1 材料与方法
1.1 试验地点
1.2 试验设计及饲养管理
表1 试验饲粮组成及营养水平(干物质基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of basal diets (DM basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 试验Ⅰ组 Trial group Ⅰ | 试验Ⅱ组 Trial group Ⅱ | 试验Ⅲ组 Trial group Ⅲ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | ||||
| 苜蓿Alfalfa | 46.00 | 40.00 | 20.00 | 10.00 |
| 裹包苜蓿青贮Wrapped alfalfa silage | 2.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | |
| 玉米青贮Corn silage | 5.00 | 5.00 | 10.00 | |
| 玉米Corn | 38.00 | 35.00 | 17.00 | 10.00 |
| 玉米秸秆Corn stalk | 7.00 | 30.00 | 35.00 | |
| 亚麻籽饼Linseed cake | 11.00 | 10.00 | 5.00 | 2.00 |
| 麸皮Wheat bran | 5.00 | 15.00 | ||
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 10.00 | 10.00 | ||
| 预混料Premix1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 氯化钠NaCl | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 碳酸氢钠NaHCO3 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 合计Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | ||||
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 11.32 | 10.97 | 9.99 | 9.45 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 13.02 | 12.00 | 11.09 | 10.03 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 43.39 | 46.37 | 46.87 | 40.89 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 19.82 | 19.81 | 18.87 | 20.31 |
| 钙Ca | 0.41 | 0.39 | 0.33 | 0.31 |
| 磷P | 0.26 | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.25 |
1)每千克预混料中含有 One kilogram of premix contained the following:VA 250 000 IU,VE 375 IU,VD3 100 000 IU,Fe 18 750 mg,Cu 875 mg,Zn 3 750 mg,Mn 3 750 mg,Se 125 mg,I 250 mg,Co 50 mg。 | |
2)代谢能根据NY/T 816—2004计算得出,其余为实测值。ME was calculated according to NY/T 816—2004, while the others were measured values. |
1.3 样品采集和指标测定
1.3.1 生长性能
初始体重(g)]/试验天数(d);
采食量(g)/试验天数(d);
平均日增重(g/d)。
1.3.2 氮代谢指标及营养物质表观消化率的测定
每日采食量)/6.25;
每日排粪量)/6.25;
营养物质量-粪中排出该营养物质量)/
食入该营养物质量]×100。
1.3.3 屠宰性能及肉品质的测定
1.4 数据分析
2 结果
2.1 低蛋白质饲粮对滩羊生长性能的影响
表2 低蛋白质饲粮对滩羊生长性能的影响Table 2 Effects of low protein diet on growth performance of Tan sheep |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 试验Ⅰ组 Trial group Ⅰ | 试验Ⅱ组 Trial group Ⅱ | 试验Ⅲ组 Trial group Ⅲ | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 初始体重IBW/kg | 21.58±7.94 | 22.44±5.28 | 21.42±5.43 | 21.93±5.31 | 0.997 |
| 终末体重FBW/kg | 29.03±1.81 | 30.13±7.26 | 28.43±4.37 | 28.87±7.12 | 0.984 |
| 平均日增重ADG/(g/d) | 127.36±2.58a | 128.18±3.42a | 116.84±3.54b | 115.67±1.18b | 0.038 |
| 干物质采食量DMI/(g/d) | 818.93±3.61 | 820.41±2.16 | 818.51±1.37 | 817.23±4.31 | 0.668 |
| 料重比F/G | 6.43±0.41b | 6.41±0.96b | 7.01±0.31a | 7.06±0.74a | 0.046 |
