1 材料与方法
1.1 发酵复方中草药的制备
1.2 试验设计和饲养管理
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(干物质基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (DM basis)% |
| 项目 Items | 含量 Content |
|---|---|
| 原料 Ingredients | |
| 玉米青贮 Corn silage | 31.64 |
| 苜蓿 Alfalfa | 16.36 |
| 羊草 Leymus chinensis | 10.29 |
| 玉米 Corn | 16.00 |
| 麸皮 Wheat bran | 5.07 |
| 豆粕 Soybean meal | 10.18 |
| 脱霉剂 Mould inhibitor | 0.07 |
| 石粉 Limestone | 0.46 |
| 磷酸氢钙 CaHPO4 | 0.71 |
| 食盐 NaCl | 0.29 |
| 小苏打 NaHCO3 | 0.18 |
| 瘤胃舒 Rumen Shu1) | 0.54 |
| 酒糟 Distillers grains | 7.14 |
| 预混料 Premix2) | 1.07 |
| 合计 Total | 100.00 |
| 营养水平 Nutrient levels3) | |
| 产奶净能 NEL/(MJ/kg) | 5.88 |
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 12.30 |
| 中性洗涤纤维 NDF | 40.70 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF | 25.08 |
| 钙 Ca | 0.90 |
| 磷 P | 0.40 |
| 粗脂肪 EE | 2.17 |
1)瘤胃舒原料组成:纤维素酶、木聚糖酶和淀粉酶,载体为酿酒酵母培养物,购自河南省华畜生物科技有限公司。Rumen Shu ingredient composition: cellulase, xylanase and amylase, the carrier was Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture, purchased from Henan Huazhu Biotechnology Co., Ltd.. 2)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kilogram of diet:VA 200 000 IU,VD 50 000 IU,VE 1 000 IU,烟酸 nicotinic acid 1 559 mg,Mg 100 mg,Cu 400 mg,Fe 2 400 mg,Mn 600 mg,Zn 2 100 mg,I 50 mg,Se 20 mg,Co 12 mg。 3)产奶净能是依据中国饲料数据库计算得出,其余营养水平均为实测值。NEL was calculated according to China Feed Database, while the other nutrient levels were measured values. |
1.3 测定指标及方法
1.3.1 饲粮及中草药常规营养成分
1.3.2 中草药活性成分
1.3.3 奶牛血清生化、抗氧化和生殖激素指标
1.4 数据统计分析
2 结果
2.1 益生菌发酵对复方中草药营养成分的影响
表2 益生菌发酵对复方中草药营养成分的影响Table 2 Effects of probiotics fermentation on nutritional components of compound Chinese herbs% |
| 项目 Items | 未发酵复方中草药 Unfermented compound Chinese herbs | 发酵复方中草药 Fermented compound Chinese herbs | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 16.82±0.06B | 17.82±0.03A | 0.004 |
| 粗脂肪 EE | 2.37±0.31 | 1.98±0.88 | 0.721 |
| 粗纤维 CF | 14.08±0.31B | 20.86±0.25A | 0.003 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF | 15.86±0.88 | 18.85±0.14 | 0.078 |
| 中性洗涤纤维 NDF | 30.35±1.29 | 33.49±0.35 | 0.144 |
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),不同大写字母表示差异极显著(P<0.01),相同小写字母或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), and with different capital letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.01), while with the same small letter or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 益生菌发酵对复方中草药活性成分的影响
表3 益生菌发酵对复方中草药活性成分的影响Table 3 Effects of probiotics fermentation on active ingredients of compound Chinese herbs% |
