1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料和地点
1.2 试验设计
1.3 试验饲粮
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目Items | 含量Content |
|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |
| 玉米Maize | 63.06 |
| 麦麸Wheat bran | 2.00 |
| 大豆油Soybean oil | 0.40 |
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 17.00 |
| 玉米干酒糟及其可溶物Corn DDGS | 7.75 |
| 赖氨酸硫酸盐Lysine·H2SO4 (70%) | 0.24 |
| 色氨酸Tryptophan | 0.01 |
| 蛋氨酸Methionine | 0.15 |
| 一水磷酸氢钙CaHPO4·H2O | 1.66 |
| 石粉Limestone | 3.38 |
| 颗粒钙Granular calcium | 3.50 |
| 氯化胆碱Choline chloride | 0.10 |
| 植酸酶Phytase | 0.01 |
| 矿物质预混料Mineral premix1) | 0.10 |
| 复合维生素预混料Multi-vitamin premix2) | 0.04 |
| 食盐NaCl | 0.17 |
| 小苏打NaHCO3 | 0.23 |
| 防霉剂Mold inhibitor | 0.20 |
| 合计Total | 100.00 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels3) | |
| 干物质DM | 88.88 |
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 11.09 |
| 总能GE/(MJ/kg) | 15.38 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 16.97 |
| 粗脂肪EE | 3.43 |
| 钙Ca | 3.07 |
| 磷P | 1.43 |
| 钠Na | 0.17 |
| 氯Cl | 0.17 |
| 真可利用赖氨酸TD-lysine | 0.83 |
| 真可利用蛋氨酸TD-methionine | 0.41 |
| 真可利用苏氨酸TD-threonine | 0.57 |
| 真可利用色氨酸TD-tryptophan | 0.17 |
1)矿物质预混料为每千克饲粮提供The mineral premix provided the following per kg of the diet:Cu (as copper sulfate) 10 mg,Fe (as ferrous sulfate) 96 mg,Mn (as manganese sulfate) 50 mg,Zn (as zinc sulfate) 74 mg,I (as potassium iodide) 0.8 mg,Se (as sodium selenite) 0.3 mg。 2)复合维生素预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The multi-vitamin premix provided the following per kg of the diet: VA 10 000 IU,VD3 2 000 IU,VE 70 mg,VK3 2 mg, VB1 3.13 mg,VB2 7.0 mg,VB3 31.7 mg,VB5 19.6 mg,VB6 3.2 mg,VB7 0.64 mg,VB9 1.9 mg,VB12 0.04 mg。 3)干物质、总能、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、钙和磷为实测值,其余营养水平根据原料组成和《中国饲料成分及营养价值表(2017年第28版)》中数据计算得出。DM, GE, CP, EE, Ca and P were measured values, while the other nutrient levels were calculated based on the composition of raw materials and Tables of Feed Composition and Nutritive Values in China (28th edition, 2017). |
1.4 饲养管理
1.5 测定指标及方法
1.5.1 产蛋性能
1.5.2 孵化性能
1.5.3 蛋品质
1.5.4 血液指标的测定
1.6 养分表观代谢率
1.7 数据处理与分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 姜黄素对贵州黄鸡种鸡产蛋和孵化性能的影响
表2 姜黄素对贵州黄鸡种鸡产蛋和孵化性能的影响Table 2 Effects of curcumin on laying and hatching performance of Guizhou yellow-feather breeders |
| 项目 Items | 姜黄素添加量Curcumin additive amount/(mg/kg) | P值 P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照Control) | 200 | 400 | ||
| 产蛋率Laying rate/% | 43.03±6.88Bb | 47.25±5.69Aa | 43.14±5.98Bb | <0.001 |
| 日均采食量ADFI/(g/d) | 118.24±11.25Aa | 103.06±10.21Bb | 101.65±9.99Bb | <0.001 |
| 蛋重Egg weight/(g/枚) | 51.56±1.14 | 52.15±0.83 | 51.87±0.83 | 0.146 |
| 料蛋比F/E | 5.05±0.74 | 4.78±0.56 | 5.16±0.79 | 0.084 |
| 受精率Fertility/% | 92.22±1.92 | 96.67±1.67 | 96.11±2.55 | 0.076 |
| 受精蛋孵化率Hatchability of fertile eggs/% | 86.73±2.23 | 87.31±1.72 | 86.19±1.84 | 0.788 |
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),不同大写字母表示差异极显著(P<0.01)。下表同。 | |
Values within a row with different lowercase letters mean differ significantly (P<0.05), and with different uppercase letters mean differ extremely significantly (P<0.01). The same as below. |
