1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 迷迭香提取物和葫芦巴提取物体外抗氧化能力的测定
1.3 动物试验
1.3.1 试验设计
1.3.2 试验饲粮
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(干物质基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (DM basis)% |
| 项目 Items | 含量 Content |
|---|---|
| 原料 Ingredients | |
| 玉米 Corn | 67.0 |
| 豆粕 Soybean meal | 23.0 |
| 麦麸 Wheat bran | 4.0 |
| 鱼粉 Fish meal | 3.0 |
| 石粉 Limestone | 1.2 |
| 磷酸氢钙 CaHPO4 | 0.4 |
| 食盐 NaCl | 0.4 |
| 预混料 Premix1) | 1.0 |
| 合计 Total | 100.0 |
| 营养水平 Nutrient levels2) | |
| 消化能 DE/(MJ/kg) | 13.11 |
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 18.43 |
| 粗纤维 CF | 3.55 |
| 粗脂肪 EE | 4.31 |
| 钙 Ca | 0.78 |
| 有效磷 AP | 0.52 |
| 赖氨酸 Lys | 1.68 |
| 蛋氨酸 Met | 0.51 |
| 蛋氨酸+胱氨酸 Met+Cys | 0.82 |
| 苏氨酸 Thr | 1.11 |
| 色氨酸 Trp | 0.33 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 Premix provided the following per kg of the diet:VA 15 000 IU,VD 4 800 IU,VE 150 mg,VK 4 mg,VB1 6 mg,VB2 10.5 mg,VB6 5 mg,VB12 12.5 mg,叶酸 folic acid 2.2 mg,泛酸 pantothenic acid 25.5 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 68.5 mg,生物素 biotin 0.1 mg,氯化胆碱 choline chloride 720 mg,Mn (as manganese sulfate) 65 mg,Zn (as zinc sulfate) 136.7 mg,Fe (as ferrous sulfate) 240 mg,Cu (as copper sulfate) 9.76 mg,I (as potassium iodide) 0.65 mg,Se (as sodium selenite) 0.45 mg。 2)粗蛋白质、粗纤维、粗脂肪为测定值,其余营养水平为计算值。CP, CF and EE were measured values, while the others were calculated values. |
1.3.3 饲养管理
1.4 指标测定
1.4.1 饲粮营养水平
1.4.2 母猪繁殖性能
总泌乳量(kg)=(21 d仔猪窝重-仔猪初生重)×4。
乳料比=总泌乳量/采食总量;
死淘率(%)=100×每窝的死亡头数/每窝仔猪中仔猪总数。
1.4.3 哺乳仔猪腹泻率和腹泻指数
腹泻率(%)=100×腹泻头数/总头数;
腹泻指数=总腹泻评分/(总头数×总天数)。
1.4.4 母猪血清抗氧化和氧化损伤指标
1.5 数据处理及统计分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 迷迭香提取物和葫芦巴提取物体外羟自由基清除率
图1 迷迭香提取物和葫芦巴提取物体外羟自由基清除率A:高浓度条件下羟自由基清除率;B:低浓度条件下羟自由基清除率。*表示差异显著(P<0.05)。 Fig.1 Hydroxyl radical scavenging rates of rosemary extract and fenugreek extract A: hydroxyl radical scavenging rates under high concentration conditions; B: hydroxyl radical scavenging rates under low concentration conditions. * mean significant difference (P<0.05). |
2.2 迷迭香提取物和葫芦巴提取物对HC11细胞抗氧化相关基因表达的影响
图2 迷迭香提取物和葫芦巴提取物对HC11细胞抗氧化相关基因表达的影响数据柱标相同小写字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下图同。 Fig.2 Effects of rosemary extract and fenugreek extract on expression of antioxidant-related genes in HC11 cells Value columns with the same small letters mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different small letters mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. |
2.3 迷迭香提取物和葫芦巴提取物对母猪繁殖性能的影响
表2 迷迭香提取物和葫芦巴提取物对母猪繁殖性能的影响Table 2 Effects of rosemary extract and fenugreek extract on reproductive performance of sows |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 试验组 Test group | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| 产程 Born process/min | 330.25±83.70 | 309.04±71.46 | 0.387 |
