养,每笼1只试验鸭,各重复均匀分布于鸭舍。自由采食颗粒料,采用乳头饮水器自由饮水。白天自然光照,夜晚人工光照。每日清理粪便和捡蛋各2次。

1.2 试验饲粮

采用玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,参照GB/T 41189—2021《蛋鸭营养需要量》配制基础饲粮,其组成及营养水平见表1。试验组饲粮在1 t基础饲粮中加入300 g EGCG替代基础饲粮中的300 g沸石粉。EGCG购自西安某生物科技有限公司,纯度为90%。
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)

Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (air-dry basis) %

项目Items 含量Content
原料Ingredients
玉米Corn 31.94
豆粕Soybean meal 26.88
小麦粉Wheat flour 16.00
米糠粕Rice bran meal 10.00
统糠Traditional bran 2.00
大豆油Soybean oil 1.00
磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 1.00
石粉Limestone 9.00
食盐NaCl 0.30
防霉剂Mildew inhibitor 0.15
赖氨酸硫酸盐Lysine·H2SO4 (70%) 0.13
DL-蛋氨酸DL-Met (98%) 0.13
苏氨酸Thr (98%) 0.13
沸石粉Zeolite powder 1.06
禽用多维Multivitamin for poultry1) 0.03
氯化胆碱Choline chloride (50%) 0.10
微量元素预混料Trace elements premix2) 0.10
植酸酶Phytase (10 000 U/g) 0.02
益生菌Probiotics (1×1010CFU/g) 0.01
复合酶Complex enzyme3) 0.02
合计Total 100.00
营养水平Nutrient levels4)
代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) 10.24
粗蛋白质CP 18.00
亚油酸LA 1.57
粗纤维CF 6.72
粗脂肪EE 2.95
赖氨酸Lys 0.90
含硫氨基酸Sulfur-containing amino acids 0.72
苏氨酸Thr 0.64
色氨酸Trp 0.20
钙Ca 3.54
总磷TP 0.67

1)禽用多维为每千克饲粮提供 Multivitamin for poultry provided the following per kg of the diet:VA 12 000 IU,VB1 4 mg,VB2 10 mg,VB5 40 mg,VB6 6 mg,VB12 0.03 mg,VD3 2 000 IU,VE 20 IU,VK3 1 mg,生物素 biotin 0.15 mg,叶酸 folic acid 0.6 mg,D-泛酸 D-pantothenic acid 60 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 50 mg。

2)微量元素预混料为每千克饲粮提供 Trace elements premix provide the following per kg of the diet:Cu (as copper sulfate) 10 mg,Fe (as ferrous sulfate) 60 mg,Mn (as manganese sulfate) 90 mg,Zn (as zinc sulfate) 90 mg,I (as potassium iodide) 0.50 mg,Se (as sodium selenite) 0.4 mg。

3)复合酶中含有 Complex enzyme contained the following:木聚糖酶 xylanase≥18 000 U/g,纤维素酶 cellulase≥1 000 U/g,β-甘露聚糖酶 β-mannanase≥1 000 U/g,β-葡聚糖酶 β-glucanase≥2 000 U/g,α-淀粉酶 α-amylase≥ 200 U/g,蛋白酶 protease≥3 000 U/g。

2)营养水平为计算值。Nutrient levels were calculated values.

1.3 测定指标与方法

1.3.1 生产性能

试验期间每天按重复记录产蛋数、总蛋重、合格蛋重(去除软、破蛋和畸形蛋)、采食量和死亡数,以组为单位统计平均蛋重、平均日产蛋量(总产蛋量/试验天数)、平均日采食量、产蛋率、合格蛋率(合格蛋数/总蛋数)、死亡率和料蛋比。

1.3.2 血清生化、抗氧化和免疫指标

在正试期的第21和42天,从每重复中抽取2只试验鸭,空腹12 h后翅下静脉采血10 mL,静置1 h后于1 776×g离心10 min,分离血清,于-20 ℃冰箱中保存备测。采用日立3100全自动生化仪测定血清葡萄糖(GLU)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、球蛋白(GLB)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、胰岛素(INS)和一氧化氮(NO)含量,以及天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和肌酸激酶(CK)活性。采用试剂盒法(试剂盒购自上海江莱生物科技有限公司),使用Rayto Rt-6100酶标分析仪测定血清丙二醛(MDA)含量、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性,以及免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)和热休克蛋白-70(HSP-70)含量。

