1 材料与方法
1.1 试验动物与试验设计
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of basal diets (air-dry basis)% |
| 项目 Items | 精粗比 Concentrate to forage ratio | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 40:60 | 70:30 | ||
| 原料 Ingredients | |||
| 豆粕 Soybean meal | 7.00 | 7.00 | |
| 棉籽粕 Cottonseed meal | 5.00 | 4.00 | |
| 玉米 Corn | 10.00 | 37.00 | |
| 喷浆玉米皮 Sprayed corn husk | 4.00 | 7.00 | |
| 玉米胚芽粕 Corn germ meal | 9.00 | 10.00 | |
| 柠条 Caragana korshinskii | 20.00 | 5.00 | |
| 燕麦草 Oat grass | 30.00 | 10.00 | |
| 玉米秸秆 Corn straw | 10.00 | 15.00 | |
| 预混料 Premix1) | 5.00 | 5.00 | |
| 合计 Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | |
| 营养水平 Nutrient levels2) | |||
| 干物质 DM | 91.96 | 93.58 | |
| 粗灰分 Ash | 10.26 | 8.25 | |
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 12.17 | 12.51 | |
| 粗脂肪 EE | 1.44 | 1.78 | |
| 中性洗涤纤维 NDF | 50.33 | 42.06 | |
| 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF | 28.66 | 17.06 | |
| 代谢能 ME/(MJ/kg) | 7.66 | 8.77 | |
| 总能 GE/(MJ/kg) | 16.75 | 16.74 | |
1.2 饲养管理
1.3 测定指标与测定方法
1.3.1 饲粮中常规营养成分含量的测定
1.3.2 生长性能指标测定
1.3.3 粪样、尿样收集与处理
1.3.4 消化代谢指标测定
1.3.5 血清生化指标测定
1.4 数据处理与统计分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 不同精粗比饲粮中添加BC对羔羊生长性能的影响
表2 不同精粗比饲粮中添加BC对羔羊生长性能的影响Table 2 Effects of BC supplementation in different concentrate to forage ratio diets on growth performance of lambs |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | P值 P-value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LD | LD+BC | HD | HD+BC | D | BC | D×BC | ||
| 初重 IBW/kg | 26.80±2.95 | 26.10±1.49 | 26.53±3.25 | 27.18±2.36 | 0.634 | 0.975 | 0.444 | |
| 末重 FBW/kg | 39.44±4.37b | 40.80±3.49ab | 41.64±5.78ab | 44.88±3.63a | 0.040 | 0.128 | 0.528 | |
| 平均日采食量ADFI/(kg/d) | 1.75±0.30 | 1.93±0.31 | 1.68±0.21 | 1.78±0.23 | 0.225 | 0.115 | 0.659 | |
| 平均日增重ADG/(kg/d) | 0.21±0.05b | 0.25±0.04b | 0.27±0.05ab | 0.30±0.05a | 0.006 | 0.018 | 0.776 | |
| 料重比 F/G | 8.42±1.92a | 7.89±1.61ab | 6.71±1.04bc | 5.97±0.55c | 0.001 | 0.181 | 0.819 | |
D:精粗比;BC:凝结芽孢杆菌;D×BC:精粗比与凝结芽孢杆菌的交互作用。同行数据肩标相同字母或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
D: concentrate to forage ratio; BC: Bacillus coagulans; D×BC: the interaction of concentrate to forage ratio and Bacillus coagulans. In the same row, values with no letter or the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 不同精粗比饲粮中添加BC对羔羊养分表观消化率的影响
表3 不同精粗比饲粮中添加BC对羔羊养分表观消化率的影响Table 3 Effects of BC supplementation in different concentrate to forage ratio diets on nutrient apparent digestibility of lambs% |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | P值 P-value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LD | LD+BC | HD | HD+BC | D | BC | D×BC | ||
| 干物质 DM | 52.50±0.44c | 53.29±2.50c | 61.89±0.72b | 64.75±1.71a | 0.001 | 0.039 | 0.213 | |
| 有机物 OM | 54.96±0.65c | 54.93±2.04c | 62.39±0.96b | 65.95±1.77a | 0.001 | 0.033 | 0.031 | |
| 中性洗涤纤维 NDF | 37.49±0.83b | 37.32±3.46b | 38.93±1.72b | 44.77±2.34a | 0.002 | 0.029 | 0.022 | |
| 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF | 27.58±1.68a | 27.43±3.73a | 16.94±1.43b | 23.09±4.14a | 0.001 | 0.069 | 0.057 | |
2.3 不同精粗比饲粮中添加BC对羔羊能量代谢的影响
表4 不同精粗比饲粮中添加BC对羔羊能量代谢的影响Table 4 Effects of BC supplementation in different concentrate to forage ratio diets on energy metabolism of lambs |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | P值 P-value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LD | LD+BC | HD | HD+BC | D | BC | D×BC | ||
| 摄入总能 GE intake/(MJ/d) | 31.05±6.24b | 39.74±3.78a | 36.00±4.91ab | 32.18±5.28ab | 0.620 | 0.361 | 0.031 | |
