1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料与设计
1.2 饲料桑营养价值测定
1.3 饲料桑发酵品质测定
1.4 细菌菌群分析
1.5 数据统计与分析
2 结果
2.1 不同株高和留茬高度对饲料桑营养成分的影响
表1 不同株高和留茬高度对饲料桑营养成分的影响Table 1 Effects of different plant heights and stubble heights on nutrient composition of feed mulberry |
| 项目 Items | 干物质 DM/% | 粗蛋白质 CP/% DM | 粗脂肪 EE/% DM | 粗灰分 Ash/% DM | 中性洗 涤纤维 NDF/% DM | 酸性洗 涤纤维 ADF/% DM | 蛋白质产量 PY/(g/株) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 株高 Plant height/cm | 留茬高度 Stubble height/cm | |||||||
| 10 | 24.83 ±2.50 | 18.45 ±1.80abc | 4.00 ±0.21 | 12.85 ±0.10 | 51.70 ±2.80 | 28.18 ±1.20 | 1.83 ±0.07c | |
| 90 | 20 | 25.18 ±3.30 | 20.20 ±2.00ac | 3.83 ±0.26 | 12.25 ±0.25 | 53.78 ±2.40 | 33.13 ±2.40 | 1.93 ±0.16c |
| 30 | 25.35 ±2.90 | 20.61 ±0.94a | 3.83 ±0.26 | 12.45 ±0.25 | 46.38 ±2.70 | 27.18 ±0.92 | 1.85 ±0.11c | |
| 10 | 30.85 ±0.81 | 15.41 ±0.41abc | 3.78 ±0.29 | 10.93 ±0.85 | 52.35 ±2.50 | 29.18 ±3.20 | 2.70 ±0.16bc | |
| 100 | 20 | 29.13 ±1.20 | 16.31 ±2.50abc | 3.83 ±0.15 | 12.13 ±0.17 | 50.98 ±0.96 | 27.70 ±1.30 | 2.43 ±0.16bc |
| 30 | 26.73 ±2.90 | 18.94 ±3.40abc | 3.78 ±0.14 | 12.55 ±0.27 | 49.83 ±2.70 | 29.68 ±2.00 | 2.22 ±0.14bc | |
| 10 | 28.68 ±1.30 | 15.54 ±1.40bc | 4.03 ±0.31 | 11.60 ±0.57 | 56.60 ±3.80 | 31.85 ±2.90 | 3.78 ±0.20a | |
| 110 | 20 | 28.35 ±2.10 | 15.39 ±1.20bc | 3.73 ±0.21 | 11.93 ±0.32 | 55.90 ±3.50 | 31.63 ±0.39 | 3.02 ±0.33b |
| 30 | 27.63 ±2.20 | 17.36 ±0.89abc | 3.83 ±0.19 | 12.00 ±0.53 | 54.53 ±2.30 | 29.25 ±3.00 | 2.95 ±0.31b | |
| 10 | 25.38 ±0.62 | 14.39 ±2.30b | 3.58 ±0.31 | 12.43 ±0.70 | 54.15 ±1.90 | 32.30 ±2.50 | 4.05 ±0.40a | |
| 120 | 20 | 25.50 ±1.60 | 15.72 ±1.60bc | 3.60 ±0.20 | 12.58 ±0.52 | 53.20 ±3.60 | 35.05 ±2.10 | 3.97 ±0.08a |
| 30 | 24.65 ±0.55 | 16.65 ±1.40abc | 3.40 ±0.08 | 12.70 ±0.51 | 52.63 ±2.70 | 32.55 ±2.20 | 3.69 ±0.08a | |
| P值P-value | ||||||||
| 株高Plant height | 0.049 0 | 0.000 4 | 0.150 2 | 0.115 3 | 0.113 0 | 0.077 2 | 0.000 1 | |
| 留茬高度Stubble height | 0.632 9 | 0.007 7 | 0.825 5 | 0.373 5 | 0.279 4 | 0.349 8 | 0.029 2 | |
| 交互Interaction | 0.960 6 | 0.898 0 | 0.834 5 | 0.470 4 | 0.911 3 | 0.619 9 | 0.426 1 | |
同列数据肩标无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。 | |
In the same column, values with no letter or the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). |
2.2 不同青贮添加剂对饲料桑发酵品质的影响
表2 不同青贮添加剂对饲料桑发酵品质的影响Table 2 Effects of different silage additives on quality of silage of feed mulberry |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | MO | CS | |||
| 干物质DM/% | 28.50 | 29.20 | 28.70 | 0.47 | 0.41 |
| 粗蛋白质CP/% DM | 14.20b | 16.50a | 13.90b | 0.63 | 0.01 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF/% DM | 38.20 | 41.70 | 41.10 | 2.00 | 0.25 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF/% DM | 25.13 | 25.47 | 25.53 | 0.14 | 0.92 |
| 水溶性碳水化合物WSC/(g/kg FM) | 2.40 | 3.00 | 3.10 | 0.42 | 0.29 |