1.4 数据统计分析

采用Excel 2010和SPSS 19.0统计软件对数据进行处理和统计分析,显著水平为P<0.05,极显著水平为P<0.01,试验结果以“平均值±标准差”表示。

2 结果

2.1 EGCG对热应激蛋鸭生产性能的影响

如表2所示,在热应激期和恢复期,试验组的产蛋率和平均日产蛋量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),产蛋率分别较对照组高15.91%和9.99%,平均日产蛋量分别较对照组高16.56%和12.12%。在恢复期,试验组的平均日采食量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),较对照组高10.42%。在热应激期和恢复期,试验组和对照组之间合格蛋率、平均蛋重、料蛋比和死亡率均无显著差异(P>0.05)。
表2 EGCG对热应激蛋鸭生产性能的影响

Table 2 Effects of EGCG on growth performance of heat stressed laying ducks

项目
Items		 热应激期Heat stress period 恢复期Recovery period
对照组
Control
group		 试验组
Experimental
group		 P值
P-value		 对照组
Control
group		 试验组
Experimental
group		 P值
P-value
产蛋率Laying rate/% 52.67±6.04 61.05±3.77 0.030 66.86±3.28 73.54±3.48 0.014
合格蛋率Qualified egg rate/% 98.53±1.60 99.31±0.84 0.362 98.91±1.29 99.33±0.71 0.526
平均蛋重Average egg weight/g 67.78±1.39 67.12±1.61 0.537 71.12±1.97 69.86±2.72 0.427
平均日产蛋量Average daily egg yield/g 37.38±3.37 43.57±3.74 0.044 47.53±2.24 53.29±5.05 0.048
料蛋比Feed to egg ratio 2.72±0.30 2.75±0.26 0.851 2.69±0.09 2.65±0.26 0.758
平均日采食量Average daily feed intake/g 105.83±10.41 119.47±9.97 0.067 127.87±4.98 141.20±7.75 0.012
死亡率Mortality/% 2.08±3.23 1.04±2.55 0.549 1.04±2.55 1.04±2.55 1.000

2.2 EGCG对热应激蛋鸭血清生化指标的影响

如表3所示,在热应激期,试验组的血清TP含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),血清ALB含量极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),分别较对照组高17.32%和35.77%。在恢复期,试验组的血清CK活性极显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。在热应激期,试验组和对照组之间血清GLU、GLB、INS、TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C、NO含量和AST、ALT、CK活性及ALB/GLB、AST/ALT均无显著差异(P>0.05);在恢复期,试验组和对照组之间血清GLU、TP、ALB、GLB、INS、TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C、NO含量和AST、ALT活性及ALB/GLB、AST/ALT均无显著差异(P>0.05)。
表3 EGCG对热应激蛋鸭血清生化指标的影响

Table 3 Effects of EGCG on serum biochemical indexes of heat stressed laying ducks

