1 材料与方法
1.1 试验动物及分组
1.2 试验饲粮
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(干物质基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (DM basis)% |
| 项目Items | 含量Content |
|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |
| 玉米Corn | 53.60 |
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 21.50 |
| 喷浆玉米皮Sprouting corn bran | 11.50 |
| 玉米胚芽粕Corn germ meal | 8.71 |
| 石粉Limestone | 2.50 |
| 碳酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 1.20 |
| 食盐NaCl | 0.50 |
| 氯化胆碱Choline chloride | 0.10 |
| DL-蛋氨酸DL-Met | 0.09 |
| 植酸酶Phytase | 0.02 |
| 维生素E VE | 0.02 |
| 脱霉素Demycin | 0.02 |
| 预混料Premix1) | 0.24 |
| 合计Total | 100.00 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 10.90 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 17.01 |
| 钙Ca | 1.50 |
| 有效磷AP | 0.36 |
| 蛋氨酸Met | 0.32 |
| 赖氨酸Lys | 0.70 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供The premix provided the following per kg of the diet:VA 8 000 IU,VB1 3.0 mg,VB2 5.5 mg,VB6 2.05 mg,VB12 0.1 mg,VD3 2 500 IU,VK3 2 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 27.6 mg,D-泛酸钙 D-calcium pantothenate 11 mg,叶酸 folic acid 1.5 mg,生物素 biotin 0.1 mg,Fe (as ferrous sulfate) 120 mg,Cu (as copper sulfate) 5.0 mg,Zn (as zinc sulfate) 55 mg,Mn (as manganese sulfate) 47 mg,I (as potassium iodide) 0.66 mg,Se (as sodium selenite) 0.46 mg。 2)粗蛋白质为实测值(参照GB/T 6432—2018),其余为计算值,代谢能参照文献[13]计算。CP was a measured value (refer to GB/T 6432—2018), the others were calculated values, ME was calculated based on reference[13]. |
表2 水培大麦苗的营养成分含量Table 2 Nutritional component contents of hydroponic barley seedling% |
| 项目 Item | 干物质 DM | 粗蛋白质 CP | 粗脂肪 EE | 粗纤维 CF | 粗灰分 Ash | 无氮浸出物 NFE | 中性洗涤纤维 NDF | 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF | 钙 Ca | 总磷 TP |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 含量Content | 15.40 | 13.98 | 3.66 | 7.52 | 2.92 | 65.19 | 40.19 | 17.28 | 1.05 | 0.39 |
干物质是风干基础上的测定值,其他营养成分是在干物质基础上的测定值。 | |
DM was a determined value on the basis of air-dry, while the other nutrients were determined values on the basis of dry matter. |
1.3 主要仪器
1.4 测定指标和方法
1.4.1 生长性能
总增重(g)=终末体重-初始体重;
平均日增重(g/d)=总增重/试验天数;
平均日采食量(g/d)=总采食量/试验天数;
干物质摄入量(g/d)=基础饲粮平均日采食量×基础饲粮干物质含量(85.30%)+水培大麦苗平均日采食量×
水培大麦苗干物质含量(15.40%);
粗蛋白质摄入量(g/d)=基础饲粮平均日采食量×基础饲粮干物质含量(85.30%)×基础饲粮粗蛋白质含量(17.01%)+水培大麦苗平均日采食量×水培大麦苗干物质含量(15.40%)×水培大麦苗粗蛋白质含量(13.98%);
每千克增重成本(元/kg)=[基础饲粮总采食量×基础饲粮成本(3.3元/kg)+水培大麦苗总采食量×水培大麦苗成本(0.616元/kg)]/总增重。
1.4.2 屠宰性能
1.4.3 脏器指数
脏器指数(%)=100×脏器重量/活重。
1.4.4 血清生化指标
1.5 数据统计与分析
2 结果
2.1 水培大麦苗对籽鹅生长性能的影响
表3 水培大麦苗对籽鹅生长性能的影响Table 3 Effects of hydroponic barley seedling on growth performance of Zi geese |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | C | D | |
| 初始体重IBW/g | 1 254.19±132.14 | 1 270.42±138.04 | 1 252.67±127.30 | 1 248.17±153.40 |
| 终末体重FBW/g | 3 020.31±369.51ab | 3 106.56±332.39a | 2 888.44±338.95bc | 2 628.75±440.18c |
| 总增重TG/g | 1 785.56±291.24a | 1 865.04±302.42a | 1 673.38±196.18b | 1 409.81±340.92b |
| 平均日增重ADG(g/d) | 42.51±7.37a | 44.41±6.78a | 39.84±6.04b | 33.57±9.00b |
| 基础饲粮平均日采食量 Basal diet ADFI/(g/d) | 169.17±2.15a | 145.62±2.09b | 123.75±1.23c | 103.40±1.12d |
| 水培大麦苗平均日采食量 Hydroponic barley seedling ADFI/(g/d) | 160.10±21.48c | 202.42±29.23b | 241.37±42.63a | |
