1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
表1 原料营养成分含量Table 1 Nutrient contents of raw material |
| 项目 Item | 干物质 DM/ % FM | 粗蛋白质 CP/ % DM | 中性洗涤纤维 NDF/ % DM | 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF/ % DM | 粗脂肪 EE/ % DM | 可溶性碳水化合物 WSC/ % DM | 辣椒素 Capsaicin/ (μg/g) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 辣椒秸秆 Pepper straw | 26.32±0.31 | 15.90±0.11 | 34.97±1.31 | 29.30±0.91 | 2.90±0.37 | 9.57±0.12 | 82.29±0.14 |
1.2 试验设计
表2 辣椒秸秆青贮试验设计Table 2 Design of pepper straw silage experiment |
| 水分含量 Moisture content/% | 添加剂及添加量(鲜重基础) Additives and addition amount(FM basis) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照 Control (C) | 枯草芽孢杆菌 Bacillus subtilis (1.0×106 CFU/g) (B) | 枯草芽孢杆菌+纤维素酶 Bacillus subtilis+cellulase (1.0×106 CFU/g+3 000 U/kg) (BC) | 枯草芽孢杆菌+糖蜜 Bacillus subtilis+molasses (1.0×106 CFU/g+4%) (BM) | |
| 73 (H) | HC | HB | HBC | HBM |
| 65 (M) | MC | MB | MBC | MBM |
| 55 (L) | LC | LB | LBC | LBM |
1.3 测定指标与方法
1.3.1 营养成分测定
1.3.2 发酵品质测定
1.3.3 相对饲用价值(RFV)计算
1.3.4 综合价值评价
1.4 体外产气试验
1.4.1 瘤胃液的采集
1.4.2 混合培养液配制方法
1.4.3 试验方法
1.4.4 体外试验测定指标和方法
1.5 统计分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 辣椒秸秆青贮品质
表3 水分含量和添加剂对辣椒秸秆青贮品质的影响Table 3 Effects of moisture content and additives on quality of pepper straw silage |
| 项目 Items | 添加剂 Additives | 水分含量Moisture content | 平均值 Average | SEM | P值P-value | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H | M | L | 水分含量 Moisture content | 添加剂 Additive | 水分含量× 添加剂 Moisture content× additive | ||||||||||||||
| pH | C | 4.65a | 4.27a | 4.22a | 4.38 | 0.15 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
| B | 4.17b | 4.15ab | 4.17ab | 4.16 | |||||||||||||||
| BC | 4.14b | 4.12b | 4.16ab | 4.14 | |||||||||||||||
| BM | 4.13b | 4.11b | 4.14b | 4.13 | |||||||||||||||
| 平均值Average | 4.27 | 4.16 | 4.17 | ||||||||||||||||
| 乳酸 LA/% DM | C | 1.71c | 2.10c | 3.23b | 2.35 | 0.97 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
| B | 2.51b | 3.69b | 3.12b | 3.11 | |||||||||||||||
| BC | 2.52b | 4.68a | 3.99a | 3.73 | |||||||||||||||
| BM | 2.71a | 4.77a | 4.01a | 3.83 | |||||||||||||||
| 平均值Average | 2.36 | 3.81 | 3.59 | ||||||||||||||||
| 乙酸 AA/% DM | C | 0.60b | 0.64ab | 0.64b | 0.63 | 0.04 | 0.009 | 0.027 | 0.039 | ||||||||||
| B | 0.62ab | 0.65a | 0.67ab | 0.65 | |||||||||||||||
| BC | 0.65a | 0.61ab | 0.71a | 0.66 | |||||||||||||||
| BM | 0.61ab | 0.59b | 0.66ab | 0.62 | |||||||||||||||
| 平均值Average | 0.62 | 0.62 | 0.67 | ||||||||||||||||
| 丙酸 PA/% DM | C | 0.18a | 0.10a | 0.12a | 0.13 | 0.04 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.238 | ||||||||||
| B | 0.08b | 0.06b | 0.07ab | 0.07 | |||||||||||||||
