1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验设计
表1 玉米-杂粕型饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the corn-miscellaneous meal diet (air-dry basis)% |
| 原料 Ingredients | 含量 Content | 营养水平 Nutrient levels3) | 含量 Content | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 玉米 Corn | 56.69 | 代谢能 ME/(MJ/kg) | 11.21 | |
| 豆粕 Soybean meal | 18.71 | 粗蛋白质 CP | 16.18 | |
| 棉籽粕 Cottonseed meal | 5.60 | 钙 Ca | 3.49 | |
| 菜籽粕 Rapeseed meal | 3.11 | 总磷 TP | 0.60 | |
| 小麦麸 Wheat bran | 0.50 | 赖氨酸 Lys | 0.79 | |
| 石粉 Limestone | 8.10 | 蛋氨酸 Met | 0.39 | |
| 油粉 Oil powder1) | 2.50 | 蛋氨酸+胱氨酸 Met+Cys | 0.66 | |
| 预混料 Premix2) | 3.00 | 有效磷 AP | 0.40 | |
| 磷酸氢钙 CaHPO4 | 1.45 | 可消化赖氨酸 DLys | 0.68 | |
| 食盐 NaCl | 0.20 | 可消化蛋氨酸 DMet | 0.35 | |
| DL-蛋氨酸 DL-Met | 0.14 | |||
| 合计 Total | 100.00 |
1)油粉所含能量为26.15 MJ/kg。The energy content of oil powder is 26.15 MJ/kg. 2)预混料为每千克饲粮提供The premix provides the following per kg of the diet:VA 10 000 IU,VD3 3 000 IU,VE 10 mg,VK3 1 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 30 mg,泛酸 pantothenic acid 6.6 mg,叶酸 folic caid 0.75 mg,生物素 biotin 0.1 mg,Fe (as ferrous sulfate) 60 mg,Cu (as copper sulfate) 8 mg,Mn (as manganese sulfate) 60 mg,Zn (as zinc sulfate) 80 mg,I (as potassium sulfate) 0.35 mg,Se (as sodium sulfate) 0.3 mg。 3)粗蛋白质、钙、总磷及氨基酸为实测值,其余为计算值。CP, Ca, TP and amino acids are measured values, while the rest are calculated values. |
1.3 饲养管理
1.4 测定指标及方法
1.4.1 生产性能
1.4.2 蛋品质
1.4.3 肝脏中丙酮酸激酶及磷酸果糖激酶活性
1.4.4 十二指肠、空肠中α-淀粉酶及胰蛋白酶活性
1.4.5 十二指肠、空肠中葡萄糖转运载体mRNA相对表达量
表2 PCR引物信息Table 2 PCR primer information |
| 引物名称 Primer names | 引物序列 Primer sequence (5'—3') | 登录号 Accession number | 片段长度 Fragment length/bp |
|---|---|---|---|
| SGLT1-S | GCTTATGCCAAATGGTCTACGA | NM_001293240.2 | 182 |
| SGLT1-A | AAACCACCATAAATGCCCTTCC | ||
| GLUT2-S | GAGGAAACTGTGACCCGATGAA | NM_207178.2 | 256 |
| GLUT2-A | TTCACCACTCCAACGCCAAT | ||
| β-actin-S | CTGACTGACCGCGTTACTCC | NM_205518.1 | 84 |
| β-actin-A | TTGCACATACCGGAGCCATT |
SGLT1-S、SGLT1-A分别为目的基因钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白-1的上游、下游引物,GLUT2-S和GLUT2-A分别为目的基因葡萄糖转运蛋白-2的上游、下游引物,β-actin-S、β-actin-A分别为参比基因β-肌动蛋白的上游、下游引物。 | |
SGLT1-S and SGLT1-A are the forward and reverse primers of the target gene sodium-glucose cotransporter-1, respectively; GLUT2-S and GLUT2-A are the forward and reverse primers of the target gene glucose transporter-2, respectively; β-actin-S and β-actin-A are the forward and reverse primers of the reference gene β-actin, respectively. |
1.5 数据统计与分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 玉米-杂粕型饲粮中添加复合纤维素酶对蛋鸡生产性能的影响
表3 玉米-杂粕型饲粮中添加复合纤维素酶对蛋鸡生产性能的影响Table 3 Effects of adding complex cellulase to corn-miscellaneous meal diet on performance of laying hens |
| 项目 Items | 复合纤维素酶添加量 Additive amount of complex cellulase/(mg/kg) | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照 Control) | 200 | 400 | 600 | ||
| 产蛋率 Laying rate/% | 89.70±0.88b | 91.05±1.82ab | 94.82±0.27a | 92.74±0.98ab | 0.026 |
| 料蛋比 Feed/egg ratio | 2.36±0.03a | 2.21±0.03ab | 2.15±0.06b | 2.23±0.03ab | 0.020 |
