1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.1.1 供试昆虫
1.1.2 供试菌株
1.1.3 主要试剂
1.1.4 主要仪器
1.2 试验方法
1.2.1 细菌制备
1.2.2 美洲大蠊抗菌肽诱导及提取
1.2.3 美洲大蠊抗菌肽蛋白浓度测定
1.2.4 十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)测定
1.2.5 美洲大蠊抗菌肽抑菌活性测定(滤纸片扩散法)
1.2.6 美洲大蠊抗菌肽最小抑菌浓度(MIC)测定
1.2.7 美洲大蠊抗菌肽热稳定性测定
1.2.8 美洲大蠊抗菌肽反复冻融性测定
1.2.9 不同pH对美洲大蠊抗菌肽活性的影响
1.3 数据分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 SDS-PAGE结果
2.2 不同时间点美洲大蠊抗菌肽提取液的蛋白浓度
表1 不同时间美洲大蠊抗菌肽提取液的蛋白浓度Table 1 Protein concentration of extracting solution of antimicrobial peptides from Periplaneta americana at different timemg/mL |
| 项目 Items | 时间Time/h | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12 | 24 | 36 | 48 | 60 | 72 | |
| 对照组Control group | 0.987±0.010A | 0.987±0.020A | 0.984±0.025A | 0.999±0.033A | 1.023±0.026A | 1.021±0.030A |
| 诱导组Induction group | 1.121±0.018B | 1.313±0.050B | 1.521±0.040B | 1.673±0.036B | 1.496±0.035B | 1.323±0.034B |
同列数据肩标不同大写字母表示差异极显著(P<0.01)。 | |
In the same column, values with different capital letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.01). |
2.3 美洲大蠊抗菌肽对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门氏菌的抑菌效果
表2 美洲大蠊抗菌肽对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门氏菌的抑菌圈直径Table 2 Diameter of antibacterial circle of antimicrobial peptides from Periplaneta americana on Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureusmm |
| 项目 Items | 抑菌圈直径Diameter of antibacterial circle | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 大肠杆菌 Escherichia coli | 沙门氏菌 Salmonella | 金黄色葡萄球菌 Staphylococcus aureus | |
| 对照组Control group | 17.85±0.40Aa | 15.94±0.25Ab | 16.86±0.39Aab |
| 诱导组Induction group | 23.86±1.39Bc | 17.94±0.24Ba | 18.87±0.29Bb |
同列数据肩标不同大写字母表示差异极显著(P<0.01)。同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同小写字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。 | |
In the same column, values with different capital letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.01). In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same small letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). |
图3 美洲大蠊抗菌肽对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门氏菌的抑菌效果从上到下,依次是大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门氏菌的抑菌圈,左边为对照组,右边为诱导组。 Fig.3 Antibacterial effects of antimicrobial peptides from Periplaneta americana on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella From top to bottom, the inhibition circles of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella were shown successively, the control group on the left and the induction group on the right. |
2.4 美洲大蠊抗菌肽最小抑菌浓度
表3 美洲大蠊抗菌肽最小抑菌浓度Table 3 Minimum inhibitory concentration of antimicrobial peptides from Periplaneta americana |
| 美洲大蠊抗菌 肽浓度 Antimicrobial peptides from Periplaneta americana/(mg/L) | 大肠杆菌 Escherichia coli | 沙门氏菌 Salmonella | 金葡萄球菌 Staphylococcus aureus | 环丙沙星浓度 Ciprofloxacin concentration/ (mg/L) | 大肠杆菌 Escherichia coli | 沙门氏菌 Salmonella | 金葡萄球菌 Staphylococcus aureus | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5.0 | - | - | - | 5.0 | - | - | - | |
| 4.5 | - | - | - | 4.5 | - | - | - | |
| 4.0 | - | - | - | 4.0 | - | - | - | |
| 3.5 | - | - | - | 3.5 | - | - | - | |
| 3.0 | - | + | - | 3.0 | - | - | - | |
| 2.5 | - | + | + | 2.5 | - | + | - | |
| 2.0 | - | ++ | ++ | 2.0 | - | + | + | |
| 1.5 | - | ++ | ++ | 1.5 | - | ++ | ++ | |
| 1.0 | + | ++ | ++ | 1.0 | - | ++ | ++ | |
| 0.5 | ++ | ++ | ++ | 0.5 | + | ++ | ++ | |
| 0.0 | ++ | ++ | ++ | 0.0 | ++ | ++ | ++ |
-:无细菌生长;++:细菌正常生长;+:只有少量细菌生长。 | |
-: no bacterial growth; ++: bacteria normal growth; +: only a small number of bacteria grow. |
2.5 美洲大蠊抗菌肽热稳定性
表4 不同温度对美洲大蠊抗菌肽提取液抑菌活性的影响Table 4 Effects of different temperatures on antibacterial activity of extracting solution of antimicrobial peptides from Periplaneta americana |
| 项目 Items | 抑菌圈直径 Diameter of antibacterial circle/mm | 抑菌率 Bacteriostasis rate/% |
|---|---|---|
| 温度Temperature/℃ | ||
| 55 | 22.176±0.167a | 99.1 |
| 65 | 21.759±0.113a | 96.3 |
| 75 | 20.447±0.299b | 90.5 |
| 85 | 19.968±0.726b | 88.4 |
| 95 | 17.361±0.669c | 76.8 |
| 100 | 15.554±0.712d | 68.8 |
| 对照组Control group | 22.485±0.040a | 100.0 |
同列数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同小写字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same column, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same small letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.6 美洲大蠊抗菌肽反复冻融稳定性
表5 不同冻融次数对美洲大蠊抗菌肽提取液抑菌活性的影响Table 5 Effects of different time of freezing and thawing on antibacterial activity of extracting solution of antimicrobial peptides from Periplaneta americana |
| 项目 Items | 抑菌圈直径 Diameter of antibacterial circle/mm | 抑菌率 Bacteriostasis rate/% |
|---|---|---|
| 冻融次数Times of freezing and thawing/次 | ||
| 1 | 22.369±0.269a | 97.7 |
| 2 | 21.875±0.143b | 95.6 |
| 4 | 21.659±0.090b | 94.6 |
| 6 | 20.569±0.122c | 90.3 |
| 8 | 19.952±0.073d | 87.0 |
| 10 | 17.903±0.225e | 78.2 |
| 对照组Control group | 22.879±0.139a | 100.0 |
2.7 美洲大蠊抗菌肽pH稳定性
表6 不同pH对美洲大蠊抗菌肽提取液抑菌活性的影响Table 6 Effects of different pH on antibacterial activity of extracting solution of antimicrobial peptides from Periplaneta americana |
| 项目 Items | 抑菌圈直径 Diameter of antibacterial circle/mm | 抑菌率 Bacteriostasis rate/% |
|---|---|---|
| pH | ||
| 1 | 9.683±0.246e | 57.3 |
| 3 | 12.402±0.500b | 73.3 |
| 5 | 16.715±0.770a | 99.3 |
| 7 | 15.606±0.173c | 92.3 |
| 9 | 13.483±0.289d | 79.7 |
| 11 | 10.408±0.375e | 61.5 |
| 对照组Control group | 16.898±0.336a | 100.0 |