| BC | 0.06b | 0.05b | 0.06b | 0.06 | |||||||||||||||
| BM | 0.06b | 0.04b | 0.06b | 0.05 | |||||||||||||||
| 平均值Average | 0.10 | 0.06 | 0.08 | ||||||||||||||||
| 丁酸 BA/% DM | C | 0.11 | ND | ND | 0.11 | ||||||||||||||
| B | ND | ND | ND | ||||||||||||||||
| BC | ND | ND | ND | ||||||||||||||||
| BM | ND | ND | ND | ||||||||||||||||
| 平均值Average | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||||||||||||||
| 氨态氮/总氮 NH3-N/TN | C | 11.90a | 9.92a | 9.92a | 10.58 | 3.10 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
| B | 5.11c | 3.74b | 4.01b | 4.29 | |||||||||||||||
| BC | 5.42b | 3.12c | 3.66c | 4.07 | |||||||||||||||
| BM | 4.23d | 2.57d | 3.06d | 3.29 | |||||||||||||||
| 平均值Average | 6.67 | 4.84 | 5.16 | ||||||||||||||||
同一水分含量不同添加剂处理间不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。“ND”表示未检测到。表4同。H、M和L代表辣椒秸秆水分含量分别为73%、65%和55%。C:对照(无添加剂);B:枯草芽孢杆菌(1.0×106 CFU/g);BC:枯草芽孢杆菌+纤维素酶(1.0×106 CFU/g+3 000 U/kg);BM:枯草芽孢杆菌+糖蜜(1.0×106 CFU/g+4%)。下同。 | |
In the same moisture content, values with different lowercase letter superscripts among different additive treatments indicated significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same or no letter superscripts indicated no significant difference (P>0.05). “ND” mean none detected. The same as Table 4. H, M and L represented that the moisture contents of pepper straw were 73%, 65% and 55%, respectively. C: control (no additives); B: Bacillus subtilis (1.0×106 CFU/g); BC: Bacillus subtilis+cellulase (1.0×106 CFU/g+3 000 U/kg); BM: Bacillus subtilis+molasses (1.0×106 CFU/g+4%). The same as below. |
2.2 辣椒秸秆青贮营养成分和RFV
表4 水分含量和添加剂对辣椒秸秆青贮营养成分和RFV影响Table 4 Effects of moisture content and additives on nutritional components and RFV of pepper straw silage |
| 项目 Items | 添加剂 Additives | 水分含量Moisture content | 平均值 Average | SEM | P值P-value | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H | M | L | 水分含量 Moisture content | 添加剂 Additive | 水分含量× 添加剂 Moisture content× additive | ||||||||||||||
| 干物质 DM/% FM | C | 25.91a | 37.52c | 38.11d | 33.85 | 6.23 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
| B | 25.19b | 37.71b | 38.33c | 33.74 | |||||||||||||||
| BC | 25.16b | 37.81b | 39.08b | 34.02 | |||||||||||||||
| BM | 25.36b | 38.06a | 39.61a | 34.34 | |||||||||||||||
| 平均值Average | 25.41 | 37.78 | 38.78 | ||||||||||||||||
| 粗蛋白质 CP/% DM | C | 13.22c | 13.97c | 13.51c | 13.57 | 0.76 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.143 | ||||||||||
| B | 14.57b | 15.17b | 14.77b | 14.84 | |||||||||||||||
| BC | 15.06a | 15.46ab | 15.12a | 15.21 | |||||||||||||||
| BM | 15.11a | 15.66a | 15.23a | 15.33 | |||||||||||||||