| 平均日采食量 Average daily feed intake/[g/(只·d)] | 125.98±0.95a | 124.93±1.28ab | 121.87±0.58b | 122.09±0.30b | 0.008 |
| 平均蛋重 Average egg weight/g | 63.16±0.73 | 63.47±0.12 | 64.05±0.26 | 63.46±0.33 | 0.530 |
同行数据肩标无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with no letter or the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 玉米-杂粕型饲粮中添加复合纤维素酶对蛋鸡蛋品质的影响
表4 玉米-杂粕型饲粮中添加复合纤维素酶对蛋鸡蛋品质的影响Table 4 Effects of adding complex cellulase to corn-miscellaneous meal diet on egg quality of laying hens |
| 项目 Items | 复合纤维素酶添加量 Additive amount of complex cellulase/(mg/kg) | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照 Control) | 200 | 400 | 600 | ||
| 蛋壳强度 Shell strength/kg | 2.81±0.06 | 2.89±0.06 | 2.92±0.04 | 3.02±0.07 | 0.150 |
| 蛋形指数 Shell index | 1.32±0.01 | 1.30±0.01 | 1.33±0.02 | 1.31±0.02 | 0.570 |
| 蛋壳厚度 Shell thickness/mm | 0.32±0.01 | 0.33±0.01 | 0.34±0.01 | 0.33±0.01 | 0.720 |
| 蛋黄颜色 Yolk color | 5.30±0.49 | 5.38±0.91 | 4.33±0.19 | 4.74±0.16 | 0.610 |
| 蛋白高度 Albumen height/mm | 6.52±0.41 | 6.83±0.56 | 7.03±0.43 | 7.08±0.32 | 0.790 |
| 蛋黄重 Yolk weight/g | 17.08±0.45 | 17.82±0.21 | 18.72±0.78 | 17.93±0.66 | 0.310 |
| 哈氏单位 Haugh unit | 78.38±3.04 | 80.33±3.77 | 82.43±2.64 | 82.15±2.02 | 0.750 |
2.3 玉米-杂粕型饲粮中添加复合纤维素酶对蛋鸡肝脏中糖代谢相关酶活性的影响
表5 玉米-杂粕型饲粮中添加复合纤维素酶对蛋鸡肝脏中糖代谢相关酶活性的影响Table 5 Effects of adding complex cellulase to corn-miscellaneous meal diet on activities of enzymes related to glucose metabolism in liver of laying hensU/g |
| 项目 Items | 复合纤维素酶添加量 Additive amount of complex cellulase/(mg/kg) | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照 Control) | 200 | 400 | 600 | ||
| 丙酮酸激酶 PK | 761.79±76.18c | 821.62±101.50bc | 1 300.39±131.16a | 1 165.81±89.62ab | 0.015 |
| 磷酸果糖激酶 PFK | 226.86±111.80 | 333.74±271.66 | 430.99±278.64 | 372.43±254.34 | 0.940 |
2.4 玉米-杂粕型饲粮中添加复合纤维素酶对蛋鸡内源消化酶活性的影响
表6 玉米-杂粕型饲粮中添加复合纤维素酶对蛋鸡内源消化酶活性的影响Table 6 Effects of adding complex cellulase to corn-miscellaneous meal diet on endogenous digestive enzyme activities of laying hensU/mg prot |
| 项目 Items | 复合纤维素酶添加量 Additive amount of complex cellulase/(mg/kg) | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照 Control) | 200 | 400 | 600 | ||
| 淀粉酶Amylase | |||||
| 十二指肠 Duodenum | 227.85±20.27 | 237.57±27.17 | 278.43±8.44 | 241.26±8.47 | 0.280 |
| 空肠 Jejunum | 239.34±14.65b | 254.72±50.04b | 611.33±15.69a | 299.36±33.10b | 0.040 |
| 胰蛋白酶 Trypsin | |||||
| 十二指肠 Duodenum | 3 578.82±208.96 | 4 746.51±179.25 | 6 673.44±158.16 | 5 062.84±119.78 | 0.216 |
| 空肠 Jejunum | 3 393.40±211.48b | 4 828.21±325.26b | 8 846.29±221.36a | 6 587.19±207.30ab | 0.038 |
2.5 玉米-杂粕型饲粮中添加复合纤维素酶对蛋鸡肠道中葡萄糖转运载体基因表达的影响
图1 玉米-杂粕型饲粮中添加复合纤维素酶对蛋鸡肠道中葡萄糖转运载体基因表达的影响数据柱形标注不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。 Fig.1 Effects of adding complex cellulase to corn-miscellaneous meal diet on expression of glucose transporter genes in intestine of laying hens Value columns with different small letters mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with no letter or the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). |
