1 材料与方法
1.1 试验设计
1.2 样品采集
1.3 指标测定
1.3.1 肉品质指标测定
1.3.2 营养成分含量测定
1.3.3 风味前体物质含量测定
1.4 数据统计与分析
2 结果
2.1 不同月龄岗巴羊的屠宰率与肉品质比较
表1 不同月龄岗巴羊的屠宰率与肉品质比较Table 1 Comparison of slaughter rate and meat quality of Gangba sheep at different months of age |
| 项目 Items | 6月龄 6 months of age | 18月龄 18 months of age | 48月龄 48 months of age | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 屠宰率Slaughter rate/% | 37.29±0.32 | 36.83±1.12 | 39.86±1.47 | 0.185 |
| pH45 min | 6.98±0.07 | 6.84±0.05 | 6.72±0.08 | 0.092 |
| pH24 h | 5.55±0.18 | 5.60±0.31 | 5.46±0.08 | 0.714 |
| 亮度值L* value | 22.06±2.56 | 25.36±1.16 | 22.41±0.44 | 0.359 |
| 红度值a* value | 15.26±0.65 | 12.36±1.41 | 16.54±1.17 | 0.092 |
| 黄度值b* value | 21.49±1.00 | 17.31±1.91 | 16.96±1.39 | 0.132 |
| 剪切力Share force/N | 18.11±5.27 | 16.17±3.22 | 30.87±6.44 | 0.171 |
| 滴水损失Drip loss/% | 23.42±4.24Aa | 21.54±1.15Aa | 5.09±2.03Bb | 0.007 |
| 熟肉率Cooked meat rate/% | 68.30±3.62 | 73.99±1.40 | 66.43±2.55 | 0.181 |
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),不同大写字母表示差异极显著(P<0.01),相同小写字母或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, different lowercase letters on the shoulder label of data indicate significant difference (P<0.05), different uppercase letters on the shoulder label of data indicate extremely significant difference (P<0.01), and the same lowercase letters or no letter on the shoulder label of data indicate insignificant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 不同月龄岗巴羊肉营养成分比较
表2 不同月龄岗巴羊肉常规营养成分含量比较Table 2 Comparison of conventional nutritional component contents in mutton of Gangba sheep at different months of age % |
| 项目 Items | 6月龄 6 months of age | 18月龄 18 months of age | 48月龄 48 months of age | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 蛋白质Protein | 19.84±0.17Bb | 19.44±0.42Bb | 21.43±0.08Aa | 0.004 |
| 灰分Ash | 1.79±0.02 | 1.74±0.02 | 1.79±0.04 | 0.446 |
| 脂肪Fat | 1.95±0.45 | 2.33±0.15 | 2.63±0.44 | 0.486 |
表3 不同月龄岗巴羊肉氨基酸组成及含量比较Table 3 Comparison of amino acid composition and contents in mutton of Gangba sheep at different months of age % |
| 项目 Items | 6月龄 6 months of age | 18月龄 18 months of age | 48月龄 48 months of age | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 天冬氨酸Asp | 0.017±0.002 | 0.022±0.007 | 0.011±0.005 | 0.377 |
| 丙氨酸Ala | 0.056±0.004 | 0.061±0.004 | 0.060±0.002 | 0.563 |
| 谷氨酸Glu | 0.007±0.006 | 0.014±0.008 | 0.019±0.004 | 0.144 |
| 丝氨酸Ser | 0.011±0.001b | 0.019±0.003a | 0.019±0.004a | 0.043 |
| 精氨酸Arg | 0.016±0.000 | 0.021±0.003 | 0.018±0.002 | 0.082 |
| 甘氨酸Gly | 0.014±0.002 | 0.014±0.002 | 0.013±0.003 | 0.960 |
| 半胱氨酸Cys | 0.003±0.001 | 0.003±0.000 | 0.005±0.002 | 0.507 |
| 脯氨酸Pro | 0.008±0.000 | 0.008±0.001 | 0.007±0.000 | 0.356 |
| 酪氨酸Tyr | 0.012±0.002 | 0.015±0.002 | 0.015±0.001 | 0.315 |
| 赖氨酸Lys | 0.017±0.002 | 0.021±0.001 | 0.017±0.001 | 0.146 |
