1 APS的结构及其提取方法
表1 黄芪多糖的提取方法Table 1 Extraction methods of Astragalus polysaccharides |
| 提取方法 Extraction methods | 最佳工艺 Optimal process | 提取率 Extraction rate/% | 参考文献 References |
|---|---|---|---|
| 热水提取法 Hot water extraction method | 料液比1∶25(g/mL), 时间61 min,温度75 ℃ | 10.97 | [4] |
| 冷水提取法 Cold water extraction method | 料液比1∶30(g/mL), 时间180 min,温度4 ℃ | 5.15 | [5] |
| 酶辅助提取法 Enzyme-assisted extraction method | 加酶量3%,处理时间3.44 h, 温度56.9 ℃、pH=7.8 | 29.96 | [6] |
| 超声辅助提取法 Ultrasonic-assisted extraction method | 料液比1∶15(g/mL), 温度80 ℃,pH=9,超声时间20 min | 9.08 | [7] |
| 负压均质空化辅助提取法 Homogenization-assisted negative pressure cavitation extraction method | 料液比1∶13.4(g/mL),均质时间70 s, 负压0.068 MPa,温度64.8 ℃,时间53 min | 16.74 | [8] |
| 微生物发酵提取法 Microbial fermentation extraction method | 料液比1∶10(g/mL),发酵时间120 h, 发酵温度34.5 ℃,接种量8% | 22.16 | [9] |
2 APS的生物学功能
2.1 免疫调节作用
图1 黄芪多糖调节免疫、抗炎和抗氧化作用机制TLR4:Toll样受体4 Toll-like receptor 4;TRIF:Toll样受体相关干扰素激活因子 TIR-domain-containing adaptor inducing interferon-β;Myd88:髓样分化因子88 myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88;IKK:kappa B抑制因子激酶 inhibitor of kappa B kinase;Keap1:Kelch样ECH相关蛋白1 recombinant Kelch like ECH associated protein 1;sMaf:small Maf转录因子 small Maf transcription factor;JNK:c-Jun氨基末端激酶 c-Jun N-terminal kinase;iNOs:诱导型一氧化氮合成酶 inducible nitric oxide synthase;HO-1:血红素加氧酶-1 heme oxygenase-1;TNF-α:肿瘤坏死因子-α tumor necrosis factor-α;IL-6:白细胞介素-6 interleukin-6;ROS:活性氧 reactive oxygen species。 Fig.1 Mechanism of Astragalus polysaccharides regulating immunity, anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation[20,28,35] |
