1 材料与方法
1.1 试验动物
1.2 样本采集
1.3 样本预处理
1.4 色谱和质谱分析
表1 液相色谱流动相条件Table 1 Liquid chromatography mobile phase conditions% |
| 时间 Time/min | A相 Solvent A | B相 Solvent B |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | 98 | 2 |
| 1.5 | 98 | 2 |
| 3.0 | 15 | 85 |
| 10.0 | 0 | 100 |
| 10.1 | 98 | 2 |
| 11.0 | 98 | 2 |
| 12.0 | 98 | 2 |
1.5 数据统计分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 PCA
图1 血浆代谢物主成分分析图Q2表示比赛前,H2表示比赛后。下图同。A为正离子模式下主成分分析图,B为负离子模式下主成分分析图。 Fig.1 Principal component analysis diagram of plasma metabolites Q2 indicates before the competition, H2 indicates after the competition. The same as below. A is PCA diagram in positive ion mode, B is PCA diagram in negative ion mode. |
2.2 PLS-DA
图2 PLS-DA得分散点图及排序验证图R2Y表示模型的解释率,Q2Y表示模型的预测能力。 A:正离子模式下PLS-DA得分散点图;B:正离子模式下PLS-DA排序验证图;C:负离子模式下PLS-DA得分散点图;D:负离子模式下PLS-DA排序验证图。 Fig.2 PLS-DA distribution and sequencing verification diagram R2Y represents the explanatory power of the model, Q2Y represents the predictive power of the model. A: PLS-DA dispersion diagram in positive ion mode; B: PLS-DA sequencing verification diagram in positive ion mode; C: PLS-DA dispersion diagram in negative ion mode; D: PLS-DA sequencing verification diagram in negative ion mode. |
2.3 差异代谢物筛选
表2 血浆差异代谢标志物(正离子模式下)Table 2 Plasma differential metabolic markers (in positive ion mode) |
| 代谢物 Metabolite | 变量投影重要度 VIP | P值 P-value | 差异倍数 FC | 趋势 Trent |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 尿酸 Uric acid | 3.618 2 | <0.000 1 | 0.029 1 | 下调 |
| 萨利麝香 Celestolide | 3.060 8 | <0.000 1 | 6.709 0 | 上调 |
| N6琥珀酰腺苷 N6-succinyl adenosine | 3.084 4 | <0.000 1 | 0.021 6 | 下调 |
| L-亮氨酸-L-丙氨酸 L-leucyl-L-alanine | 3.216 8 | 0.000 1 | 11.717 7 | 上调 |
| 4-吡哆酸 4-pyridoxic acid | 2.754 8 | 0.000 2 | 0.239 8 | 下调 |
| 2,6-二羟基嘌呤 2,6-dihydroxypurine | 2.915 1 | 0.000 7 | 0.094 6 | 下调 |
| 前列腺素 K2 Prostaglandin K2 | 2.452 3 | 0.000 7 | 3.734 6 | 上调 |
| 吲哚-3-丙酮酸 Indole-3-pyruvic acid | 2.287 5 | 0.000 8 | 0.297 2 | 下调 |
| 脲基琥珀酸 Ureidosuccinic acid | 2.240 8 | 0.000 8 | 0.363 6 | 下调 |
| 脱氧胞苷 Deoxycytidine | 2.326 6 | 0.000 9 | 0.265 4 | 下调 |
| 苯丙氨酸-脯氨酸 Phe-Pro | 2.600 5 | 0.001 3 | 2.096 6 | 上调 |
| 四氢可的松 Tetrahydrocortisone | 2.060 0 | 0.001 4 | 0.301 1 | 下调 |
| 脱氧尿嘧啶核苷酸 dUMP | 3.473 4 | 0.001 5 | 0.119 0 | 下调 |