| 干物质摄入量 DM intake/(g/d) | 144.30±1.84ab | 148.87±4.92a | 136.73±5.50b | 125.37±7.50c |
| 粗蛋白质摄入量 CP intake/(g/d) | 24.55±0.31a | 24.58±0.74a | 22.31±0.80b | 20.20±1.08c |
| 每千克增重成本 Cost of weight gain per kilogram/(元/kg) | 13.13 | 13.04 | 13.38 | 14.59 |
同行数据肩标无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with no letter or the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 水培大麦苗对籽鹅屠宰性能的影响
表4 水培大麦苗对籽鹅屠宰性能的影响Table 4 Effects of hydroponic barley seedling on slaughter traits of Zi geese% |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | C | D | |
| 屠宰率Carcass rate | 87.35±1.24a | 86.57±2.07ab | 84.11±1.64bc | 83.02±1.43c |
| 半净膛率Half net carcass rate | 80.33±1.50a | 77.54±3.51ab | 74.65±3.85b | 76.45±1.59ab |
| 全净膛率Whole net carcass rate | 71.09±1.40 | 68.10±3.35 | 69.88±4.65 | 67.78±1.07 |
| 腹脂率Abdominal fat rate | 2.53±0.19a | 2.78±0.88a | 2.19±0.29ab | 1.30±0.50b |
| 胸肌率Chest muscle rate | 9.04±0.58ab | 9.25±1.53a | 7.87±1.03ab | 7.40±0.73b |
| 腿肌率Leg muscle rate | 15.95±1.17 | 16.06±1.38 | 15.02±1.13 | 16.03±0.49 |
| 瘦肉率Lean meat rate | 24.99±1.31ab | 25.31±1.57a | 22.89±2.15c | 23.43±1.00bc |
2.3 水培大麦苗对籽鹅脏器指数的影响
表5 水培大麦苗对籽鹅脏器指数的影响Table 5 Effects of hydroponic barley seedling on viscera indexes of Zi geese% |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | C | D | |
| 心脏指数Heart index | 0.71±0.05 | 0.71±0.06 | 0.68±0.07 | 0.63±0.03 |
| 肝脏指数Liver index | 2.25±0.07a | 2.09±0.16ab | 2.03±0.09ab | 1.98±0.18b |
| 腺胃指数Proventriculus index | 0.27±0.02 | 0.25±0.02 | 0.30±0.01 | 0.30±0.05 |
| 肌胃指数Gizzard index | 2.86±0.47b | 3.41±0.34ab | 3.49±0.24ab | 3.83±0.36a |
| 法氏囊指数 Bursa of Fabricius index | 0.06±0.01 | 0.05±0.01 | 0.06±0.01 | 0.06±0.00 |
| 脾脏指数Spleen index | 0.09±0.01 | 0.11±0.04 | 0.12±0.01 | 0.10±0.02 |
| 胸腺指数Thymus index | 0.19±0.04ab | 0.20±0.03ab | 0.22±0.03a | 0.15±0.03b |
2.4 水培大麦苗对籽鹅血清生化指标的影响
表6 水培大麦苗对籽鹅血清生化指标的影响Table 6 Effects of hydroponic barley seedling on serum biochemical indexes of Zi geese |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | C | D | |
| 甘油三酯TG/(mmol/L) | 1.28±0.41ab | 1.46±0.29a | 1.11±0.25b | 0.82±0.28c |
| 总胆固醇TC/(mmol/L) | 3.74±0.19 | 3.81±0.50 | 3.61±0.30 | 3.62±0.44 |
| 葡萄糖GLU/(mmol/L) | 9.90±0.87a | 8.92±1.12bc | 9.34±0.96ab | 8.50±1.44c |
| 总蛋白TP/(g/L) | 51.12±4.11ab | 52.85±4.98a | 49.18±4.04b | 48.00±5.03b |
| 白蛋白ALB/(g/L) | 19.89±4.89a | 20.53±0.99a | 19.09±0.80b | 18.34±1.43b |
| 球蛋白GLB/(g/L) | 31.23±3.71 | 32.32±4.70 | 30.09±3.82 | 29.66±4.51 |
| 白球比A/G | 0.65±0.07 | 0.65±0.08 | 0.64±0.08 | 0.63±0.09 |
| 尿酸UA/(μmol/L) | 180.04±88.15 | 179.54±64.33 | 189.43±95.51 | 175.52±84.67 |
| 总胆红素TB/(μmol/L) | 3.55±1.25b | 4.72±3.28ab | 6.02±2.47a | 5.64±2.34a |
| 谷丙转氨酶ALT/(U/L) | 38.53±10.45a | 35.22±5.42ab | 28.77±5.21c | 31.18±6.19bc |
| 谷草转氨酶AST/(U/L) | 22.24±9.83 | 20.81±8.91 | 17.65±8.78 | 16.93±9.10 |
| 碱性磷酸酶ALP/(U/L) | 1 236.95±323.78 | 1 064.12±288.38 | 1 104.31±300.09 | 1 084.51±301.10 |
| 乳酸脱氢酶LDH/(U/L) | 965.27±312.74 | 860.92±293.47 | 829.31±221.00 | 874.36±295.59 |
| 肌酸激酶CK/(U/L) | 832.65±278.97a | 709.02±201.25ab | 642.93±114.36b | 658.37±174.50b |
| α-淀粉酶α-AMY/(U/L) | 1 693.04±361.05 | 1 716.91±524.64 | 1 603.83±379.47 | 1 691.45±351.82 |
