Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition >

2023 , Vol. 35 >Issue 11: 7183 - 7191

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12418/CJAN2023.654

Original article

Effects of Dietary Manganese-Amino Acid Complex on Growth Performance, Slaughter Performance and Lipid Metabolism of Wugang Copper Geese

  • YU Kejia , 1 ,
  • HUANG Xuan 2 ,
  • TANG Yuhuan 1 ,
  • XU Lirong 1 ,
  • LI Chuang 2 ,
  • DENG Ping 2 ,
  • ZHANG Xu 2 ,
  • LIU Yang 2 ,
  • FAN Zhiyong , 1, ** ,
  • JIANG Guitao , 2, **
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  • 1 College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
  • 2 Hunan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Changsha 410128, China
** FAN Zhiyong, professor, E-mail: ;
JIANG Guitao, professor, E-mail:

*Contributed equally

Received date: 2023-05-17

  Online published: 2023-11-12

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Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different dietary levels of manganese-amino acid complex on growth performance, slaughter performance, organ indices, serum biochemical indices and liver lipid metabolism indices of Wugang copper geese aged from 5 to 10 weeks, and to determine the appropriate supplemental level of manganese-amino acid complex. A total of 300 Wugang copper geese of 28-day-old were randomly divided into 6 groups with 5 replicates per group and 10 geese per replicate (half male and half female). The geese in the control group were fed a basal diet, and the others in experimental groups (groups Ⅰ to Ⅴ) were fed the basal diet supplemented with 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg/kg manganese-amino acid complex (calculated by manganese), respectively. The experiment lasted for 42 days. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with the control group, dietary manganese-amino acid complex had no significant effects on growth performance, slaughter performance and organ indices of geese (P>0.05). 2) Compared with the control group, the serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) content in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the serum uric acid (UA) content in groups Ⅱ to Ⅴ was significantly decreased (P<0.05). 3) Compared with the control group, the fatty acid synthase (FAS) activity in liver in all experimental groups was significantly increased (P<0.05), the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in liver in group Ⅲ was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) activity in liver in groups Ⅰ to Ⅳ was significantly increased (P<0.05). 4) Using the activities of FAS, LPL and ACC in liver as evaluation indexes, the optimal supplemental level of organic manganese in diets for Wugang copper geese was estimated to be 50.39 to 53.67 mg/kg by quadratic curve model. In conclusion, dietary manganese-amino acid complex has no significant effects on growth performance, slaughter performance and organ indices of Wugang copper geese aged from 5 to 10 weeks, but the appropriate level of organic manganese can improve serum biochemical indexes and regulate body lipid metabolism.

Key words： manganese-amino acid complex; growth performance; serum biochemical indices; slaughter performance; organ indices; geese

Cite this article

YU Kejia , HUANG Xuan , TANG Yuhuan , XU Lirong , LI Chuang , DENG Ping , ZHANG Xu , LIU Yang , FAN Zhiyong , JIANG Guitao . Effects of Dietary Manganese-Amino Acid Complex on Growth Performance, Slaughter Performance and Lipid Metabolism of Wugang Copper Geese[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2023 , 35(11) : 7183 -7191 . DOI: 10.12418/CJAN2023.654

锰是家禽生长发育过程中必需的微量元素之一,在体内主要以锰酶(氧化还原酶、羧化酶、水解酶和糖酶等)的形式发挥作用[1],并且在机体三大营养物质代谢、免疫及造血功能调节等诸多方面具有重大影响[2]。锰在吸收过程中容易被单宁、植酸等物质吸附形成大分子物质被快速降解并排出体外[3],而家禽对锰的需要量较高,缺锰易导致骨短粗、骨形成障碍及滑键等营养缺乏症[4],因此生产上通常会过量添加无机锰。研究表明,家禽对饲粮中无机锰的吸收率仅有1.0%~2.3%[5];而有机锰具有稳定性好、利用率高和适口性好等特点,其应用效果明显优于无机锰[6]。NRC(1994)给出生长期鹅的锰推荐需要量为66 mg/kg,34~43周龄鹅饲粮中锰适宜添加水平为24.27~32.91 mg/kg[7],47~56周龄五龙鹅种鹅锰需要量为30 mg/kg[8]。上述结果差异较大且有机锰在生长期肉鹅饲粮中的适宜添加水平尚未见报道。因此,本试验以武冈铜鹅为研究对象,通过在饲粮中梯度添加有机锰,研究氨基酸锰络合物对5~10周龄武冈铜鹅生长性能、屠宰性能、器官指数、血清生化指标和肝脏脂质代谢指标的影响,为探讨有机锰在肉鹅生产上的实际应用提供参考数据。