同行数据肩标无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),不同大写字母表示差异极显著(P<0.01)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with no letter or the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), and with different capital letter superscripts mean extremely significant difference (P<0.01). The same as below. |
2.2 低蛋白质饲粮对滩羊消化代谢的影响
2.2.1 低蛋白质饲粮对滩羊营养物质表观消化率的影响
表3 低蛋白质饲粮对滩羊营养物质表观消化率的影响Table 3 Effects of low protein diet on apparent digestibility of nutrients of Tan sheep % |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 试验Ⅰ组 Trial group Ⅰ | 试验Ⅱ组 Trial group Ⅱ | 试验Ⅲ组 Trial group Ⅲ | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 干物质DM | 82.38±3.21 | 81.96±5.43 | 77.21±3.82 | 76.69±4.67 | 0.301 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 43.75±1.98 | 44.59±3.42 | 44.37±2.81 | 43.65±3.47 | 0.974 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 51.98±2.14 | 52.37±2.98 | 51.87±2.64 | 51.28±4.33 | 0.978 |
2.2.2 低蛋白质饲粮对滩羊氮代谢的影响
表4 低蛋白质饲粮对滩羊氮代谢的影响Table 4 Effects of low protein diet on nitrogen metabolism of Tan sheep |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 试验Ⅰ组 Trial group Ⅰ | 试验Ⅱ组 Trial group Ⅱ | 试验Ⅲ组 Trial group Ⅲ | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 进食氮Intake nitrogen/(g/d) | 15.65±0.25a | 14.92±0.65ab | 14.68±0.91bc | 14.31±0.95c | 0.048 |
| 粪氮Fecal nitrogen/(g/d) | 5.61±0.31a | 5.57±0.27b | 5.36±0.59c | 5.36±0.41c | 0.041 |
| 尿氮Urine nitrogen/(g/d) | 5.65±0.43a | 5.33±0.41b | 5.29±0.39b | 5.27±0.96b | 0.045 |
| 粪氮+尿氮 Fecal nitrogen+urine nitrogen/(g/d) | 11.26±0.74 | 10.90±0.68 | 10.65±0.98 | 10.64±0.37 | 0.704 |
| 沉积氮 Retention nitrogen/(g/d) | 3.71±0.25 | 3.73±0.48 | 3.69±0.26 | 3.70±0.31 | 0.999 |
| 氮消化率 Digestibility of nitrogen/% | 61.44±2.39 | 61.85±0.58 | 61.65±0.69 | 61.04±0.42 | 0.883 |
| 氮利用率 Utilization efficiency of nitrogen/% | 25.60±0.48 | 25.86±2.68 | 26.25±0.17 | 25.12±0.67 | 0.796 |
| 氮生物学价值 Biological value of nitrogen/% | 40.94±0.44b | 41.81±1.64a | 41.57±0.54ab | 41.16±0.51ab | 0.046 |
2.3 低蛋白质饲粮对滩羊屠宰性能及肉品质的影响
2.3.1 低蛋白质饲粮对滩羊屠宰性能的影响
表5 低蛋白质饲粮对滩羊屠宰性能的影响Table 5 Effects of low protein diet on slaughter performance of Tan sheep |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 试验Ⅰ组 Trial group Ⅰ | 试验Ⅱ组 Trial group Ⅱ | 试验Ⅲ组 Trial group Ⅲ | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 宰前活重 Live weight before slaughter/kg | 31.28±2.13 | 32.44±2.55 | 28.93±4.37 | 29.87±6.12 | 0.741 |
| 胴体重Carcass weight/kg | 13.86±1.53ab | 13.98±1.45a | 12.37±0.65b | 12.81±0.65ab | 0.047 |
| 头重Head weight/kg | 2.45±0.13 | 2.38±0.21 | 2.42±0.28 | 2.38±0.17 | 0.968 |
| 蹄重Hoof weight/kg | 0.75±0.28 | 0.73±0.24 | 0.72±0.15 | 0.73±0.02 | 0.998 |
| 皮毛重Fur weight/kg | 2.86±0.13a | 2.92±0.15a | 2.68±0.33b | 2.58±0.13b | 0.035 |
