1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验设计
1.3 试验饲粮
表1 饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of diets (air-dry basis)% |
| 项目 Items | 陈化稻谷替代比例 Aged rice replacing proportions/% | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照 Control) | 25 | 50 | 100 | |
| 原料 Ingredients | ||||
| 玉米 Corn | 20.00 | 15.00 | 10.00 | |
| 陈化稻谷 Aged rice | 5.00 | 10.00 | 20.00 | |
| 小麦麸 Wheat bran | 23.29 | 24.24 | 25.24 | 27.25 |
| 豆粕 Soybean meal | 8.30 | 8.22 | 8.11 | 7.95 |
| 菜籽粕 Rapeseed meal | 6.80 | 6.80 | 6.80 | 6.80 |
| 稻谷壳 Rice husk | 8.80 | 7.68 | 6.54 | 4.25 |
| 苜蓿草粉 Alfalfa meal | 28.10 | 28.10 | 28.10 | 28.10 |
| 大豆油 Soybean oil | 2.00 | 2.25 | 2.50 | 2.95 |
| 碳酸钙 CaCO3 | 0.70 | 0.70 | 0.70 | 0.80 |
| 磷酸氢钙 CaPHO4 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.30 |
| 氯化钠 NaCl | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 |
| L-赖氨酸盐酸盐 L-Lys·HCl (98.5%) | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.07 |
| DL-蛋氨酸 DL-Met (99%) | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 |
| L-苏氨酸 L-Thr (98.5%) | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.07 |
| 预混料 Premix1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 合计 Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
| 营养水平 Nutrient levels2) | ||||
| 消化能 DE/(MJ/kg) | 10.40 | 10.40 | 10.40 | 10.40 |
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 17.51 | 17.92 | 17.90 | 17.66 |
| 粗纤维 CF | 16.38 | 16.28 | 17.70 | 17.19 |
| 粗脂肪 EE | 5.55 | 5.01 | 6.31 | 6.00 |
| 中性洗涤纤维 NDF | 36.04 | 37.49 | 37.71 | 35.80 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF | 20.67 | 21.96 | 22.47 | 21.29 |
| 酸性洗涤木质素 ADL | 5.23 | 5.03 | 5.25 | 5.11 |
| 钙 Ca | 1.07 | 1.02 | 1.09 | 0.99 |
| 总磷 TP | 0.51 | 0.47 | 0.51 | 0.46 |
| 赖氨酸 Lys | 1.05 | 1.26 | 1.01 | 1.16 |
| 蛋氨酸+胱氨酸 Met+Cys | 0.60 | 0.61 | 0.55 | 0.69 |
| 苏氨酸 Thr | 0.86 | 1.07 | 0.89 | 0.99 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of diets:VA 8 000 IU,VD3 900 IU,VE 21 IU,VK3 3 mg,VB1 3 mg,VB2 7.5 mg,VB6 3 mg,VB12 0.02 mg,生物素 biotin 0.12 mg,叶酸 folic acid 1.5 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 30 mg,D-泛酸 D-pantothenic acid 15 mg,胆碱 choline 300 mg,Cu 12.5 mg,Fe 82 mg,Mn 25 mg,Zn 60 mg,Se 0.1 mg,I 1 mg,Co 0.3 mg。 2)消化能为计算值[9],其余均为实测值。DE was a calculated value[9], while the others were measured values. |
1.4 饲养管理
1.5 样品采集与指标测定
1.5.1 生长性能
1.5.2 肠道形态
1.5.3 养分表观消化率
1.6 数据处理与分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 不同比例陈化稻谷替代玉米对肉兔生长性能的影响
表2 不同比例陈化稻谷替代玉米对肉兔生长性能的影响Table 2 Effects of different proportions of aged rice replacing corn on growth performance of meat rabbits |
| 项目 Items | 陈化稻谷替代比例 Aged rice replacing proportions/% | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照 Control) | 25 | 50 | 100 | ||
| 始重 IBW/g | 870.29±0.38 | 870.67±0.90 | 870.82±1.00 | 870.65±0.43 | 0.425 |
| 末重 FBW/g | 1 967.14±67.35 | 1 919.67±54.99 | 1 918.53±77.80 | 1 941.13±92.66 | 0.431 |
