1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
表1 复方中草药的营养成分及有效活性成分含量(干物质基础)Table 1 Contents of nutrient components and effective active components of compound Chinese herbs (DM basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 含量 Content | |
|---|---|---|
| 营养成分 Nutrient components | ||
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 9.22 | |
| 粗脂肪 EE | 8.89 | |
| 粗纤维 CF | 24.72 | |
| 粗灰分 Ash | 3.53 | |
| 钙 Ca | 0.78 | |
| 总磷 TP | 0.22 | |
| 有效活性成分 Effective active components | ||
| 水提粗提物 Water crude extract | 24.02 | |
| 总黄酮 Total flavones | 4.74 | |
| 总多糖 Total polysaccharides | 14.37 | |
1.2 试验设计
表2 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 2 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 含量 Content | |
|---|---|---|
| 原料 Ingredients | ||
| 玉米 Corn | 24.95 | |
| 大麦 Barley | 20.00 | |
| 豆粕 Soybean meal | 15.75 | |
| 糙米 Brown rice | 10.00 | |
| 小麦粉 Wheat flour | 2.00 | |
| 米糠(脱脂) Rice bran (defatted) | 7.00 | |
| 甜菜浆 Sugar beet pulp | 6.00 | |
| 啤酒酵母 Brewers’ yeast | 3.50 | |
| 膨化大豆 Puffing soybean | 3.00 | |
| 膨化亚麻籽 Puffing flaxseed | 2.00 | |
| 磷酸氢钙 CaHPO4 | 1.40 | |
| 大豆油 Soybean oil | 0.50 | |
| 碳酸氢钠 NaHCO3 | 0.20 | |
| 沸石粉 Zeolite powder | 0.66 | |
| 食盐 NaCl | 0.54 | |
| 预混料 Premix1) | 2.50 | |
| 合计 Total | 100.00 | |
| 营养水平 Nutrient levels2) | ||
| 消化能 DE/(MJ/kg) | 13.42 | |
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 15.56 | |
| 钙 Ca | 0.89 | |
| 总磷 TP | 0.70 | |
| 赖氨酸 Lys | 0.95 | |
| 蛋氨酸 Met | 0.37 | |
| 蛋氨酸+胱氨酸 Met+Cys | 0.63 | |
| 苏氨酸 Thr | 0.68 | |
| 色氨酸Trp | 0.19 | |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供The premix provided the following per kg of the diet:VA 7 000 IU,VB1 2 mg,VB2 6 mg,VB6 3 mg,VB12 0.03 mg,VD3 1 800 IU,VE 160 IU,生物素 biotin 0.75 mg,叶酸 folic acid 6.8 mg,D-泛酸 D-pantothenic acid 16 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 70 mg,Cu (as copper sulfate) 12.5 mg,Fe (as ferrous sulfate monohydrate) 108.0 mg,Zn (as zinc sulfate) 100 mg,Mn (as manganese sulfate) 64 mg,I (as potassium iodide) 0.40 mg,Se (as sodium selenite) 0.40 mg,Cr (as chromium picolinate) 0.25 mg。 2)粗蛋白质、钙和总磷为实测值,其他营养水平为计算值。CP, Ca and TP were measured values, while the other nutrient levels were calculated values. |
1.3 饲养管理
1.4 样品采集与指标检测
1.4.1 营养成分和有效活性成分
1.4.2 采食量
1.4.3 繁殖性能
平均头产程(min)=总产程/产仔数;
健仔率(%)=(健仔数/产仔数)×100;
死胎率(%)=(死胎数/产仔数)×100。
1.4.4 泌乳量与初乳成分
1.4.5 血清抗氧化和免疫指标
1.5 数据统计与分析
2 结果
2.1 饲粮中添加复方中草药对母猪采食量、泌乳量和繁殖性能的影响
表3 饲粮中添加复方中草药对母猪采食量、泌乳量和繁殖性能的影响Table 3 Effects of dietary compound Chinese herbs on feed intake, milk yield and reproductive performance of sows |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 复方中草药组 Compound Chinese herbs group | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| 产仔数 Number of piglets born/头 | 13.68±0.34 | 13.80±0.24 | 0.773 |
| 活仔数 Number of piglets born alive/头 | 12.76±0.33 | 12.68±0.18 | 0.832 |
| 健仔数 Number of piglets born healthy/头 | 11.92±0.37 | 12.16±0.21 | 0.580 |
| 弱仔数 Number of piglets born weak/头 | 1.04±0.20 | 0.72±0.09 | 0.145 |
| 死胎数 Stillbirth number/头 | 0.84±0.20 | 0.68±0.09 | 0.510 |