1 材料与方法

1.1 试验材料

本试验所用锰源为氨基酸锰络合物,总锰(以锰计)含量≥15.0%,购自北京某生物科技有限公司。

1.2 试验饲粮与试验设计

本试验所需饲粮依据广东灰鹅饲养标准配制,饲粮中维生素和矿物质含量满足NRC(1994)所推荐的鹅需要量,其中基础饲粮中锰含量为9.02 mg/kg,基础饲粮组成及营养水平见表1。选取28日龄、体重相近的武冈铜鹅300羽,采用随机试验设计,分为6个组,每组5个重复,每个重复10羽(公母各占1/2)。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,各试验组(Ⅰ组~Ⅴ组)分别在基础饲粮中添加20、40、60、80和100 mg/kg的氨基酸锰络合物(以锰元素计)。试验期42 d。
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平 (风干基础)

Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (air-dry basis) %

项目Items 含量Content
原料Ingredients
玉米Corn 29.30
豆粕Soybean meal 22.00
碎米Broken rice 27.00
统糠Rice bran and hull 16.70
石粉Limestone 2.67
磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 1.50
氯化钠NaCl 0.28
多矿Multi-minerals1) 0.45
多维Multi-vitamins2) 0.10
合计Total 100.00
营养水平Nutrient levels3)
代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) 10.87
粗蛋白质CP 16.33
钙Ca 0.77
有效磷AP 0.58
赖氨酸Lys 0.26
DL-蛋氨酸DL-Met 0.13
锰Mn/(mg/kg) 9.02

1)每千克多矿含有 Per kilogram of multi-minerals contained the following:Fe (FeSO4·5H2O) 1.2 g,Cu (CuSO4·5H2O) 0.2 g,Zn (ZnSO4·7H2O) 1.8 g,I (KI) 10 mg,Se (Na2SeO3) 6 mg。

2)每千克多维含有 Per kilogram of multi-vitamins contained the following:VA 20 000 IU,VD3 4 500 IU,VE 300 IU,VK3 20 mg,VB1 10 mg,VB2 120 mg,VB6 20 mg,VB12 0.2 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 600 mg,泛酸 pantothenate acid 180 mg,叶酸 folic acid 10 mg,生物素 biotin 0.8 mg,胆碱 choline 7 g。

3)代谢能为计算值,其余均为实测值。ME was a calculated value, while the others were measured values.

1.3 饲养管理

试验于湖南省浏阳市试验基地进行,试验鹅采用高层平网方式饲养,层高3 m;栏舍整体为木制材料,底部铺垫塑料网垫,自然光照和通风;试验鹅自由采食和饮水,执行常规免疫程序。

1.4 检测指标及方法

1.4.1 生长性能

试验开始和结束时,以重复为单位对试验鹅进行空腹称重,分别记录为始重和末重;试验期间,按重复记录饲喂量和剩料重,计算试验鹅平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)和料重比(F/G)。

1.4.2 屠宰性能

试验结束时,每个重复选取2只鹅(公母各1只),根据NY/T 823—2020《家禽生产性能名词术语和度量计算方法》方法,测定鹅的屠体重、半净膛重、全净膛重、胸肌重、腿肌重、腹脂重和皮脂重,并根据公式计算屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率、腹脂率和皮脂率。计算公式如下:
屠宰率(%)=(屠体重/宰前活重)×100;
半净膛率(%)=(半净膛重/宰前活重)×100;
全净膛率(%)=(全净膛重/宰前活重)×100;
胸肌率(%)=(2侧胸肌重/全净膛重)×100;
腿肌率(%)=(2侧腿肌重/全净膛重)×100;
腹脂率(%)=[腹脂重/(腹脂重+全净膛重)]×100;
皮脂率(%)=[(皮重+皮下脂肪重+腹脂重)/(全净膛重+腹脂重)]×100。