| 胸腺嘧啶 Thymine | 2.155 0 | 0.001 6 | 0.251 3 | 下调 |
| O6-羧甲基-脱氧鸟苷 O6-CM-dG | 2.501 0 | 0.002 4 | 0.109 9 | 下调 |
| 黄嘌呤 Xanthine | 3.255 5 | 0.003 1 | 0.037 1 | 下调 |
| 棕榈酰肉碱 Palmitoylcarnitine | 1.020 0 | 0.003 4 | 0.570 6 | 下调 |
| 坦螺旋霉素 Tanespimycin | 2.232 6 | 0.003 8 | 4.817 0 | 上调 |
| DL-吲哚-3-乳酸 DL-indole-3-lactic acid | 2.061 2 | 0.004 1 | 2.164 7 | 上调 |
| 二甲基酮 DMK | 2.464 8 | 0.004 4 | 0.384 5 | 下调 |
| 曲酸 Kojic acid | 2.985 2 | 0.004 6 | 0.548 9 | 下调 |
| D-苏糖 D-threose | 2.765 5 | 0.004 6 | 0.548 9 | 下调 |
| 皮质酮 Corticosterone | 1.884 3 | 0.005 8 | 0.384 9 | 下调 |
| N-乙酰基-L-鸟氨酸 N-acetyl-L-ornithine | 2.452 1 | 0.008 0 | 2.044 2 | 上调 |
| 异香草酸 Isovanillic acid | 2.012 7 | 0.008 8 | 5.563 5 | 上调 |
| 苯甲酰甲酸 Phenylglyoxylic acid | 2.115 5 | 0.008 9 | 7.379 2 | 上调 |
| L-赖氨酸 L-lysine | 2.050 8 | 0.009 7 | 0.658 3 | 下调 |
| 去氧皮质酮 Desoxycortone | 1.336 9 | 0.010 7 | 0.465 1 | 下调 |
| 肌酸酐 Creatinine | 1.411 0 | 0.012 4 | 0.715 4 | 下调 |
| 皮质醇 Cortisol | 2.364 2 | 0.015 6 | 0.496 2 | 下调 |
| 烟酰胺 Nicotinamide | 2.014 9 | 0.016 5 | 0.564 7 | 上调 |
| 油酸 Oleic acid | 1.397 9 | 0.017 7 | 0.343 6 | 下调 |
| L-鸟氨酸 L-ornithine | 1.046 0 | 0.018 6 | 0.727 6 | 下调 |
| 东莨菪碱 Scopolamine | 1.525 9 | 0.019 0 | 0.588 5 | 下调 |
| 脯氨酸 Proline | 1.042 3 | 0.019 5 | 0.728 4 | 下调 |
| 十一烷二酸 Undecanedioic acid | 1.146 1 | 0.023 0 | 0.339 1 | 下调 |
| 2-苯乙酰胺 2-phenylacetamide | 1.934 7 | 0.023 6 | 0.649 1 | 下调 |
| 5-氨基水杨酸 5-aminosalicylic acid | 1.954 0 | 0.025 0 | 2.011 8 | 上调 |
| 苯丙炔酸 Phenylpropiolic acid | 1.949 4 | 0.025 2 | 0.664 8 | 下调 |
| 硫辛酸 Lipoic acid | 1.596 7 | 0.028 9 | 0.579 3 | 下调 |
表3 血浆差异代谢标志物(负离子模式下)Table 3 Plasma differential metabolic markers (in negative ion mode) |
| 代谢物 Metabolite | 变量投影重要度 VIP | P值 P-value | 差异倍数 FC | 趋势 Trent |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N-乳酰苯丙氨酸 N-lactoyl-phenylalanine | 3.274 1 | <0.000 1 | 0.040 0 | 上调 |
| 乙酰肉碱 Acetylcarnitine | 3.337 5 | <0.000 1 | 0.039 6 | 上调 |
| 2-氨基己二酸 2-aminoadipic acid | 3.142 4 | <0.000 1 | 0.066 3 | 下调 |
| N-乙酰-L-蛋氨酸 N-acetyl-L-methionine | 2.614 2 | <0.000 1 | 0.211 9 | 下调 |
| 黄苷 Xanthosine | 3.082 0 | <0.000 1 | 0.010 7 | 下调 |
| 2'-脱氧尿苷-5-单磷酸 2'-deoxyuridine-5-monophosphate | 2.913 9 | 0.000 1 | 0.102 1 | 下调 |
| 四氢醛甾酮 Tetrahydroaldosterone | 2.153 1 | 0.000 1 | 0.131 3 | 下调 |