| 项目 Items | 未发酵复方中草药 Unfermented compound Chinese herbs | 发酵复方中草药 Fermented compound Chinese herbs | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| 总多糖 Total polysaccharides | 17.05±0.21B | 20.86±0.49A | <0.001 |
| 总黄酮 Total flavonoids | 0.87±0.01B | 0.92±0.01A | 0.008 |
| 总生物碱 Total alkaloids | 0.61±0.04 | 0.52±0.03 | 0.105 |
| 总多酚 Total phenolics | 1.00±0.01A | 0.77±0.01B | <0.001 |
| 总皂苷 Total saponins | 3.56±0.07B | 4.30±0.07A | <0.001 |
| 总蒽醌 Total anthraquinone | 0.16±0.01 | 0.14±0.02 | 0.428 |
2.3 益生菌发酵复方中草药对奶牛血清生化指标的影响
表4 益生菌发酵复方中草药对奶牛血清生化指标的影响Table 4 Effects of probiotics fermented compound Chinese herbs on serum biochemical indices of dairy cows |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 1%组 1% group | 2%组 2% group | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 总蛋白 TP/(g/L) | 56.59±2.08 | 54.04±2.27 | 57.15±1.57 | 0.512 |
| 白蛋白 ALB/(g/L) | 28.35±0.57ab | 27.18±1.64b | 30.86±0.61a | 0.036 |
| 谷丙转氨酶 ALT/(U/L) | 14.25±0.88 | 16.50±0.91 | 16.88±1.33 | 0.190 |
| 谷草转氨酶 AST/(U/L) | 46.75±1.93a | 40.75±1.35b | 44.25±1.74ab | 0.026 |
| 总胆固醇 TC/(mmol/L) | 2.04±0.17 | 2.23±0.17 | 1.91±0.15 | 0.414 |
| 甘油三酯 TG/(mmol/L) | 0.18±0.02 | 0.14±0.02 | 0.19±0.03 | 0.230 |
| 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 HDL-C/(mmol/L) | 1.22±0.18Ab | 1.77±0.25Aa | 1.02±0.07Bb | 0.002 |
| 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 LDL-C/(mmol/L) | 0.59±0.09 | 0.51±0.10 | 0.46±0.06 | 0.514 |
2.4 益生菌发酵复方中草药对奶牛血清抗氧化指标的影响
表5 益生菌发酵复方中草药对奶牛血清抗氧化指标的影响Table 5 Effects of probiotics fermented compound Chinese herbs on serum antioxidant indices of dairy cows |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 1%组 1% group | 2%组 2% group | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px/(U/mL) | 67.69±5.84b | 84.93±6.31a | 65.53±4.89b | 0.049 |
| 总抗氧化能力 T-AOC/(mmol/L) | 0.42±0.02Bb | 0.48±0.01ABa | 0.53±0.02Aa | <0.001 |
| 过氧化氢酶 CAT/(U/mL) | 1.42±0.18 | 1.02±0.27 | 1.45±0.15 | 0.287 |
| 丙二醛 MDA/(nmol/L) | 1.12±0.11a | 0.82±0.06b | 0.85±0.07b | 0.033 |
2.5 益生菌发酵复方中草药对奶牛血清生殖激素指标的影响
表6 益生菌发酵复方中草药对奶牛血清生殖激素指标的影响Table 6 Effects of probiotics fermented compound Chinese herbs on serum reproductive hormone indices of dairy cows |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 1%组 1% group | 2%组 2% group | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 催乳素 PRL/(μIU/mL) | 109.85±5.81 | 112.64±9.59 | 132.71±9.51 | 0.141 |
| 孕酮 P4/(ng/mL) | 31.14±1.35b | 38.38±1.62a | 37.06±2.41a | 0.026 |
| 雌二醇 E2/(pg/mL) | 142.73±9.52Aa | 87.17±8.09Bb | 111.76±8.05ABb | 0.001 |
| 促卵泡生成素 FSH/(mIU/mL) | 1.69±0.10 | 1.44±0.10 | 1.63±0.09 | 0.168 |
| 促黄体生成素 LH/(mIU/mL) | 4.74±0.41ab | 3.91±0.59b | 5.92±0.51a | 0.035 |