2.2 姜黄素对贵州黄鸡种鸡蛋品质的影响
表3 姜黄素对贵州黄鸡种鸡蛋品质的影响Table 3 Effects of curcumin on egg quality of Guizhou yellow-feather breeders |
| 项目 Items | 姜黄素添加量Curcumin additive amount/(mg/kg) | P值 P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照Control) | 200 | 400 | ||
| 蛋黄比例Egg yolk ratio/% | 30.0±0.3 | 30.2±0.3 | 29.7±0.9 | 0.449 |
| 蛋黄颜色Yolk color | 9.17±0.29 | 9.17±0.29 | 9.45±0.36 | 0.071 |
| 蛋白高度Albumen height/mm | 5.33±0.13 | 5.46±0.87 | 5.45±0.19 | 0.182 |
| 哈夫单位Haugh unit | 73.57±1.28 | 74.75±0.77 | 74.10±1.58 | 0.185 |
| 蛋形指数Egg shape index | 1.33±0.01 | 1.34±0.01 | 1.33±0.01 | 0.111 |
| 蛋壳强度Egg shell strength/(kg/cm2) | 3.74±0.36 | 3.75±0.09 | 3.79±0.24 | 0.982 |
| 蛋壳厚度Eggshell thickness/mm | 0.299±0.006 | 0.300±0.004 | 0.306±0.003 | 0.052 |
2.3 姜黄素对贵州黄鸡种鸡养分表观代谢率的影响
表4 姜黄素对贵州黄鸡种鸡养分表观代谢率的影响Table 4 Effects of curcumin on nutrient apparent metabolic rates of Guizhou yellow-feather breeders % |
| 项目 Items | 姜黄素添加量Curcumin additive amount/(mg/kg) | P值 P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照Control) | 200 | 400 | ||
| 总能GE | 86.16±0.73 | 87.25±0.83 | 86.69±0.54 | 0.150 |
| 干物质DM | 79.80±0.76 | 80.02±0.81 | 81.37±1.12 | 0.077 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 54.93±2.91b | 60.11±1.80a | 58.46±2.17ab | 0.033 |
| 粗脂肪EE | 87.55±2.81 | 90.44±1.79 | 88.59±3.79 | 0.404 |
| 钙Ca | 38.02±2.09b | 45.02±4.37a | 43.51±3.42a | 0.042 |
| 磷P | 44.09±2.28 | 49.20±2.86 | 47.60±3.10 | 0.073 |
2.4 姜黄素对贵州黄鸡血浆代谢指标与血清肝脏功能指标的影响
表5 姜黄素对贵州黄鸡血浆代谢指标与血清肝脏功能指标的影响Table 5 Effects of curcumin on plasma metabolism indexes and serum liver function indexes of Guizhou yellow-feather breeders |
| 项目 Items | 姜黄素添加量Curcumin additive amount/(mg/kg) | P值 P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照Control) | 200 | 400 | ||
| 血浆代谢指标Plasma metabolism indexes | ||||
| 葡萄糖GLU/(mmol/L) | 20.67±1.16 | 20.62±3.10 | 23.30±2.54 | 0.122 |
| 甘油三酯TG/(mmol/L) | 13.13±3.89 | 10.54±1.57 | 12.81±4.27 | 0.561 |
| 尿酸UA/(μmol/L) | 298.30±54.69Aa | 111.23±5.06Bb | 240.16±58.14Aa | 0.007 |
| 血清肝脏功能指标Serum liver function indexes/(U/mL) | ||||
| 谷草转氨酶AST | 5.32±0.00 | 5.48±1.35 | 5.61±0.52 | 0.916 |
| 谷丙转氨酶ALT | 5.37±1.36 | 5.04±0.92 | 5.84±0.04 | 0.608 |
2.5 姜黄素对贵州黄鸡血清抗氧化、抗炎症及免疫指标的影响
表6 姜黄素对贵州黄鸡血清抗氧化、抗炎症及免疫指标的影响Table 6 Effects of curcumin on serum antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immune indexes of Guizhou yellow-feather breeders |
| 项目 Items | 姜黄素添加量Curcumin additive amount/(mg/kg) | P值 P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照Control) | 200 | 400 | ||
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶GSH-Px/(U/mL) | 53.41±2.44 | 58.63±7.21 | 56.31±10.45 | 0.706 |
| 超氧化物歧化酶SOD/(U/mL) | 9.30±0.45 | 9.50±0.44 | 9.19±0.44 | 0.708 |
| 丙二醛MDA/(nmol/mL) | 3.15±0.63a | 1.45±0.27b | 3.26±0.79a | 0.018 |
| 白细胞介素-1β IL-1β/(pg/mL) | 87.91±3.37Aa | 80.70±0.81Bb | 92.13±2.15Aa | 0.003 |
| 白细胞介素-6 IL-6/(pg/mL) | 4.60±0.10 | 4.71±0.77 | 4.54±0.20 | 0.900 |
| 肿瘤坏死因子-α TNF-α/(pg/mL) | 12.46±0.70 | 11.58±1.27 | 12.96±0.11 | 0.204 |
| 免疫球蛋白Y IgY/(μg/mL) | 317.79±28.13 | 318.63±40.00 | 279.88±27.59 | 0.317 |
| 免疫球蛋白A IgA/(μg/mL) | 47.46±0.68 | 49.13±2.96 | 45.62±1.15 | 0.151 |
| 免疫球蛋白M IgM/(μg/mL) | 72.59±2.65a | 59.94±1.18b | 79.16±1.30a | 0.023 |