1.4.3 器官指数

试验结束时,每个重复选取2只鹅(公母各1只),采集器官(心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肌胃和腺胃)并去除结缔组织,再用滤纸擦干血液称重,计算器官指数,计算公式为:
器官指数(%)=[器官湿重(g)/活体重(g)]×100。

1.4.4 血清生化指标

试验结束时,每个重复选取2只鹅(公母各1只),翅下静脉采血5 mL,室温下静置30 min后,3 000 r/min离心10 min,取上清液。采用全自动生化仪(URIT-8000,优利特,美国)测定血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)和尿酸(UA)含量。

1.4.5 肝脏脂质代谢指标

试验结束时,每个重复选取2只鹅(公母各1只),取肝脏样品测定肝脏中脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)、脂蛋白脂肪酶(LPL)和乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACC)活性,其中肝脏FAS和ACC活性采用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)试剂盒测定,肝脏LPL活性采用LPL检测试剂盒测定。

1.5 数据统计及分析

试验数据采用SPSS 22.0统计软件进行单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA),差异显著者采用Duncan氏法进行多重比较,结果用“平均值±标准差”(mean±SD)表示,P<0.05表示差异显著。采用SAS 9.0软件的非线性模拟程序中的二次曲线模型拟合武冈铜鹅各敏感指标与饲粮氨基酸锰络合物水平的二次曲线方程,并求导得出武冈铜鹅饲粮中锰适宜添加水平。

2 结果

2.1 饲粮添加氨基酸锰络合物对武冈铜鹅生长性能的影响

由表2可知,与对照组相比,各试验组武冈铜鹅末重、平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比均无显著差异(P>0.05)。
表2 饲粮添加氨基酸锰络合物对武冈铜鹅生长性能的影响

Table 2 Effects of dietary manganese-amino acid complex on growth performance of Wugang copper geese

项目
Items		 组别Groups P值
P-value
对照Control Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅴ
初重
IBW/g		 1 006.00
±15.17		 984.00
±32.09		 980.00
±32.40		 978.00
±19.24		 978.00
±33.47		 988.00
±35.64		 0.646
末重
FBW/g		 3 355.20
±81.45		 3 363.40
±83.82		 3 368.40
±67.22		 3 391.60
±40.58		 3 407.00
±20.09		 3 404.20
±26.20		 0.625
平均日增重
ADG/(g/d)		 55.93
±2.17		 56.65
±1.26		 56.87
±2.23		 57.47
±0.90		 57.83
±0.74		 57.53
±1.31		 0.424
平均日采食量
ADFI/(g/d)		 176.19
±7.34		 176.67
±7.02		 175.71
±4.26		 179.52
±4.32		 178.09
±4.26		 177.14
±6.21		 0.910
料重比
F/G		 3.16
±0.24		 3.12
±0.16		 3.09
±0.11		 3.13
±0.08		 3.08
±0.10		 3.08
±0.15		 0.959

同行数据肩标相同字母或无字母表示显著不差异(P>0.05),不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。

In the same row, values with the same letter or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below.

2.2 饲粮添加氨基酸锰络合物对武冈铜鹅屠宰性能的影响

由表3可知,与对照组相比,饲粮添加氨基酸锰络合物对武冈铜鹅屠宰性能指标均无显著影响(P>0.05)。
表3 饲粮添加氨基酸锰络合物对武冈铜鹅屠宰性能的影响

Table 3 Effects of dietary manganese-amino acid complex on slaughter performance of Wugang copper geese %

项目
Items		 组别Groups P值
P-value
对照Control Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅴ
屠宰率
Dressing percentage		 87.82±1.63 86.59±2.17 85.91±1.92 86.74±1.40 86.48±1.50 85.87±1.07 0.597
半净膛率
Half-eviscerated
percentage		 75.93±1.81 74.49±1.65 74.73±2.09 76.00±0.81 75.37±2.05 74.34±1.57 0.231
全净膛率
Eviscerated percentage		 68.90±1.23 67.89±1.73 67.87±2.55 69.84±1.25 68.61±2.03 67.71±1.60 0.139
胸肌率
Breast muscle
percentage		 9.94±1.06 8.96±1.89 9.60±1.30 11.12±1.65 9.59±1.40 9.74±1.81 0.158
腿肌率
Leg muscle percentage		 14.56±3.07 15.22±2.80 14.49±1.34 14.61±1.64 14.03±1.54 13.86±0.76 0.862
腹脂率
Abdominal fat
percentage		 6.19±1.01 5.80±2.02 6.09±1.65 5.66±1.36 5.00±1.56 5.80±1.53 0.667
皮脂率
Skin fat percentage		 16.41±1.99 16.22±1.13 18.26±1.28 17.17±1.83 17.80±2.64 18.25±1.14 0.149