项目
Items		 热应激期Heat stress period 恢复期Recovery period
对照组
Control
group		 试验组
Experimental
group		 P值
P-value		 对照组
Control
group		 试验组
Experimental
group		 P值
P-value
葡萄糖GLU/(mmol/L) 9.51±1.70 8.39±2.00 0.197 8.60±1.55 9.82±1.19 0.065
总蛋白TP/(g/L) 48.74±9.16 57.18±6.92 0.043 58.40±6.71 58.06±2.11 0.880
白蛋白ALB/(g/L) 15.32±4.79 20.80±2.69 0.008 20.55±3.24 21.22±2.31 0.601
球蛋白GLB/(g/L) 31.56±6.29 36.38±5.10 0.093 37.85±5.69 36.84±2.33 0.610
白蛋白/球蛋白ALB/GLB 0.46±0.13 0.54±0.14 0.202 0.55±0.13 0.58±0.06 0.512
甘油三酯TG/(mmol/L) 7.82±7.88 10.96±4.18 0.280 10.63±6.71 13.78±12.02 0.480
总胆固醇TC/(mmol/L) 4.11±1.74 3.52±1.08 0.376 4.94±3.31 3.61±1.49 0.265
高密度脂蛋白胆固醇HDL-C/(mmol/L) 1.54±0.58 1.14±0.18 0.050 1.77±1.01 1.34±0.38 0.221
低密度脂蛋白胆固醇LDL-C/(mmol/L) 1.66±1.32 1.35±0.42 0.487 1.62±0.90 1.32±0.56 0.390
胰岛素INS/(μIU/mL) 4.28±0.77 4.21±0.87 0.840 3.96±0.88 4.58±0.84 0.124
一氧化氮NO/(μmoL/L) 36.24±6.83 35.74±6.86 0.872 33.57±6.99 33.16±8.57 0.908
天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶AST/(U/L) 40.30±29.02 46.50±17.72 0.571 53.10±35.02 51.70±50.89 0.944
丙氨酸氨基转移酶ALT/(U/L) 27.10±25.62 35.80±7.93 0.319 56.20±45.52 40.40±19.53 0.326
天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶/丙氨酸氨基转移酶
AST/ALT		 1.82±0.84 1.31±0.51 0.121 1.02±0.29 1.15±0.46 0.475
肌酸激酶CK/(U/L) 746.25±282.21 880.38±267.60 0.346 512.67±123.61 726.44±136.88 0.003

2.3 EGCG对热应激蛋鸭血清抗氧化和免疫指标的影响

如表4所示,在热应激期,试验组的血清SOD活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),血清GSH-Px活性极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),分别较对照组高21.50%和34.44%;试验组和对照组之间血清MDA含量、CAT活性和T-AOC均无显著差异(P>0.05)。在恢复期,试验组的血清SOD和GSH-Px活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),血清CAT活性极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),分别较对照组高23.28%、20.38%和20.70%;试验组和对照组之间血清MDA含量和T-AOC均无显著差异(P>0.05)。
表4 EGCG对热应激蛋鸭血清抗氧化和免疫指标的影响

Table 4 Effects of EGCG on serum antioxidant and immune indexes of heat stressed laying ducks

项目
Items		 热应激期Heat stress period 恢复期Recovery period
对照组
Control
group		 试验组
Experimental
group		 P值
P-value		 对照组
Control
group		 试验组
Experimental
group		 P值
P-value
超氧化物歧化酶SOD/(U/mL) 1.07±0.23 1.30±0.17 0.019 1.16±0.19 1.43±0.23 0.012
丙二醛MDA/(nmol/mL) 1.47±0.32 1.47±0.24 0.982 1.34±0.35 1.32±0.31 0.890
过氧化氢酶CAT/(U/mL) 91.55±16.02 105.24±19.91 0.107 102.70±15.74 123.96±16.87 0.009
总抗氧化能力T-AOC/(mmol/L) 0.37±0.09 0.40±0.11 0.565 0.43±0.08 0.39±0.09 0.239
谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶GSH-Px/(U/mL) 1.80±0.28 2.42±0.40 0.001 2.11±0.31 2.54±0.44 0.021
免疫球蛋白A IgA/(μg/mL) 39.33±5.92 42.95±5.70 0.181 42.34±4.51 49.92±6.74 0.008
免疫球蛋白G IgG/(μg/mL) 254.66±41.72 316.62±40.00 0.003 303.28±31.28 368.49±58.22 0.006
免疫球蛋白M IgM/(μg/mL) 62.32±10.50 85.88±8.93 0.001 83.87±6.07 90.67±11.86 0.124
热休克蛋白-70 HSP-70/(pg/mL) 42.53±7.94 51.86±10.17 0.034 50.20±5.96 60.26±7.35 0.003
在热应激期,试验组的血清IgG和IgM含量极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),血清HSP-70含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),分别较对照组高24.33%、37.80%和21.94%;试验组和对照组之间血清IgA含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。在恢复期,试验组的血清IgA、IgG和HSP-70含量极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),分别较对照组高17.90%、21.50%和20.04%;试验组和对照组之间血清IgM含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。