| 平均日采食量 ADFI/g | 87.72±2.39 | 88.03±2.34 | 88.93±2.76 | 89.10±2.55 | 0.549 |
| 平均日增重 ADG/g | 26.12±1.60 | 24.98±1.31 | 24.95±1.84 | 25.49±2.21 | 0.423 |
| 料重比 F/G | 3.37±0.15 | 3.53±0.15 | 3.58±0.20 | 3.51±0.22 | 0.074 |
| 腹泻率 Diarrhea rate/% | 13.33 | 8.33 | 8.33 | 15.00 | 0.546 |
| 死亡率 Mortality rate/% | 10.00 | 8.33 | 10.00 | 13.33 | 0.838 |
同行数据肩标无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with no letter or the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 不同比例陈化稻谷替代玉米对肉兔肠道形态的影响
表3 不同比例陈化稻谷替代玉米对肉兔肠道形态的影响Table 3 Effects of different proportions of aged rice replacing corn on intestinal morphology of meat rabbits |
| 项目 Items | 陈化稻谷替代比例 Aged rice replacing proportions/% | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照 Control) | 25 | 50 | 100 | ||
| 十二指肠 Duodenum | |||||
| 绒毛高度 Villus height/μm | 1 012.15±197.53 | 949.55±64.08 | 937.45±33.71 | 915.20±132.07 | 0.743 |
| 隐窝深度 Crypt depth/μm | 138.13±22.06 | 134.69±15.19 | 136.68±21.23 | 128.81±13.24 | 0.923 |
| 绒隐比 V/C | 7.34±0.93 | 7.10±0.77 | 6.98±1.04 | 7.09±0.49 | 0.941 |
| 空肠 Jejunum | |||||
| 绒毛高度 Villus height/μm | 763.01±173.19 | 807.13±86.71 | 768.85±147.93 | 750.50±129.71 | 0.960 |
| 隐窝深度 Crypt depth/μm | 136.39±12.03 | 142.43±9.06 | 136.50±19.92 | 143.55±24.23 | 0.913 |
| 绒隐比 V/C | 5.55±0.81 | 5.66±0.32 | 5.62±0.43 | 5.33±1.10 | 0.932 |
| 回肠 Ileum | |||||
| 绒毛高度 Villus height/μm | 544.65±48.50 | 568.00±71.74 | 531.90±45.40 | 599.45±26.21 | 0.298 |
| 隐窝深度 Crypt depth/μm | 119.02±10.63 | 121.89±4.19 | 111.14±3.46 | 126.80±16.22 | 0.221 |
| 绒隐比 V/C | 4.60±0.53 | 4.66±0.59 | 4.79±0.43 | 4.79±0.71 | 0.953 |
2.3 不同比例陈化稻谷替代玉米对肉兔养分表观消化率的影响
表4 不同比例陈化稻谷替代玉米对肉兔养分表观消化率的影响Table 4 Effects of different proportions of aged rice replacing corn on nutrient apparent digestibility of meat rabbits% |
| 项目 Items | 陈化稻谷替代比例 Aged rice replacing proportions/% | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照 Control) | 25 | 50 | 100 | ||
| 干物质 DM | 64.01±2.64a | 62.50±1.79ab | 62.06±2.65ab | 60.54±1.36b | 0.011 |
| 总能 GE | 66.60±2.51a | 65.21±1.95ab | 65.19±1.78ab | 63.36±1.50b | 0.009 |
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 75.99±2.54a | 77.41±1.51a | 76.88±1.88a | 73.96±1.40b | 0.001 |
| 粗脂肪 EE | 86.55±2.28a | 84.09±3.03ab | 82.41±1.92b | 81.53±4.29b | 0.003 |
| 粗灰分 Ash | 50.61±4.03 | 52.81±2.29 | 52.69±3.19 | 50.09±1.79 | 0.098 |
| 粗纤维 CF | 20.02±5.90 | 15.08±3.92 | 21.20±6.83 | 16.84±3.31 | 0.063 |
| 中性洗涤纤维 NDF | 37.19±5.33a | 34.85±4.05a | 35.40±4.69a | 30.65±3.28b | 0.016 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF | 28.41±4.51a | 27.42±4.36a | 27.70±3.05a | 23.25±3.09b | 0.020 |
| 酸性洗涤木质素 ADL | 24.76±2.73a | 22.37±3.69a | 23.41±3.30a | 16.98±2.35b | <0.001 |
| 钙 Ca | 58.99±2.26 | 60.75±2.48 | 61.98±3.80 | 58.94±3.65 | 0.102 |
| 总磷 TP | 54.68±7.04 | 51.27±4.09 | 55.33±6.26 | 49.92±3.99 | 0.098 |