2.3 饲粮添加氨基酸锰络合物对武冈铜鹅器官指数的影响

由表4可知,与对照组相比,饲粮添加氨基酸锰络合物对武冈铜鹅器官指数均无显著影响(P>0.05)。
表4 饲粮添加氨基酸锰络合物对武冈铜鹅器官指数的影响

Table 4 Effects of dietary manganese-amino acid complex on organ indices of Wugang copper geese %

项目
Items		 组别Groups P值
P-value
对照Control Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅴ
心脏指数Heart index 0.63±0.12 0.60±0.07 0.62±0.07 0.65±0.10 0.62±0.09 0.63±0.09 0.966
肝脏指数Liver index 2.36±0.68 2.18±0.20 2.34±0.65 2.07±0.31 2.20±0.32 2.20±0.32 0.792
脾脏指数Spleen index 0.13±0.06 0.14±0.04 0.09±0.03 0.12±0.04 0.13±0.05 0.12±0.02 0.361
肌胃指数
Muscular stomach index		 2.71±0.72 2.56±0.28 2.53±0.79 2.48±0.47 3.06±0.43 2.71±0.51 0.380
腺胃指数
Glandular stomach
index		 0.35±0.12 0.37±0.05 0.29±0.07 0.32±0.06 0.40±0.07 0.36±0.07 0.164

2.4 饲粮添加氨基酸锰络合物对武冈铜鹅血清生化指标的影响

由表5可知,与对照组相比,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组武冈铜鹅血清HDL含量显著提高(P<0.05);Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组和Ⅴ组血清UA含量显著降低(P<0.05),且Ⅳ组血清UA含量显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。
表5 饲粮添加氨基酸锰络合物对武冈铜鹅血清生化指标的影响

Table 5 Effects of dietary manganese-amino acid complex on serum biochemical indices of Wugang copper geese

项目
Items		 组别Groups P值
P-value
对照Control Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅴ
甘油三酯
TG/(mmol/L)		 1.68
±0.61		 1.96
±0.86		 1.53
±0.69		 1.33
±0.42		 1.57
±0.80		 1.78
±0.82		 0.596
总胆固醇
TC/(mmol/L)		 3.49
±0.45		 4.24
±0.90		 3.82
±0.45		 4.11
±0.59		 4.05
±0.75		 3.96
±0.93		 0.216
高密度脂蛋白
HDL/(mmol/L)		 1.95
±0.17b		 2.27
±0.38ab		 2.46
±0.22a		 2.52
±0.45a		 2.18
±0.35ab		 2.32
±0.51ab		 0.022
低密度脂蛋白
LDL/(mmol/L)		 0.99
±0.35		 1.35
±0.72		 1.24
±0.25		 1.14
±0.22		 1.33
±0.51		 1.34
±0.43		 0.424
尿酸
UA/(μmol/L)		 377.60
±92.72a		 348.57
±108.82ab		 254.78
±135.04bc		 227.90
±53.39bc		 210.56
±69.35c		 232.00
±107.48bc		 0.002

2.5 饲粮添加氨基酸锰络合物对武冈铜鹅肝脏脂质代谢指标的影响

由表6可知,与对照组相比,各试验组武冈铜鹅肝脏FAS活性均显著提高(P<0.05),且各试验组间无显著差异(P>0.05);Ⅲ组肝脏LPL活性显著高于对照组、Ⅰ组、Ⅳ组和Ⅴ组(P<0.05);与对照组相比,Ⅰ组~Ⅳ组肝脏ACC活性显著提高(P<0.05),且Ⅰ组肝脏ACC活性显著高于Ⅴ组(P<0.05)。
表6 饲粮添加氨基酸锰络合物对武冈铜鹅肝脏脂质代谢指标的影响