| 平均值Average | 14.49 | 15.07 | 14.66 | ||||||||||||||||
| 中性洗涤纤维 NDF/% DM | C | 35.48a | 35.21a | 35.91a | 35.53 | 2.15 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
| B | 32.65b | 32.10b | 32.37b | 32.37 | |||||||||||||||
| BC | 30.28d | 29.77d | 30.12d | 30.06 | |||||||||||||||
| BM | 31.42c | 30.55c | 30.72c | 30.90 | |||||||||||||||
| 平均值Average | 32.46 | 31.91 | 32.28 | ||||||||||||||||
| 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF/% DM | C | 29.09a | 29.14a | 29.33a | 29.19 | 1.47 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
| B | 26.44b | 26.12b | 26.47b | 26.34 | |||||||||||||||
| BC | 25.61d | 25.21c | 25.44d | 25.42 | |||||||||||||||
| BM | 26.23c | 26.02b | 26.17c | 26.14 | |||||||||||||||
| 平均值Average | 26.84 | 26.62 | 26.85 | ||||||||||||||||
| 可溶性碳 水化合物 WSC/% DM | C | 3.12d | 4.84c | 4.44c | 4.13 | 0.60 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
| B | 4.17c | 5.12b | 4.66b | 4.65 | |||||||||||||||
| BC | 4.66b | 5.19ab | 5.14a | 5.00 | |||||||||||||||
| BM | 4.79a | 5.33a | 5.21a | 5.11 | |||||||||||||||
| 平均值Average | 4.19 | 5.12 | 4.86 | ||||||||||||||||
| 粗脂肪 EE/% DM | C | 2.41 | 2.52d | 2.48 | 2.47 | 0.21 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
| B | 2.44 | 2.73c | 2.52 | 2.56 | |||||||||||||||
| BC | 2.49 | 2.88b | 2.46 | 2.61 | |||||||||||||||
| BM | 2.51 | 3.09a | 2.59 | 2.73 | |||||||||||||||
| 平均值Average | 2.46 | 2.81 | 2.51 | ||||||||||||||||
| 辣椒素 Capsaicin/(μg/g) | C | 53.39d | 61.99c | 60.21d | 58.53 | 3.95 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
| B | 54.69b | 63.21b | 63.79a | 60.56 | |||||||||||||||
| BC | 57.16a | 64.51a | 62.31b | 61.33 | |||||||||||||||
| BM | 54.31c | 63.27b | 61.29c | 59.62 | |||||||||||||||
| 平均值Average | 54.89 | 63.25 | 61.90 | 60.01 | |||||||||||||||
| 相对饲用价值 RFV | C | 173.70c | 174.90c | 171.13c | 173.24 | 16.13 | 0.087 | <0.001 | 0.106 | ||||||||||
| B | 194.60b | 198.66b | 196.22b | 196.49 | |||||||||||||||
| BC | 211.82a | 216.42a | 213.36a | 213.87 | |||||||||||||||
| BM | 202.71ab | 208.98ab | 207.47ab | 206.38 | |||||||||||||||
| 平均值Average | 195.71 | 199.74 | 197.04 | ||||||||||||||||
2.3 辣椒秸秆青贮综合价值评价
表5 不同水分含量和添加剂对辣椒秸秆青贮效果的综合价值评价Table 5 Comprehensive value evaluation of different moisture content and additives on effect of pepper straw silage |
| 项目 Items | 处理Treatments | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HC | HB | HBC | HBM | MC | MB | MBC | MBM | LC | LB | LBC | LBM | |
| 干物质DM/% FM | 0.05 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.86 | 0.87 | 0.88 | 0.89 | 0.90 | 0.91 | 0.96 | 1.00 |
| 粗蛋白质CP/% DM | 0.00 | 0.55 | 0.75 | 0.77 | 0.31 | 0.80 | 0.92 | 1.00 | 0.12 | 0.64 | 0.78 | 0.82 |