| 净肉重Net meat weight/kg | 7.45±0.37a | 7.68±0.42a | 6.78±1.31b | 6.69±1.27b | 0.043 |
| 骨重Bone weight/kg | 2.22±0.17 | 2.27±0.06 | 2.21±0.31 | 2.13±0.28 | 0.897 |
| 胴体脂肪重 Carcass fat weight/kg | 2.45±0.30 | 2.35±0.10 | 2.27±0.10 | 2.23±0.20 | 0.550 |
| 尾部脂肪重Tail fat weight/kg | 0.83±0.17 | 0.86±0.60 | 0.81±0.13 | 0.81±0.10 | 0.997 |
| 眼肌面积Loin eye area/cm2 | 8.66±0.06 | 8.68±0.11 | 8.55±0.11 | 8.37±0.11 | 0.447 |
| GR值GR value/mm | 16.28±0.23 | 16.59±1.21 | 17.01±1.09 | 15.99±0.54 | 0.545 |
| 骨肉比Bone/meat ratio | 0.31±0.05 | 0.30±0.03 | 0.35±0.09 | 0.33±0.18 | 0.349 |
| 屠宰率Dressing percentage/% | 42.21±2.75 | 44.37±0.68 | 40.22±1.02 | 42.40±1.38 | 0.087 |
2.3.2 低蛋白质饲粮对滩羊肉感官品质的影响
表6 低蛋白质饲粮对滩羊肉感官品质的影响Table 6 Effects of low protein diet on sensory quality of mutton for Tan sheep |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 试验Ⅰ组 Trial group Ⅰ | 试验Ⅱ组 Trial group Ⅱ | 试验Ⅲ组 Trial group Ⅲ | P值 P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pH45 min | 6.88±0.04 | 6.67±0.03 | 6.87±0.06 | 6.73±0.06 | 0.427 | |
| 失水率Water loss rate/% | 41.07±0.87 | 39.54±0.37 | 40.68±0.61 | 40.31±0.49 | 0.075 | |
| 滴水损失Drip loss/% | 2.45±0.37a | 2.34±0.13ab | 2.27±0.10ab | 2.13±0.21b | 0.032 | |
| 剪切力Shear force/N | 31.92±2.45 | 30.83±3.97 | 28.37±1.89 | 28.83±2.42 | 0.412 | |
| 熟肉率Cooked meat rate/% | 57.36±2.04 | 57.83±1.41 | 57.08±2.73 | 57.68±2.87 | 0.979 | |
| 肉色 Muscle color | 红度a* | 16.69±0.23 | 16.21±0.25 | 15.93±1.15 | 16.57±1.21 | 0.695 |
| 黄度b* | 6.68±0.46 | 6.66±0.04 | 7.04±0.87 | 7.40±0.71 | 0.442 | |
| 亮度L* | 40.31±0.58a | 40.60±1.69a | 42.48±2.83ab | 44.69±3.76b | 0.037 | |
| 脂肪颜色 Fat color | 红度a* | 3.88±0.37 | 3.82±0.16 | 4.09±0.17 | 3.96±0.38 | 0.701 |
| 黄度b* | 9.39±1.13 | 9.31±0.78 | 8.79±0.57 | 8.82±0.63 | 0.717 | |
| 亮度L* | 82.37±2.34 | 83.58±3.41 | 85.36±2.96 | 82.33±1.96 | 0.519 | |
| 大理石纹评分Marbling score | 3.35±0.31 | 3.43±0.17 | 3.28±0.43 | 3.33±0.67 | 0.979 | |
2.3.3 低蛋白质饲粮对滩羊肉常规营养成分含量的影响
表7 低蛋白质饲粮对滩羊肉常规营养成分含量的影响Table 7 Effects of low protein diet on routine nutritional component contents of mutton for Tan sheep % |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 试验Ⅰ组 Trial group I | 试验Ⅱ组 Trial group Ⅱ | 试验Ⅲ组 Trial group Ⅲ | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 水分Moisture | 76.45±0.41 | 76.53±0.39 | 77.37±0.16 | 77.65±0.19 | 0.656 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 18.77±0.30a | 18.74±0.32a | 17.63±0.15ab | 17.38±0.12b | 0.032 |
| 粗脂肪EE | 3.42±0.42 | 3.35±0.54 | 3.56±0.54 | 3.52±0.55 | 0.956 |
| 粗灰分Ash | 1.38±0.11 | 1.38±0.06 | 1.44±0.05 | 1.45±0.02 | 0.474 |
表中各营养成分含量(除水分含量)均为风干基础。 | |
The contents of all nutritional components (except moisture content) in the table are air-dry basis. |