Table 6 Effects of dietary manganese-amino acid complex on liver lipid metabolism indices of Wugang copper geese

项目
Items		 组别Groups P值
P-value
对照Control Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅴ
脂肪酸合成酶
FAS/(nmol/L)		 2.12±0.87b 3.13±0.30a 3.14±0.25a 3.10±0.34a 3.20±0.31a 2.98±0.21a 0.001
脂蛋白脂肪酶
LPL/(ng/mL)		 12.74±0.85b 13.69±1.88b 14.35±2.13ab 15.85±1.25a 13.80±1.86b 13.08±1.46b 0.038
乙酰辅酶A羧化酶ACC/(pg/mL) 65.98±6.24c 81.40±11.90a 77.75±7.48ab 76.98±10.17ab 77.30±8.42ab 68.85±2.83bc 0.025

2.6 武冈铜鹅饲粮中锰适宜添加水平

由表7可知,武冈铜鹅肝脏FAS、LPL和ACC活性随饲粮中氨基酸锰络合物添加水平的提高呈现显著的先升高后降低的二次曲线变化(P<0.05),因此,以呈现显著二次曲线指标为评价指标,通过二次曲线模型估测武冈铜鹅饲粮中有机锰适宜添加水平为50.39~53.67 mg/kg。
表7 武冈铜鹅饲粮中锰适宜添加水平

Table 7 Optimal supplemental level of manganese in diets for Wugang copper geese

项目
Items		 回归方程
Regressive equations		 决定系数
R2		 P值
P-value		 适宜添加水平
Optimal supplement
level/(mg/kg)
脂肪酸合成酶FAS y=-0.000 3x2+0.032 2x+2.281 1 0.811 9 0.002 53.67
脂蛋白脂肪酶LPL y=-0.000 9x2+0.090 7x+12.524 0.750 9 0.010 50.39
乙酰辅酶A羧化酶ACC y=-0.004 6x2+0.463 7x+68.46 0.722 6 0.001 50.40

3 讨论

3.1 饲粮添加氨基酸锰络合物对武冈铜鹅生长性能的影响

锰是肉鹅生长发育所必需的微量元素之一,但其对家禽生长性能的影响说法不一。Meng等[9]报道,与对照组相比,饲粮添加硫酸锰和蛋氨酸羟基类似物螯合锰显著提高了肉鸡的末重和平均日增重,但对料重比无显著影响。Bao等[10]研究发现,有机络合锰可显著降低肉鸡料重比。另有文献报道,锰对家禽生长性能无显著影响,如Berta等[11]研究表明有机锰对14~49日龄雏鸡末重和料重比无显著影响;Mwangi等[12]报道,锰对肉鸡生长性能无显著影响;Yang等[13]试验结果表明,锰对1~35日龄北京鸭的末重、平均日采食量和平均日增重均无显著影响。本试验结果显示,饲粮添加氨基酸锰络合物对武冈铜鹅末重、平均日采食量、平均日增重和料重比皆无显著影响,与上述多数结论一致,表明锰对肉鹅生长性能无显著影响。

3.2 饲粮添加氨基酸锰络合物对武冈铜鹅屠宰性能和器官指数的影响

屠宰性能指标是评定肉用动物生长性能的重要指标之一,可直观反映营养物质在机体不同组织的沉积情况。乔富强等[14]报道,饲粮添加120 mg/kg锰分别降低了肉鸡腹脂重和腹脂率达16.5%和20.5%。Sands等[15]试验结果表明,饲粮添加240 mg/kg锰可显著降低肉鸡腹脂率。Lu等[16]研究发现,饲粮添加120 mg/kg锰可降低肉仔鸡腹脂率。陈仲建等[17]研究表明,饲粮添加100和200 mg/kg锰均有提高肉仔鸡腿肌率和降低腹脂率的趋势。宋亚伟等[18]研究发现,无机锰对肉鸡的屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率、胸肌率和腿肌率均无显著影响,但显著降低了肉鸡腹脂率。本试验结果表明,饲粮添加氨基酸锰络合物对武冈铜鹅的各屠宰性能指标均无显著影响,与上述结论存在一定差异,可能与试验动物品种和有机锰添加水平过低有关。
器官指数是衡量器官生长状况和功能的重要指标。本试验结果表明,饲粮添加氨基酸锰络合物有提高武冈铜鹅肌胃指数和腺胃指数的趋势,对心脏指数、肝脏指数和脾脏指数均无显著影响。潘淑勤[19]研究发现,锰源及锰水平对肉鸡脾脏指数、胸腺指数和法氏囊指数均无显著影响,这与本试验结论一致。由此可知,锰对家禽器官指数无显著影响。