| 总产程 Total born process time/min | 315.33±12.03 | 270.76±28.74 | 0.100 |
| 平均头产程 Average born process time/min | 35.43±1.14 | 19.43±0.57 | <0.001 |
| 健仔率 Healthy piglet rate/% | 90.85±1.77 | 96.85±0.80 | 0.003 |
| 死胎率 Stillbirth rate/% | 5.82±1.32 | 4.63±0.93 | 0.466 |
| 初生窝重 Birth litter weight/kg | 17.39±0.84 | 19.06±0.36 | 0.074 |
| 初生个体重 Birth weight of individuals/kg | 1.37±0.03 | 1.49±0.02 | 0.001 |
| 平均日采食量 Average daily feed intake/kg | 4.81±0.09 | 4.84±0.06 | 0.759 |
| 泌乳量 Milk yield/kg | 109.14±7.91 | 144.51±4.69 | <0.001 |
2.2 饲粮中添加复方中草药对母猪初乳成分的影响
表4 饲粮中添加复方中草药对母猪初乳成分的影响Table 4 Effects of dietary compound Chinese herbs on colostrum composition of sows |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 复方中草药组 Compound Chinese herbs group | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| 乳脂率 Milk fat rate/% | 5.07±0.32 | 5.47±0.24 | 0.327 |
| 乳蛋白率 Milk protein rate/% | 16.49±0.39 | 19.00±0.33 | <0.001 |
| 乳糖率 Lactose rate/% | 2.12±0.08 | 3.18±0.09 | <0.001 |
| 非乳脂固体 SNF/% | 19.85±0.29 | 24.54±0.35 | <0.001 |
| 尿素氮 UN/(mg/dL) | 59.46±2.97 | 37.11±1.09 | <0.001 |
2.3 饲粮中添加复方中草药对母猪血清抗氧化指标的影响
表5 饲粮中添加复方中草药对母猪血清抗氧化指标的影响Table 5 Effects of dietary compound Chinese herbs on serum antioxidant indices of sows |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 复方中草药组 Compound Chinese herbs group | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| 丙二醛 MDA/(nmol/mL) | 5.62±0.34 | 4.19±0.54 | 0.038 |
| 总抗氧化能力 T-AOC/(U/mL) | 6.83±1.04 | 9.03±0.85 | 0.121 |
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px/(μmol/mL) | 108.99±8.03 | 142.12±12.90 | 0.046 |
| 总超氧化物歧化酶 T-SOD/(U/mL) | 29.93±0.53 | 39.81±1.63 | <0.001 |
| 过氧化氢酶 CAT/(U/mL) | 12.24±1.22 | 11.93±0.39 | 0.813 |
2.4 饲粮中添加复方中草药对初乳及母仔猪血清免疫指标的影响
表6 饲粮中添加复方中草药对初乳及母仔猪血清免疫指标的影响Table 6 Effects of dietary compound Chinese herbs on immune indices in colostrum and serum of sows and pigletsg/L |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 复方中草药组 Compound Chinese herbs group | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| 母猪血清 Serum of sows | |||
| 免疫球蛋白A IgA | 0.24±0.04 | 0.27±0.02 | 0.501 |
| 免疫球蛋白M IgM | 1.52±0.13 | 1.74±0.06 | 0.145 |
| 免疫球蛋白G IgG | 8.23±0.11 | 8.63±0.09 | 0.009 |
| 初乳 Colostrum | |||
| 免疫球蛋白A IgA | 552.10±15.10 | 596.43±20.30 | 0.097 |
| 免疫球蛋白M IgM | 13.89±0.33 | 14.09±0.43 | 0.721 |
| 免疫球蛋白G IgG | 10.49±0.30 | 11.73±0.46 | 0.037 |
| 仔猪血清 Serum of piglets | |||
| 免疫球蛋白A IgA | 0.06±0.01 | 0.05±0.01 | 0.693 |
| 免疫球蛋白M IgM | 0.55±0.04 | 0.64±0.12 | 0.482 |
| 免疫球蛋白G IgG | 5.64±0.17 | 7.30±0.31 | <0.001 |
2.5 饲粮中添加复方中草药对仔猪生长性能的影响
表7 饲粮中添加复方中草药对仔猪生长性能的影响Table 7 Effects of dietary compound Chinese herbs on growth performance of piglets |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 复方中草药组 Compound Chinese herbs group | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| 哺乳期死亡率 Mortality in lactation/% | 17.42±2.29 | 10.42±1.57 | 0.015 |
| 哺乳期腹泻率 Diarrhea rate in lactation/% | 0.79±0.41 | 0.41±0.23 | 0.450 |
| 断奶窝重 Weaning litter weight/kg | 53.59±2.63 | 67.89±1.72 | <0.001 |
| 断奶个体重 Weaning individual weight/kg | 5.27±0.13 | 5.94±0.10 | <0.001 |