| pH | 4.75a | 4.30b | 4.31c | 0.01 | <0.01 |
| 乳酸LA/(g/kg DM) | 70.30c | 97.10a | 92.10b | 0.59 | <0.01 |
| 乙酸AA/(g/kg DM) | 38.65b | 44.66a | 46.13a | 0.39 | <0.01 |
| 丙酸PA/(g/kg DM) | 28.75b | 29.25a | 29.38a | 0.11 | <0.01 |
| 氨态氮NH3-N/(g/kg DM) | 6.02b | 6.23a | 5.75c | 0.04 | <0.01 |
同行数据肩标无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with no letter or the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. |
2.3 不同添加剂对青贮饲料桑细菌菌群的影响
表3 α多样性指数分析Table 3 Analysis of α diversity indexes |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | MO | CS | |||
| Shannon指数Shannon index | 4.05 | 4.26 | 4.52 | 0.23 | 0.18 |
| Simpson指数Simpson index | 0.88a | 0.83a | 0.90b | 0.23 | 0.03 |
| Ace指数Ace index | 485.32b | 550.47ab | 607.71a | 42.50 | 0.05 |
| 覆盖率Goods_coverage | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.10 |
| Chao1指数Chao1 index | 472.49b | 515.67ab | 583.40a | 38.77 | 0.05 |
图1 不同青贮添加剂处理的青贮饲料桑中细菌菌群在门、属水平上的组成差异Firmicutes:厚壁菌门;Proteobacteria:变形菌门;Bacteroidetes:拟杆菌门;Actinobacteria:放线菌门;Deinococcus-Thermus:栖热菌门;Cyanobacteria:蓝藻菌门;Tenericutes:软壁菌门;Gemmatimonadetes:芽单胞菌门;Patescibacteria:髌骨菌门;Acidobacteria:酸杆菌门;Lactobacillus:乳杆菌属;Weissella:魏斯氏菌属;Enterococcus:肠球菌属;Lactococcus:乳球菌属;Stenotrophomonas:寡氧单胞菌属;Sphingomonas:鞘鞍醇单胞菌属;Pantoea:泛菌属;Rhizobium:根瘤菌属;Dysgonomonas:营发酵单胞菌属;Aureimonass:阿尔塔米拉金色单胞菌属;Others:其他。 Fig.1 Differences in bacterial community composition at phylum and genus levels in silage feed mulberry treated with different silage additives |
图2 细菌16S rRNA基因热图预测青贮饲料桑的功能图谱Amino acid metabolism:氨基酸代谢;Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites:其他次生代谢产物的生物合成;Cancers:癌症类;Carbohydrate metabolism:碳水化合物代谢;Cardiovascular diseases:心血管疾病;Cell growth and death:细胞生长和死亡;Cell motility:细胞运动;Cellular processes and signaling:细胞过程和信号传导;Circulatory system:循环系统;Digestive system:消化系统;Endocrine system:内分泌系统;Energy metabolism:能量代谢;Environmental adaptation:环境适应;Enzyme families:酶家族;Excretory system:排泄系统;Folding, sorting and degradation:折叠,分类和降解;Genetic information processing:基因调控;Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism:聚糖生物合成和代谢;Immune system:免疫系统;Immune system diseases:免疫系统疾病;Infectious diseases:传染病;Lipid metabolism:脂质代谢;Membrane transport:膜运输;Metabolic diseases:代谢性疾病;Metabolism:新陈代谢;Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins:辅因子和维生素的代谢;Metabolism of other amino acids:其他氨基酸的代谢;Metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides:萜类和聚酮类化合物代谢;Nervous system:神经系统;Neurodegenerative diseases:神经退行性疾病;Nucleotide metabolism:核苷酸代谢;Poorly characterized:缺失的功能描述;Replication and repair:复制和修复;Signal transduction:信号传导;Signaling molecules and interaction:信号分子和互作;Transcription:转录;Translation:翻译;Transport and catabolism:运输和分解代谢;Xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism:异生物质的生物降解和代谢。 Fig.2 Prediction of functional maps of silage feed mulberry using 16S rRNA gene heatmaps of bacteria |