| D-(-)-果糖 D-(-)-fructose | 2.912 6 | 0.000 2 | 0.260 6 | 下调 |
| DL-4-羟基苯乳酸 DL-4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid | 2.498 0 | 0.000 2 | 0.221 5 | 下调 |
| 4-羟苯基丙酮酸 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid | 2.449 9 | 0.000 3 | 0.202 4 | 下调 |
| 香兰醇 Vanillyl alcohol | 2.595 6 | 0.000 3 | 0.234 4 | 下调 |
| D-(+)-苹果酸 D-(+)-malic acid | 2.636 0 | 0.000 5 | 0.194 5 | 下调 |
| 2-羟基己酸 2-hydroxycaproic acid | 2.323 3 | 0.000 7 | 0.365 2 | 下调 |
| 3-苯基乳酸 3-phenyllactic acid | 2.864 9 | 0.001 0 | 0.203 0 | 下调 |
| 11-脱氢血氧烷 B2 11-dehydro thromboxane B2 | 2.189 5 | 0.001 6 | 7.104 5 | 上调 |
| 反-十八碳烯酸 Trans-petroselinic acid | 1.881 4 | 0.001 6 | 3.803 2 | 上调 |
| 氨基甲酰磷酸 Aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide | 2.179 3 | 0.002 5 | 0.373 4 | 下调 |
| 双氟拉松 Diflorasone | 2.162 0 | 0.002 5 | 13.792 1 | 上调 |
| 4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基乙二醇-4-硫酸钾盐 4-hydroxy-3- methoxyphenylglycol sulfate | 1.437 1 | 0.003 6 | 0.359 0 | 下调 |
| 尿囊素 Allantoin | 2.195 1 | 0.004 0 | 0.118 6 | 上调 |
| 前列腺素B2 Prostaglandin B2 | 1.573 6 | 0.006 6 | 0.415 3 | 下调 |
| 2-甲氧基雌二醇 2-methoxyestradiol | 2.459 7 | 0.006 7 | 0.377 1 | 下调 |
| (E)-11-二十烯酸 11(E)-eicosenoic acid | 1.447 9 | 0.007 5 | 0.247 5 | 下调 |
| 苏氨酸 Threonic acid | 1.796 8 | 0.009 5 | 0.548 2 | 下调 |
| 泛酸 Pantothenic acid | 1.135 2 | 0.011 5 | 0.614 2 | 下调 |
| (±)19(20)-DiHDPA | 1.842 8 | 0.013 7 | 3.098 7 | 上调 |
| 创伤酸 Traumatic acid | 1.578 8 | 0.015 4 | 2.383 0 | 上调 |
| DL-苹果酸 DL-malic acid | 2.083 8 | 0.017 3 | 0.281 6 | 下调 |
| 马尿酸 Hippuric acid | 1.585 6 | 0.018 9 | 2.502 2 | 上调 |
| D-葡萄糖酸 D-gluconic acid | 2.137 4 | 0.019 1 | 0.459 7 | 下调 |
| 甲羟戊酸 Mevalonic acid | 2.326 0 | 0.019 4 | 0.395 9 | 下调 |
| L-抗坏血酸-2-硫酸二钾 L-ascorbic acid 2-sulfate | 1.356 0 | 0.019 5 | 0.475 9 | 下调 |
| 反式油酸 Elaidic acid | 1.330 2 | 0.020 3 | 0.268 5 | 下调 |
| 3,4-二羟基苯基丙酸 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid | 1.848 1 | 0.021 8 | 0.368 5 | 下调 |
| 牛磺鹅去氧胆酸 Taurochenodeoxycholic acid | 1.973 8 | 0.028 4 | 3.030 1 | 上调 |
| N-乙酰-DL-苯丙氨酸 N-acetyl-DL-phenylalanine | 1.687 2 | 0.036 4 | 0.505 7 | 下调 |
| N-乙酰-L-苯丙氨酸 N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine | 1.687 2 | 0.036 4 | 0.505 7 | 下调 |
| 月桂酸乙酯 Lauric acid ethyl ester | 1.390 9 | 0.038 5 | 0.409 7 | 下调 |