| 蛋氨酸Met | 0.008±0.001 | 0.010±0.001 | 0.010±0.001 | 0.296 |
| 缬氨酸Val | 0.012±0.002 | 0.014±0.002 | 0.014±0.001 | 0.496 |
| 苏氨酸Thr | 0.132±0.006Aa | 0.112±0.003Ab | 0.059±0.003Bc | <0.001 |
| 异亮氨酸Ile | 0.009±0.001 | 0.012±0.001 | 0.012±0.001 | 0.289 |
| 亮氨酸Leu | 0.017±0.003 | 0.021±0.002 | 0.023±0.002 | 0.270 |
| 苯丙氨酸Phe | 0.010±0.002 | 0.013±0.001 | 0.014±0.001 | 0.270 |
| 组氨酸His | 0.082±0.003 | 0.098±0.005 | 0.115±0.014 | 0.093 |
| 非必需氨基酸NEAA | 0.144±0.008 | 0.175±0.013 | 0.167±0.010 | 0.174 |
| 必需氨基酸EAA | 0.287±0.014 | 0.301±0.013 | 0.262±0.015 | 0.220 |
| 总氨基酸TAA | 0.432±0.020 | 0.476±0.026 | 0.429±0.020 | 0.310 |
| 必需氨基酸占比Proportion of EAA | 66.587±0.931a | 63.257±0.878ab | 61.063±1.645b | 0.047 |
表4 不同月龄岗巴羊肉脂肪酸组成及含量比较Table 4 Comparison of fatty acid composition and contents in mutton of Gangba sheep at different months of age % |
| 项目 Items | 6月龄 6 months of age | 18月龄 18 months of age | 48月龄 48 months of age | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 肉豆蔻酸C14∶0 | 0.045±0.022 | 0.025±0.006 | 0.039±0.002 | 0.578 |
| 十五碳酸C15∶0 | 0.008±0.002 | 0.008±0.001 | 0.011±0.001 | 0.227 |
| 棕榈酸C16∶0 | 0.226±0.068 | 0.238±0.055 | 0.366±0.033 | 0.211 |
| 十七碳酸C17∶0 | 0.013±0.002b | 0.016±0.003b | 0.026±0.003a | 0.039 |
| 硬脂酸C18∶0 | 0.210±0.038 | 0.284±0.046 | 0.347±0.033 | 0.122 |
| 棕榈油酸C16∶1n7 | 0.018±0.008 | 0.015±0.003 | 0.030±0.003 | 0.181 |
| 油酸C18∶1n9c | 0.301±0.096 | 0.309±0.059 | 0.591±0.087 | 0.079 |
| 亚油酸C18∶2n6c | 0.072±0.008 | 0.075±0.004 | 0.099±0.009 | 0.070 |
| α-亚麻酸C18∶3n3 | 0.031±0.001 | 0.036±0.001 | 0.036±0.005 | 0.446 |
| 花生二烯酸C20∶2 | 0.007±0.001 | 0.007±0.001 | 0.008±0.001 | 0.563 |
| 花生四烯酸C20∶4n6 | 0.039±0.004 | 0.030±0.002 | 0.042±0.007 | 0.276 |
| 二十碳五烯酸C20∶5n3 | 0.012±0.002 | 0.017±0.001 | 0.014±0.003 | 0.297 |
| 二十二碳六烯酸C22∶6n3 | 0.005±0.000 | 0.006±0.000 | 0.005±0.001 | 0.646 |
| 饱和脂肪酸SFA | 0.501±0.125 | 0.570±0.111 | 0.789±0.071 | 0.209 |
| 单不饱和脂肪酸MUFA | 0.321±0.105 | 0.326±0.064 | 0.625±0.091 | 0.082 |
| 多不饱和脂肪酸PUFA | 0.164±0.010 | 0.171±0.006 | 0.205±0.015 | 0.084 |
2.3 不同月龄岗巴羊肉风味前体物质比较
表5 不同月龄岗巴羊肉风味前体物质含量比较Table 5 Comparison of flavor precursor contents in mutton of Gangba sheep at different months of age % |
| 项目 Items | 6月龄 6 months of age | 18月龄 18 months of age | 48月龄 48 months of age | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 棕榈酸C16∶0 | 0.226±0.068 | 0.238±0.055 | 0.366±0.033 | 0.211 |
| 硬脂酸C18∶0 | 0.210±0.038 | 0.284±0.046 | 0.347±0.033 | 0.122 |
| 5'-肌苷酸二钠IMP | 0.970±0.040b | 1.066±0.036ab | 1.203±0.038a | 0.013 |
| 谷氨酸Glu | 0.007±0.006 | 0.014±0.008 | 0.019±0.004 | 0.144 |
| 天冬氨酸Asp | 0.017±0.002 | 0.022±0.007 | 0.011±0.005 | 0.377 |
| 丙氨酸Ala | 0.056±0.004 | 0.061±0.004 | 0.060±0.002 | 0.563 |
| 甘氨酸Gly | 0.014±0.002 | 0.014±0.002 | 0.013±0.003 | 0.960 |