3 讨论

3.1 EGCG对热应激蛋鸭生产性能的影响

蛋鸭对环境温度较为敏感,其适宜的生产温度为15~25 ℃,环境温度为26~32 ℃时蛋鸭处于亚热应激状态,温度高于32 ℃时,机体出现高度热应激。蛋鸭受热应激影响会发生采食量减少、生产性能下降、体重降低、饲料转化率下降、死淘率升高等一系列问题,严重影响蛋鸭的生产效益[8-9]。本研究中,饲粮中添加300 mg/kg的EGCG显著提高了热应激蛋鸭的产蛋率和平均日产蛋量,热应激期平均日采食量有提高趋势,恢复期平均日采食量显著提高,说明EGCG能够一定程度上减少热应激对蛋鸭生产性能造成的不良影响,且有利于热应激蛋鸭的生产性能恢复。

3.2 EGCG对热应激蛋鸭血清生化指标的影响

热应激会降低蛋鸭的采食量[8],进而影响蛋鸭的营养状况,致使血清TP含量降低,血清中TP含量与蛋鸭的产蛋率相关,与产蛋率较低时期相比,产蛋率较高时期血清TP含量显著提高[10]。ALB是动物血液中含量最丰富的蛋白质,当营养供给不足时,血清ALB含量会出现明显降低的情况。本研究中,饲粮中添加300 mg/kg的EGCG极显著提高了热应激期血清ALB含量,说明EGCE能够降低热应激对蛋鸭的损害。此外,EGCG促进蛋鸭采食量的提高也是血清TP和ALB含量提高的一个重要原因,这改善了蛋鸭的营养状况,提高了蛋鸭产蛋率,有利于蛋鸭机体健康。

3.3 EGCG对热应激蛋鸭血清抗氧化指标的影响

温度对家禽的生理健康和生长发育有较大影响,当舍内温度过高时,家禽产生高温热应激,散热困难,代谢增强,血液中细菌毒素增加[11⇓-13]。热应激会造成家禽机体损伤,其中氧化应激最为多发,热应激引起活性氧的过量积累,引起机体组织细胞、蛋白质和核酸的氧化损伤[14]。家禽体内的抗氧化酶和外源提供的抗氧化剂共同组成机体的抗氧化防御系统,EGCG即为外源抗氧化剂,内源抗氧化酶包括SOD、CAT和GSH-Px,这些抗氧化酶和脂质过氧化物MDA可作为衡量机体氧化应激的主要标志物[15]。热应激发生后会损伤机体的抗氧化防御系统,引起抗氧化酶活性下降,还会消耗外源抗氧化剂。EGCG是茶多酚中含量最高的一类儿茶素,有较高的抗氧化活性,一些研究表明,EGCG能够增强肉鸡的抗氧化能力[16],减轻热应激引起的氧化损伤[17]。蛋鸡饲粮中添加165 mg/kg的EGCG能够提高蛋鸡血清谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)活性,降低血清MDA含量,且降低蛋清和蛋黄中MDA含量[1]。饲粮中添加300和600 mg/kg的EGCG能够提高热应激肉鸡肝脏中SOD、CAT和GSH-Px活性,降低肝脏中MDA含量[18]。本研究表明,饲粮中添加300 mg/kg EGCG能够提高热应激期和恢复期血清SOD、CAT和GSH-Px活性,这与Xue等[18]的研究结果相一致,说明EGCG提高了蛋鸭抗氧化应激的能力,有助于蛋鸭抵抗热应激。