| 可溶性碳水化合物WSC/% DM | 0.00 | 0.48 | 0.70 | 0.76 | 0.78 | 0.90 | 0.94 | 1.00 | 0.60 | 0.70 | 0.91 | 0.95 |
| 相对饲用价值RFV | 0.06 | 0.52 | 0.90 | 0.70 | 0.08 | 0.61 | 1.00 | 0.84 | 0.00 | 0.55 | 0.93 | 0.80 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF/% DM | 0.07 | 0.53 | 0.92 | 0.73 | 0.11 | 0.62 | 1.00 | 0.87 | 0.00 | 0.58 | 0.94 | 0.85 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF/% DM | 0.06 | 0.70 | 0.90 | 0.75 | 0.05 | 0.78 | 1.00 | 0.80 | 0.00 | 0.69 | 0.94 | 0.77 |
| pH | 0.00 | 0.89 | 0.94 | 0.96 | 0.70 | 0.93 | 0.98 | 1.00 | 0.80 | 0.89 | 0.91 | 0.94 |
| 乳酸LA/% FM | 0.00 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.33 | 0.13 | 0.65 | 0.97 | 1.00 | 0.50 | 0.46 | 0.75 | 0.75 |
| 乙酸AA/% FM | 0.92 | 0.75 | 0.50 | 0.83 | 0.58 | 0.50 | 0.83 | 1.00 | 0.58 | 0.33 | 0.00 | 0.42 |
| 丙酸PA/% FM | 0.00 | 0.71 | 0.86 | 0.86 | 0.57 | 0.86 | 0.93 | 1.00 | 0.43 | 0.79 | 0.86 | 0.86 |
| 丁酸BA/% FM | 0.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 氨态氮/总氮NH3-N/TN | 0.00 | 0.71 | 0.68 | 0.81 | 0.17 | 0.87 | 0.94 | 1.00 | 0.17 | 0.84 | 0.88 | 0.94 |
| 总隶属度Total membership | 1.15 | 7.11 | 8.41 | 8.52 | 5.34 | 9.38 | 11.39 | 11.40 | 5.09 | 8.37 | 9.86 | 10.10 |
| 排序Rank | 12 | 9 | 7 | 6 | 10 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 11 | 8 | 4 | 3 |
2.4 辣椒秸秆青贮和苜蓿体外产气及消化特性
2.4.1 体外产气特性
2.4.2 体外发酵参数及DM降解率
表6 不同处理辣椒秸秆青贮和苜蓿体外发酵参数及DM降解率Table 6 In vitro fermentation parameters and dry matter digestibility degradation rate of pepper straw silage and alfalfa under different treatments |
| 处理 Treatments | 产气参数 Gas production parameters | pH | 氨态氮 NH3-N/(mg/L) | 干物质降解率 Dry matter degradation rate/% | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a/mL | c/(mL/h) | lag/h | ||||
| MBM | 24.33±0.31ab | 0.11±0.02 | 0.59±0.03b | 6.87±0.17 | 0.026±0.00bc | 53.16±1.37ab |
| MBC | 23.76±0.42b | 0.10±0.03 | 0.56±0.05b | 6.79±0.22 | 0.028±0.00b | 53.01±1.34ab |
| LBM | 22.48±0.52c | 0.08±0.03 | 0.60±0.04b | 6.85±0.16 | 0.031±0.01ab | 51.06±2.03b |
| LBC | 21.29±0.41d | 0.10±0.01 | 0.57±0.05b | 6.86±0.23 | 0.033±0.01a | 51.05±2.34b |
| 苜蓿Alfalfa | 24.73±0.26a | 0.12±0.02 | 0.65±0.03a | 6.89±0.18 | 0.025±0.01c | 54.06±1.47a |
| P值P-value | <0.001 | 0.148 | 0.025 | 0.891 | 0.001 | 0.007 |
a:理论最大产气量;c:产气速率;lag:产气延滞时间。同列数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。 | |
a: theoretical maximum gas production; c: gas production rate; lag: delay time of gas production. In the same column, values with different lowercase letter superscripts indicated significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same or no letter superscripts indicated no significant difference (P>0.05). |