| 发情间隔 Estrus interval/d | 4.15±1.34 | 3.54±0.93 | 0.359 |
| 体况评分 Body condition score | 2.55±0.51 | 2.90±0.31 | 0.122 |
| 初生窝重 Birth litter wight/kg | 14.41±1.21 | 13.92±1.63 | 0.362 |
| 初生活仔数 Number of piglets born live/头 | 11.05±0.75 | 11.45±1.03 | 0.222 |
| 初生健仔数 Number of piglets born healthy/头 | 10.25±1.57 | 10.37±0.95 | 0.788 |
| 初生个体重 Birth weight of individuals/kg | 1.28±0.09 | 1.24±0.08 | 0.129 |
| 母猪平均日采食量 Average daily feed intake of sows/kg | 3.31±0.81b | 4.08±0.48a | 0.002 |
| 断奶窝重 Weaning litter weight/kg | 48.22±9.47 | 53.72±6.74 | 0.067 |
| 断奶个体重 Weaning individual weight/kg | 4.72±0.70b | 5.18±0.50a | 0.040 |
| 断奶数 Number of weaning litter/头 | 10.25±1.57 | 10.37±0.96 | 0.787 |
| 日均窝增重 Average daily litter weight gain/kg | 1.60±0.45b | 1.91±0.31a | 0.033 |
| 仔猪平均日增重 Average daily weight gain of piglets/g | 156±36b | 184±27a | 0.018 |
| 总泌乳量 Total milk yield/kg | 134.58±37.78b | 160.16±26.10a | 0.033 |
| 乳料比 Ratio of milk to feed | 0.54±0.07 | 0.52±0.04 | 0.268 |
| 死淘率 Mortality/% | 9.38±9.82 | 11.02±9.63 | 0.879 |
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
表3 迷迭香提取物和葫芦巴提取物对哺乳仔猪腹泻状况的影响Table 3 Effects of rosemary extract and fenugreek extract on diarrhea condition of suckling piglets |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 试验组 Test group | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| 腹泻率 Diarrhea rate/% | 11.29±2.30a | 1.93±0.59b | <0.001 |
| 腹泻指数 Diarrhea index | 2.09±0.10a | 1.20±0.24b | <0.001 |
2.4 迷迭香提取物和葫芦巴提取物对母猪血清抗氧化指标的影响
表4 迷迭香提取物和葫芦巴提取物对母猪血清抗氧化指标的影响Table 4 Effects of rosemary extract and fenugreek extract on serum antioxidant indexes of sows |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 试验组 Test group | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| 总抗氧化能力 T-AOC/(U/mL) | 1.32±0.31b | 2.34±0.38a | 0.016 |
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px/(U/mL) | 32.67±5.53b | 57.62±8.06a | 0.023 |
| 谷胱甘肽 GSH/(μmol/mL) | 1.41±0.67 | 1.58±0.85 | 0.885 |
| 过氧化氢酶 CAT/(U/mL) | 67.29±9.13 | 75.88±6.15 | 0.141 |
| 超氧化物歧化酶 SOD/(U/mL) | 48.50±13.92b | 83.87±27.69a | 0.016 |
表5 迷迭香提取物和葫芦巴提取物对母猪血清氧化损伤指标的影响Table 5 Effects of rosemary extract and fenugreek extract on serum oxidative damage indexes of sows |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 试验组 Test group | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| 过氧化氢 H2O2/(nmol/mL) | 451.83±62.97a | 184.61±65.61b | <0.001 |
| 丙二醛 MDA/(nmol/mL) | 118.92±12.64a | 76.34±23.39b | 0.005 |
| 肿瘤坏死因子-α TNF-α/(pg/mL) | 22.01±7.89a | 12.52±4.48b | 0.028 |