| 十九烷酸 Nonadecanoic acid | 1.027 2 | 0.041 1 | 0.537 2 | 下调 |
| 3-吲哚-乳酸 Indole-3-lactic acid | 1.748 3 | 0.049 8 | 0.169 0 | 下调 |
2.4 差异代谢物聚类分析
图3 差异代谢物聚类热图A:伊犁马2 000 m比赛前后正离子模式差异代谢物聚类热图;B:伊犁马2 000 m比赛前后负离子模式差异代谢物聚类热图。 Fig.3 Differential metabolite clustering heat map A:differential metabolite clustering heat maps of positive ion patterns between the Yili horses before and after the 2 000 m race; B:differential metabolite clustering heat maps of negative ion patterns between the Yili horses before and after the 2 000 m race. |
2.5 差异代谢物富集通路分析
图4 伊犁马2 000 m比赛前后KEGG富集气泡图A:伊犁马2 000 m比赛前后正离子模式KEGG富集气泡图;B:伊犁马2 000 m比赛前后负离子模式KEGG富集气泡图。 Steroid hormone biosynthesis:类固醇激素生物合成;Pyrimidine metabolism:嘧啶代谢;Purine metabolism:嘌呤代谢;Bile secretion:胆汁分泌;Aldosterone synthesis and secretion:醛固酮合成与分泌;2-oxocarboxylic acid metabolism:2-氧代环戊烷羧酸甲酯代谢;Regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes:脂肪细胞中脂肪分解的调节;Prostate cancer:前列腺癌;Prion diseases:朊蛋白病;Primary bile acid biosynthesis:初级胆酸生物合成;Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism:烟酸和烟酰胺代谢;Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction:神经活性配体-受体相互作用;Lysine degradation:赖氨酸降解;Fatty acid biosynthesis:脂肪酸生物合成;D-arginine and D-ornithine metabolism:D-精氨酸和D-鸟氨酸代谢;Cholesterol metabolism:胆固醇代谢;Caffeine metabolism:咖啡因代谢;Biotin metabolism:生物素代谢;Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids:不饱和脂肪酸的生物合成;Aldosterone-regulated sodium reabsorption:醛固酮调节的钠重吸收;Phenylalanine metabolism:苯丙氨酸代谢;Alpha-linolenic acid metabolism:α-亚麻酸代谢;Vitamin digestion and absorption:维生素的消化和吸收;Tyrosine metabolism:酪氨酸代谢;Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis:萜类骨架生物合成;Purine metabolism:嘌呤代谢;Primary bile acid biosynthesis:初级胆酸合成;Pentose phosphate pathway:戊糖磷酸途径;Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis:泛酸盐和辅酶A生物合成;Ferroptosis:铁死亡;Cholesterol metabolism:胆固醇代谢;Carbon metabolism:碳代谢;Caffeine metabolism:咖啡因代谢;Beta-alanine metabolism:β-丙氨酸代谢。 Fig.4 Bubbles of KEGG enrichment in Yili horses before and after the 2 000 m race A:bubble map of positive ion model KEGG enrichment between the Yili horses before and after the 2 000 m race; B:bubble map of negative ion model KEGG enrichment between the Yili horses before and after the 2 000 m race. |