| 粪能 FE/(MJ/d) | 14.72±2.91b | 18.72±1.79a | 14.27±1.82b | 11.45±2.06b | 0.004 | 0.602 | 0.009 | |
| 尿能 UE/(MJ/d) | 0.94±0.09 | 0.90±0.43 | 0.64±0.15 | 0.88±0.12 | 0.213 | 0.415 | 0.278 | |
| 甲烷能 Eg/(MJ/d) | 2.92±0.60 | 3.50±0.55 | 3.58±0.74 | 3.56±0.43 | 0.242 | 0.352 | 0.331 | |
| 消化能 DE/(MJ/d) | 16.32±3.35b | 21.02±2.50ab | 21.72±3.12a | 20.73±3.31ab | 0.124 | 0.254 | 0.089 | |
| 代谢能 ME/(MJ/d) | 12.47±2.75b | 16.62±2.02a | 17.50±2.33a | 16.28±2.94ab | 0.089 | 0.272 | 0.056 | |
| 总能表观消化率 Apparent digestibility of GE/% | 52.56±0.84c | 52.84±2.56c | 60.31±0.77b | 64.48±1.55a | 0.001 | 0.017 | 0.032 | |
| 总能代谢率 Metabolizability of GE/% | 40.07±0.81b | 41.84±3.37b | 48.67±1.04a | 50.54±2.33a | 0.001 | 0.115 | 0.965 | |
2.4 不同精粗比饲粮中添加BC对羔羊氮代谢的影响
表5 不同精粗比饲粮中添加BC对羔羊氮代谢的影响Table 5 Effects of BC supplementation in different concentrate to forage ratio diets on nitrogen metabolism of lambs |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | P值 P-value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LD | LD+BC | HD | HD+BC | D | BC | D×BC | ||
| 摄入氮 N intake/(g/d) | 36.12±7.26b | 46.23±4.93a | 43.05±5.87ab | 38.47±6.31ab | 0.894 | 0.378 | 0.032 | |
| 粪氮 Fecal N/(g/d) | 10.95±2.40ab | 13.61±1.70a | 11.96±1.60ab | 10.16±1.87b | 0.226 | 0.658 | 0.038 | |
| 尿氮 Urinary N/(g/d) | 16.13±1.66 | 14.19±6.96 | 14.25±4.19 | 16.93±5.50 | 0.866 | 0.884 | 0.371 | |
| 可消化氮 Digestible N/(g/d) | 25.17±4.92b | 32.62±3.15a | 31.09±4.32ab | 28.32±4.74ab | 0.715 | 0.303 | 0.036 | |
| 氮表观消化率 Apparent digestibility of N/% | 69.75±1.40b | 70.57±2.01b | 72.21±0.79ab | 73.60±2.12a | 0.006 | 0.210 | 0.738 | |
| 沉积氮 Retained N/(g/d) | 9.04±4.54c | 18.43±5.35a | 16.84±2.19ab | 11.39±1.55bc | 0.842 | 0.316 | 0.002 | |
| 氮沉积率 N deposition rate/% | 24.07±8.56b | 40.28±12.42a | 39.57±6.19a | 30.59±9.04ab | 0.545 | 0.453 | 0.019 | |
2.5 不同精粗比饲粮中添加BC对羔羊尿嘌呤衍生物和MCP合成量的影响
表6 不同精粗比饲粮中添加BC对羔羊尿嘌呤衍生物和MCP合成量的影响Table 6 Effects of BC supplementation in different concentrate to forage ratio diets on urinary purine derivatives and MCP synthesis amounts of lambs |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | P值 P-value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LD | LD+BC | HD | HD+BC | D | BC | D×BC | ||
| 尿酸 Uric acid/(mmol/d) | 1.97±1.02 | 1.41±0.60 | 0.99±0.15 | 1.19±1.01 | 0.151 | 0.655 | 0.351 | |
| 尿囊素 Allantion/(mmol/d) | 6.33±1.47 | 7.29±3.53 | 10.82±4.65 | 12.06±3.54 | 0.021 | 0.542 | 0.938 | |
| 黄嘌呤+次黄嘌呤 Xanthine+hypoxanthine/ (mmol/d) | 0.67±0.20 | 0.71±0.27 | 0.96±0.39 | 1.07±0.22 | 0.036 | 0.600 | 0.766 | |
| 总嘌呤衍生物 Total PD/(mmol/d) | 8.97±2.60 | 9.40±3.55 | 12.77±5.17 | 14.33±2.88 | 0.036 | 0.600 | 0.767 | |
| 微生物蛋白 MCP/(g/d) | 47.38±14.74 | 49.63±20.26 | 68.43±28.73 | 77.21±15.87 | 0.036 | 0.603 | 0.757 | |
2.6 不同精粗比饲粮中添加BC对羔羊血清生化指标的影响
表7 不同精粗比饲粮中添加BC对羔羊血清生化指标的影响Table 7 Effects of BC supplementation in different concentrate to forage ratio diets on serum biochemical indices of lambs |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | P值 P-value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LD | LD+BC | HD | HD+BC | D | BC | D×BC | ||
| 谷丙转氨酶ALT/(U/L) | 23.43±12.24 | 31.99±8.40 | 21.78±10.17 | 25.19±5.82 | 0.217 | 0.084 | 0.448 | |
| 谷草转氨酶AST/(U/L) | 24.23±9.91 | 23.18±7.93 | 24.06±8.93 | 28.33±9.62 | 0.446 | 0.623 | 0.418 | |
| 总蛋白 TP/(g/L) | 69.26±6.46 | 72.59±7.96 | 72.93±7.69 | 73.38±8.89 | 0.426 | 0.499 | 0.606 | |
| 白蛋白 ALB(g/L) | 47.98±6.40 | 46.09±4.95 | 46.38±5.77 | 44.28±5.35 | 0.400 | 0.326 | 0.958 | |
| 尿素氮UN/(mmol/L) | 5.98±1.12a | 4.61±1.47cb | 4.45±1.01c | 5.78±1.07ab | 0.678 | 0.953 | 0.003 | |