3.4 EGCG对热应激蛋鸭血清免疫指标的影响

热休克蛋白是机体在应激状态下产生的分子伴侣蛋白,HSP-70家族是体内分布最广、表达量最大的一类热休克蛋白[19-20],热应激能增加机体HSP-70含量,这有助于提高细胞的耐热性,并抵抗细胞凋亡,帮助机体耐热应激损伤[21]。HSP-70可激活免疫系统和释放炎性因子[22]。本试验中,饲粮中添加300 mg/kg EGCG显著或极显著提高了热应激期和恢复期血清HSP-70含量,说明EGCG能够激发蛋鸭机体产生热休克蛋白,帮助蛋鸭抵抗热应激。
IgG、IgM和IgA是动物体内重要的免疫球蛋白,免疫球蛋白是免疫系统中最为关键的组成物质之一。IgG是动物体内含量最高的一种免疫球蛋白,在动物体内表现出抗菌、抗病毒和抗外毒素活性;IgM含量仅次于IgG,IgM是初次免疫应答产生的主要免疫球蛋白,在再次免疫应答中,其含量降低;IgA也具有抗菌、抗病毒和抗毒素等作用[23]。本试验中,饲粮中添加300 mg/kg的EGCG显著极提高了热应激期血清IgG、IgM含量和恢复期血清IgG、IgA含量,说明EGCG提高了热应激蛋鸭的免疫功能,有利于蛋鸭抵抗热应激,减少热应激对机体的损伤,这与本试验中EGCG提高热应激蛋鸭生产性能和抗氧化能力的结果具有一致性。EGCG能够缓解蛋鸭热应激的原因与EGCG提高蛋鸭的抗氧化能力和免疫功能有关,免疫球蛋白能够保护肠道、呼吸道等黏膜器官免受病原微生物的入侵,预防病毒感染,保护机体健康。

4 结论

饲粮中添加300 mg/kg的EGCG提高了热应激蛋鸭的产蛋率和平均日产蛋量,提高了血清TP、ALB、IgA、IgG、IgM和HSP-70含量及SOD和GSH-Px活性,提高了热应激蛋鸭的抗氧化和免疫能力,有助于蛋鸭抵抗热应激。

References

Publishing order | Descend order by publishing year | Descend order by cited within
[1]
RIEGSECKER S, WICZYNSKI D, KAPLAN M J, et al. Potential benefits of green tea polyphenol EGCG in the prevention and treatment of vascular inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis[J]. Life Sciences, 2013, 93(8):307-312.

DOI PMID

[2]
李振军, 吴涵, 杨烨. EGCG对热应激肉鸡脂肪沉积与肝脏抗氧化性能的影响[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2020, 59(23):130-133.

LI Z J, WU H, YANG Y. Effect of epigallocatechin gallate on lipid deposition and liveranti-oxidative capacity in heat-stressed broilers[J]. Hubei Agricultural Sciences, 2020, 59(23):130-133. (in Chinese)

[3]
郜卫华. 茶多酚对肉鸡脂类代谢和免疫机能的影响[D]. 硕士学位论文. 武汉: 华中农业大学, 2003.

GAO W H. Effect of tea polyphenols on lipometabolism and immunity function of broiler chickens[D]. Master's Thesis. Wuhan: Huazhong Agricultural University, 2003. (in Chinese)

[4]
刘海军. 茶多酚、大豆黄酮对热应激下肉仔鸡的影响[D]. 硕士学位论文. 哈尔滨: 东北农业大学, 2005.

LIU H J. Effect of tea polyphenols and daidzein on broilers under heat-stress conditions[D]. Master's Thesis.Harbin:Northeast Agricultural University, 2005. (in Chinese)

[5]
张成, 赵菲, 李煬, 等. EGCG对急性热应激肉鸡抗氧化能力的影响[J]. 中国农业大学学报, 2021, 26(10):139-148.

ZHANG C, ZHAO F, LI Y, et al. Effects of EGCG on antioxidant capacity of acute heat-stressed broilers[J]. Journal of China Agricultural University, 2021, 26(10):139-148. (in Chinese)

[6]
岳晨博, 李敏玉, 于雷雷, 等. 表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯对健康小鼠肠道菌群及代谢组学的影响[J]. 食品与发酵工业, 2022, 48(19):70-78.

YUE C B, LI M Y, YU L L, et al. Effects of EGCG on intestinal microflora and metabolomics in healthy mice[J]. Food and Fermentation Industries, 2022, 48(19):70-78. (in Chinese)

[7]
郝晓娜, 辛清武, 李丽, 等. EGCG对热应激蛋鸭肠道结构及十二指肠IgA的影响[J]. 福建畜牧兽医, 2022, 44(4):10-12,16.

HAO X N, XIN Q W, LI L, et al. Effects of epigallocatechin gallate on intestinal structure and duodenal IgA in heat-stressed laying ducks[J]. Fujian Journal of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 44(4):10-12,16. (in Chinese)

[8]
辛清武, 郝晓娜, 李丽, 等. 热应激对蛋鸭产蛋性能和蛋品质的影响研究[J]. 福建畜牧兽医, 2022, 44(1):4-6.