3.3 饲粮添加氨基酸锰络合物对武冈铜鹅血清生化指标的影响

血清脂质相关指标的变化与机体脂质代谢密切相关,血清HDL能够将外周TC和TG转移到肝脏,而血清LDL则在TC的逆转运中起重要作用[20]。Xie等[21]报道,锰对蛋鸡血清胆固醇含量没有显著影响。侯爽[22]研究发现,锰显著降低了肉鸡血清尿素氮(UN)含量。本研究发现,饲粮添加氨基酸锰络合物能够显著提高鹅血清HDL含量,显著降低血清UA含量,而对血清TG、TC和LDL含量无显著影响,与上述试验结论相似。以上结果表明,有机锰对鹅血脂指标具有一定的影响。

3.4 饲粮添加氨基酸锰络合物对武冈铜鹅肝脏脂质代谢指标的影响

家禽90%的脂肪在肝脏中合成,FAS、LPL和ACC均是调控脂质代谢的关键酶[23-24]。ACC是催化脂肪合成的限速酶,作用于乙酰辅酶A生成丙二酸单酰辅酶A,随后在FAS的作用下生成软脂酸,进一步加工生成脂肪酸;小肠中形成的乳糜微粒经肠黏膜进入血液循环系统,被LPL水解后释放出游离脂肪酸;LPL还能促进脂肪细胞摄取和储存游离脂肪酸[25]。王美玲等[26]研究发现,饲粮添加100 mg/kg锰降低了肉鸡肝脏FAS活性,对肝脏LPL活性无显著影响。Lu等[27]报道,不同锰源均可显著降低肉鸡腹部脂肪的LPL活性,且相较而言有机锰效果更佳。本试验结果表明,饲粮添加氨基酸锰络合物能够提高武冈铜鹅肝脏FAS、LPL和ACC活性,与上述结论存在差异,可能的原因如下:其一,与试验动物有关,鹅可耐受肝脏脂肪的大量沉积,其体脂的合成代谢与肉鸡存在较大差异;其二,与试验饲粮营养水平有关,由于目前尚未发布武冈铜鹅的饲养标准,借鉴其他品种鹅(本试验借鉴广东灰鹅)的饲养标准中的代谢能和粗脂肪需要量可能并不完全适用于武冈铜鹅,因此可能对试验鹅的体脂代谢水平具有一定的影响;其三,与饲粮中锰的本底值有关,本试验基础饲粮中锰本底值为9.02 mg/kg,均低于王美玲等[26](26 mg/kg)和Lu等[27](20 mg/kg)的试验,导致相关酶对饲粮中锰的敏感性提高。锰调控脂质代谢的机制鲜少报道,有研究认为锰可以通过调控多巴胺等途径影响脂肪沉积,通过提高sbp-1转录因子和降低let-363蛋白激酶的表达,进而诱导脂肪沉积和TG水平上调[28]。此外,由于锰可以像胰岛素一样通过增强现有的低水平胰岛素来增加葡萄糖进入脂肪组织的运输,推测锰的胰岛素样作用也是调控脂质代谢的潜在途径之一[29]。目前结论表明,饲粮添加氨基酸锰络合物可提高武冈铜鹅肝脏ACC、FAS和LPL活性,对肉鹅的脂质代谢具有一定的调控作用。

4 结论

饲粮添加氨基酸锰络合物能够降低武冈铜鹅血清UA含量,提高血清HDL含量以及肝脏ACC、FAS和LPL活性,对肉鹅的脂质代谢具有正向影响。以肝脏脂质代谢相关指标为评价指标,经二次曲线模型估测得出5~10周龄武冈铜鹅饲粮中有机锰适宜添加水平为50.39~53.67 mg/kg。

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