XIN Q W, HAO X N, LI L, et al. Effects of heat stress on laying performance and egg quality of laying ducks[J]. Fujian Journal of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 44(1):4-6. (in Chinese)

[9]
MA X Y, LIN Y C, ZHANG H X, et al. Heat stress impairs the nutritional metabolism and reduces the productivity of egg-laying ducks[J]. Animal Reproduction Science, 2014, 145(3/4):182-190.

DOI

[10]
卢立志, 赵爱珍, 沈军达, 等. 青壳Ⅰ系、白壳Ⅰ系和绍鸭(RE系)产蛋初期及高峰期某些血液指标变化规律的观察[J]. 畜牧兽医杂志, 1997(2):5-6.

LU L Z, ZHAO A Z, SHEN J D, et al. Observations on the changes of some blood indexes in the early and peak period of egg production of green shell Ⅰ series,white shell Ⅰ series,and Shao duck (RE series)[J]. Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 1997(2):5-6. (in Chinese)

[11]
ALHENAKY A, ABDELQADER A, ABUAJAMIEH M, et al. The effect of heat stress on intestinal integrity and Salmonella invasion in broiler birds[J]. Journal of Thermal Biology, 2017, 70(Part B):9-14.

DOI

[12]
SEJIAN V, BHATTA R, GAUGHAN J B, et al. Review:adaptation of animals to heat stress[J]. Animal, 2018, 12(s2):s431-s444.

DOI

[13]
BARRETT N W, ROWLAND K, SCHMIDT C J, et al. Effects of acute and chronic heat stress on the performance,egg quality,body temperature,and blood gas parameters of laying hens[J]. Poultry Science, 2019, 98(12):6684-6692.

DOI

[14]
BONI R. Heat stress,a serious threat to reproductive function in animals and humans[J]. Molecular Reproduction and Development, 2019, 86(10):1307-1323.

DOI

[15]
SURAI P F, KOCHISH I I, FISININ V I, et al. Antioxidant defence systems and oxidative stress in poultry biology:an update[J]. Antioxidants, 2019, 8(7):235.

DOI

[16]
SONG J, LEI X, LUO J X, et al. The effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate on small intestinal morphology,antioxidant capacity and anti-inflammatory effect in heat-stressed broilers[J]. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 2019, 103(4):1030-1038.

DOI

[17]
LUO J X, SONG J, LIU L Z, et al. Effect of epigallocatechin gallate on growth performance and serum biochemical metabolites in heat-stressed broilers[J]. Poultry Science, 2018, 97(2):599-606.

DOI PMID

[18]
XUE B, SONG J, LIU L Z, et al. Effect of epigallocatechin gallate on growth performance and antioxidant capacity in heat-stressed broilers[J]. Archives of Animal Nutrition, 2017, 71(5):362-372.

DOI PMID

[19]
SHAN Q, MA F T, WEI J Y, et al. Physiological functions of heat shock proteins[J]. Current Protein&Peptide Science, 2020, 21(8):751-760.

[20]
SURAI P F. Antioxidant systems in poultry biology:heat shock proteins[J]. Journal of Science, 2015, 5(12):1188-1222.

[21]
ROUFAYEL R, KADRY S. Molecular chaperone HSP70 and key regulators of apoptosis-a review[J]. Current Molecular Medicine, 2019, 19(5):315-325.

DOI

[22]
DE MAIO A. Extracellular HSP70:export and function[J]. Current Protein&Peptide Science, 2014, 15(3):225-231.

[23]
张娜, 孙高超. 免疫球蛋白功能和应用研究[C]// 中国畜牧兽医学会2009学术年会论文集(下册). 石家庄: 中国畜牧兽医学会, 2009:511.

ZHANG N, SUN G C. Research on the function and application of immunoglobulin[C]// Proceedings of 2009 Academic Annual Meeting of Chinese Society of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine (Volume Ⅱ). Shijiazhuang: Chinese Association of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2009:511. (in Chinese)

Options
Outlines

/

〈 〉

京ICP备17050989号-2
Copyright © Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, All Rights Reserved.
Tel: 010－62817823　E-mail: cjan@vip.163.com
Powered by Beijing Magtech Co., Ltd.